Gobert

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Gobert
Hessische-Schweiz-Gobert.jpg
Highest peak Hohestein ( 569  m above sea  level )
location Werra-Meißner district and Eichsfeld district ; Hessen , Thuringia ( Germany )
Part of Thuringian Basin (with edge plates)
Coordinates 51 ° 15 ′  N , 10 ° 2 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′  N , 10 ° 2 ′  E
rock limestone
particularities partly belongs to the
nature park Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal ;
Place of the Hessian Switzerland
p1
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The Gobert (also called Gobe or Goburg ) is one to 569  m above sea level. NHN high, rocky and wooded shell limestone - mountain range of the natural area " Thuringian Basin (with edge plates)" in the Werra-Meißner district and the district of Eichsfeld in the border area of Hesse and Thuringia ( Germany ).

In the Hessian part of the Gobert is the Hessian Switzerland near Meinhard , one of the largest landslide areas in Germany, and in its Thuringian area the 858 km² Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park .

Geographical location

The Gobert is on the eastern border of the Hessian Werra-Meißner district to the Thuringian district of Eichsfeld. It is located north of Eschwege and east of Bad Sooden-Allendorf . While the two named Hessian cities are only three kilometers away from the edge of the core ridge, which is partly in the area of ​​the second city, the closest comparable city in Thuringia, Heiligenstadt , is about ten kilometers northeast.

The orographic Gobert

Orographically , the Gobert area is bounded by the valleys of the following rivers (listed clockwise):

The Gobert in the narrower sense

The actual Gobert represents the continuous forested limestone is -Höhenzug in the center of the orographic Gobert, who, especially in the West, in a sharp escarpment to the red sandstone slopes around. This plateau is cut around the valleys of flowing streams or around localities.

The following villages and streams directly touch the Gobert (listed clockwise):

Usually only the southern and central part south of Asbach is labeled as Gobert or Goburg on maps.

Natural structure

According to the division of the Handbook of the Natural Spatial Structure of Germany (6th delivery 1959) together with the Kassel sheet (1969), the Gobert core ridge is part of the Upper Eichsfeld unit and thus one of the edge plates of the Thuringian Basin , while its slopes to the east, south and west belong to the Lower Werrabergland and thus the East Hessian mountainous region.

Overall, the different parts of the orographic Gobert are assigned as follows:

The assignment of the landscape parts to two different main units (three digits) and even main unit groups (two digits) is not entirely undisputed, however, as the shell limestone plateau of the Gobert and its slope in the red sandstone form a self-contained layered landscape that goes north through the Eichenberg-Gotha - The Saalfeld fault zone is also separated from the main ridge of the Upper Eichsfeld in geological terms. In addition, the ridge line of the northern Gobert (at the Rachelsberg 523  m ) continues to the northwest through the red sandstone of the Höheberg (at the Junkerkuppe 510.7  m ), which is also included in the Lower Werrabergland. The BfN is now tending to include the entire Gobert area in the Lower Werrabergland.

The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG) arranges in its only nationwide, less detailed natural spatial system the entire area of ​​the (Thuringian) Gobert - as well as that of the mountain ranges to the northwest (Höheberg) and southeast (including Wanfrieder Werrahöhen ) Unit Werrabergland – Hörselberge zu, while in the east adjoining unit Hainich – Dün – Hainleite only the eastern main ridge of the upper area lies.

Geology, geomorphology

The Gobert is a southwestern, Hessian-Thuringian shell limestone offshoot of the Thuringian Eichsfeld . The near-surface geological subsurface is formed by banked limestone and marly intermediate layers of the Lower Muschelkalk (so-called wave limestone ). Towards the Werra valley, the wavy limestone breaks off steeply as a layer . The foot areas of the slope are formed by the marls, clays and gypsum of the Upper Buntsandstein. The limestone banks, which are permeable to water due to their strong fissures, over the clayey-marly and thus water-retaining layers of the Upper Buntsandstein have led to special storage conditions. They caused the landslides , rock falls and landslides that are typical of the rock fall area “Hessian Switzerland near Meinhard” , which hits the Thuringian border and has an alpine effect. By clearing out the more easily erodible Upper Buntsandstein, entire layers of layers were tipped along the corrugated limestone step. Cleavage caused the lower slopes of limestone rubble to be covered. At the edges of the demolition, crevices and crevices were sometimes several meters deep.

Protected areas

Within the Gobert there are different types of protected areas with species-rich flora and fauna in the plateau-like high areas:

The "Hessian Switzerland" is designated between the rocky mountains framing Hitzelrode as a 2.44 km² nature reserve founded in 1989 ( CDDA no. 163985). Also in the Hessian area is the 0.47 km² nature reserve "Kalkklippen south of the Iberg" (CDDA No. 163985), which has been in existence since 1995.

In the Hessian Gobert area, a small part of the fauna-flora-habitat area " Werra - und Wehre tal" (FFH no. 4825-302) extends over an area of ​​241.7 km² far beyond the landscape's borders along both River valleys extends. There is also the 2.92 km² FFH area “Kalkklippen der Gobert” (FFH no. 4726-350). On the Thuringian side is the 7.16 km² FFH area "Stein − Rachelsberg − Gobert" (FFH no. 4726-320).

In the Gobert there are also the bird sanctuaries “Felsklippen im Werra-Meißner-Kreis” (VSG no. 4726-401), which belongs to Hesse and has an area of ​​4.64 km², and “Werrabergland southwest of Uder ” (VSG no. 4626-420), which belongs to Thuringia and is 84.33 km² in size.

Along the western edge of the Gobert a small part of the large founded in 1992 and 38.41 square kilometers extends in its Hessian area protected landscape "Auenverbund Werra" (CDDA no. 378407). The 0.36 km² LSG area "Pfaffschwender Kuppe" (CDDA no. 323664) has been located in the Thuringian part since 1940.

history

That Gobert already in prehistoric was inhabited time in which district Motzenrode in the "High Stone" at a rampart to detect. The Emmicherode desert (also called "Ammicherode") from the 10th century AD, located below or north of the Hohestein, is evidence of human settlement. The last remnant of the desert is the "Supreme Church" (approx. 280  m ) from the 12th century  with its altar stone .

The relics of human creativity in the Gobert include the “Pferdeloch” gorge, the presumed resting place “Salzfrau” and the table-shaped limestone slab “Wolf table” (see also the section on mountains, elevations and viewpoints ).

The Altenstein castle ruins ( 350  m , first mentioned in 1264 AD ), located in the northern foothills of the Gobert, east of Asbach (part of the municipality of Asbach-Sickenberg , Thuringia), are also evidence of early settlement .

In some places there are old Hessian / Thuringian boundary stones from the time after 1815 on the Gobert ; they have, for example, the names "KP" ( Kingdom of Prussia ) and "KH" ( Kurhessen ).

From 1891, Rothestein Castle, southeast of Bad Sooden Allendorf (Hesse), was built. Limestone used to be mined in small stone quarries spread across the Gobert in order to use it to produce quicklime as a building material on site, as evidenced by an abandoned lime kiln east of Hitzelrode and south of Volkerode as an industrial monument reclaimed by nature.

In the period after the Second World War , the Asbach - Kella section of the inner German border - the Iron Curtain  - ran over the Gobert. While the Hessian areas of Gobert fell into the American zone of occupation (ABZ) and on May 23, 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany , their Thuringian areas became part of the Soviet zone of occupation (SBZ) and on October 7, 1949 one of the German Democratic Party Republic (GDR). In the area from Berg Goburg, from Uhlenkopf and “Schöner Aussicht” (see below), the border ran right along the rocky edge of the breakoff.

In the past, the Gobert timber industry was operated by a sawmill belonging to the Goburg forester's house , the former “Goburg” estate . The forester's house stood on the eastern slope of Goburg Mountain or west of Volkerode on the winding forest road that connected Volkerode with Hitzelrode. The sawmill was on this road about one kilometer from the forester's house in the direction of Hitzelrode.

Monument: section of the former inner-German border on the Gobert

As part of security measures along the inner-German border, the forester's house and sawmill were demolished in 1961/1962. Some overgrown remains of foundation walls , stables and cisterns have been preserved from the forester's house (or manor) , from the sawmill only foundation walls are left directly on the border. In some places the old pavement can still be made out.

After the collapse of the inner-German border (1989/1990), the barriers of the Iron Curtain were dismantled very quickly, which culminated in German reunification (October 3, 1990). The day of the first opening of the border at the old sawmill was December 28, 1989. In memory of the former border, a section of the former fence made of expanded metal was left standing.

In 1989 the first ideas for the later implemented nature conservation project Green Belt Germany emerged (see regarding the Gobert in the Flora and Fauna section ).

Flora and fauna

General

Limestone beech forest on the Hohestein

In the low mountain range of Gobert and "Hessian Switzerland", the remoteness caused by the former inner German border, barren soils, nature conservation and the largely non-intervention of humans - apart from clearing for the former border strip - increasingly contribute to the preservation and resettlement of rich flora and fauna Fauna led.

The slopes of the Hohestein are characterized by limestone beech forests, which, with decreasing soil thickness, turn into dry beech forests, mostly sedge-beech forests , towards the slope edges . The common beech only reaches low heights and forms crippled crowns. On the slopes overlaid with limestone rubble, forest ringelwort ( Mercurialis perennis ) dominates the undergrowth . Mountain sedge ( Carex montana ) and lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis ) are common in the dry beech forests. In the undergrowth of these sparse forests there are also herbs and grasses from dry and warm border locations such as the ostrich-flowered exuberant flower ( Tanacetum corymbosum ) and the broad-leaved laser herb ( Laserpitium latifolium ). Sometimes the beeches in the dry forests are accompanied by whitebeam ( Sorbus aria ) and old yew trees ( Taxus baccata ). The alpine thistle ( Carduus defloratus ) is a floristic feature in the borders . The rocky sites are almost free of wood. They are occupied by mostly patchy blue grass ( Sesleria varia ) lawns , which occur there as debris dams. In less steeply sloping plateau areas, wild garlic and beech forests have also developed in small areas on more humus-rich soils . The beech forests change into maple-ash-rubble and shady slope forests on rock debris . The fine hardwoods are also associated with mountain elm and summer linden , which are more assertive than the beech in the fine earth and therefore nutrient-rich rubble locations. The Goburg was reforested with conifers, which do not correspond to the potential natural vegetation there .

Peregrine falcons , which were released in Germany after the ban on the insecticide DDT , nest on steep rock faces and majestically circle the abysses. Based on long-term studies, researchers were able to identify up to 5,000 animal species.

Green Belt Germany

The realized conservation project Green band Germany which the former inner German border strip along the column path (Lochplattenweg) as partially conservation property " green belt protects", passes through the field of Gobert as from sheep Waldschneise kept open.

While before the fall of the Wall a cleared lane through the Gobert, secured by a steel mesh fence and land mines and kept open by herbicides, a rich flora and fauna has developed in this sheltered area since the reunification. With its poor grass , the aisle is a paradise for butterflies . Dost , fringed gentian and St. John's wort thrive . Various shrubs grow on the forest edges, which consist of spruce in many places .

Mountains, viewpoints

View from the beautiful view over the Hörnegrat into the Werra valley
The wolf table, a table-shaped rock in the southwest of the Gobert

The mountains, elevations and viewpoints of Gobert or "Hessischer Schweiz" as well as their foothills, the mountains of which have steep rocky cliffs in many places, include - with a height in meters (m) above sea level:

The Hohestein ( 569  m ), which is located northwest of Hitzelrode in Hessen, is the highest mountain of the Gobert; near its wooded summit is a fairly large rectangular clearing .

To the west, the Hohestein is connected to its Hessian foothills Hörne ( 522.7  m ) via a ridge with a path - passing the Hörnelücke . From the western end of the mountain spur, also known as the Hörnespitze, with its refuge , the impressive view of the Werra valley with Kleinvach (district of Bad Sooden-Allendorf), towards Bad Sooden Allendorf and beyond the river valley or west of it to the Kaufunger Wald (max. 643  m ) and Hohen Meißner ( 753.6  m ) can be enjoyed.

South of the Hohestein there is a rock plateau at the southern end of which the also Hessian mountain spur "Hohe Bahn" ( 509.6  m ) is located, from which the view over the east-southeast located Hitzelrode and the southern Motzenrode can be enjoyed.

In a north-easterly direction, another ridge leads from the Hohestein with a path to the "Schönen Aussicht" ( 520  m ), which is still in Hesse near the Thuringian border and where there is also a refuge. From the edge of the rock you can enjoy the view over the wooded valley of the Hainbach with the Emmicherode desert to Rothestein Castle and the Werra valley with Bad Sooden-Allendorf behind it.

About 500 m north of the "Schöne Aussicht" is the wooded Uhlenkopf mountain spur (approx. 520  m ), which lies on the Hessian-Thuringian border and also serves as a vantage point at the valley of the Emmicherode desert. From there, the view falls past Rothestein Castle to the Werra Valley with Bad Sooden-Allendorf, behind which you can see the Hoher Meißner and Kaufunger Forests.

About 500 m north of the "Uhlenkopf" rises the wooded mountain Goburg ( 543.4  m ), which is the highest point in the Eichsfeld, west-northwest of Volkerode in Thuringia. At its highest point there is a bronze plaque. There is a trigonometric point ( 541.5  m ) around 110 m northwest of its summit . The “Goburg” estate once stood on its eastern slope (see the history section ).

About 1 to 2 km southeast of the "Schöne Aussicht" are the viewpoints "Pferdeloch", "Salzfrau" (471 m) and "Wolftisch" (471 m), from which there are views of Hitzelrode and its peripheral mountains, known as "Hessian Switzerland "Are designated. The horse hole is a rocky gorge with rock chimneys, ribs, towers and walls, in which the people in the Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648) possibly hid their cattle . The “salt woman” was probably a resting place where salt porters might have rested in the past. The wolf table is a table-shaped shell limestone slab created by nature, which leans against a tree a few meters before breaking off vertically and is regarded as an old place of judgment and sacrifice.

A little further south is on the Hessian-Thuringian border southwest of the municipality of Kella on the southernmost foothills of the Gobert, the Bergsporn Meinhard ( 491.3  m ), the "Silberklippe", from which views over parts of the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park, among other things with the Greifenstein Castle on the Schlossberg ( 442.5  m ) and the Hülfensberg ( 448.2  m ) and to the Wanfrieder Werrahöhen east of Wanfried .

Mountain list:

  • Hohestein (569.0 m) - highest mountain the Gobert, northwest of Hitzelrode, Hesse
  • Goburg (543.4 m) - highest mountain in the Eichsfeld, west-northwest of Volkerode, near the Hesse / Thuringia border
  • nameless mountain (533.3 m) - east of Hitzelrode, border Hesse / Thuringia
  • Rachelsberg (523.4 m) - northwest of Wiesenfeld, Thuringia
  • Hörnespitze (on the Hörne ; 522.7 m) - Randkuppe / viewpoint, north-northwest of Motzenrode, east of Kleinvach, Hesse
  • Uhlenkopf (approx. 520 m) - mountain spur north of Hitzelrode or west of Volkerode, Hessen / Thuringia
  • Schwengelberg (512.6 m) - east-southeast of Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Hesse
  • Hesselkopf (506.0 m) - west-northwest of Wiesenfeld, Thuringia
  • Dietzenröder Stein (496.1 m) - southeast of Dietzenrode, Thuringia
  • Pfaffschwender Kuppe (493.6 m) - southwest of Pfaffschwende, Thuringia
  • Meinhard (491.3 m) - mountain spur with viewpoint Silberklippe, between Neuerode and Kella, border Hesse / Thuringia
  • Kahlenberg (460.8 m) - northeast of Asbach, Thuringia
  • Schloßberg ( Greifenstein ruins ; 442.5 m, Rosoppe-Frieda-Hügelland ) - east of Kellas, Thuringia
  • Heiligenberg (430.9 m) - east of Bad Sooden Allendorf, Hesse
  • Iberg (426.1 m) - east of Asbach, Thuringia
  • Frauenberg (411 m, Weidenbach-Mackenröder Senke ) - east of Weidenbach, Thuringia
  • Ferneberg (403.4 m, southern Gobert foreland ) - east-southeast of Motzenrode, Hesse
  • Brandberg (395 m, Weidenbach-Mackenröder Senke ) - northwest of Weidenbach, Thuringia
  • Hasselkuppe (380 m, Rosoppe-Frieda-Hügelland ) - north of Grebendorf, Hesse
  • Diedscher Kopf (337 m, southern Gobert foreland ) - west of Neuerodes, Hesse
  • Schlossberg (308 m, southern Gobert foreland ; with Rothestein Castle ) - southeast (Bad Sooden-) Allendorf, Hesse
  • Kahlenberg (274 m, Rosoppe-Frieda-Hügelland ) - directly at the Frieda estuary near Frieda in the southeast, Hesse

Worth seeing

Industrial monument on the Gobert: Lime kiln from the Second World War

The sights in the area of ​​Gobert and "Hessian Switzerland" include, in addition to their impressive rocky landscape with many vantage points as well as their flora and fauna, these relics from GDR times:

The lime kiln has remained in the southwest of the Gobert as an industrial monument. It was operated during the Second World War and produced quicklime for mortar production. To the north of it, at the "Memorial Oak to the Opening of the Border " ( 490  m ), the remains of the border fence, which was around 3 m high here, are listed as part of a picnic area equipped with benches and tables .

Near the Uhlenkopf north of Hitzelrode and west of Volkerode is the so-called "Stasi tube", a 38 m long concrete tube with a diameter of around 1 m, which was discovered by residents of Volkerode after the border was opened in January 1990 and was used during the Cold War ( presumably) served as an agent sluice under the border strip. Not far east of the Uhlenkopf is a former radio station for the border troops, which is now operated by radio amateurs.

hike

Gobert and "Hessian Switzerland" are among the most beautiful hiking areas in the Hessian-Thuringian border area with their impressive rocky landscape, species-rich flora and well-marked hiking trails . Beautiful distant views from the steep slopes and into the Werra Valley and Eichsfeld are worth the climb to the plateau-like plateau.

Sections of the European long-distance hiking trail E6 and the Werra-Burgen-Steig as well as the 15.5 km long circular hiking trail "P4" Hessian Switzerland, awarded by the "German Hiking Institute" with the hiking seal "Premiumweg" (quality mark for first-class, natural hiking trails) lead through the low mountain range ) was provided.

Most of the paths, which are mostly laid out as a path , lead in many places with detours to steep cliffs, to all important viewpoints (Hörnespitze, Hohe Bahn, Pferdeloch, Salzfrau, Schöne Aussicht, Silberklippe, Uhlenkopf and Wolftisch), for example to the highest mountains (Hohestein and Goburg) and also to the Green Belt Germany on the former inner-German border. In particular, a section between Hörnelücke and Hohestein requires surefootedness and sturdy shoes.

Transport links

To the west of the Gobert runs in the Werra valley in a north-south direction, federal road 27 , from which federal road 249 branches off to the east at Eschwege - Niederhone . From the latter, the state road  3403 leads from Niederhone via Jestädt and Motzenrode to Hitzelrode and there also the state road 3424 runs from Eschwege via Grebendorf and Neuerode . Both state roads meet in Hitzelrode , which is in the area of ​​Gobert and "Hessian Switzerland". You can also get into the landscape from the streets that lead through the villages of Gobert.

Web links

Commons : Gobert  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  3. ^ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. →  Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
  4. ↑ Map and legend of the natural areas of Hesse (online copy of Die Naturraum Hessens , Otto Klausing 1988) in the Hessen Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology
  5. ^ Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN  0863-2448 . → Natural area map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)

  6. ↑ a b c d e f g "Green Belt Germany" on www.bund.net ( Memento from April 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 195 kB)
  7. ↑ A primeval forest is emerging at the Hohestein ( memento of the original from January 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on eschwege.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eschwege.de
  8. ↑ a b height in m above sea level NHN from Schöner Aussicht and Salzfrau , on alpenraether.de
  9. ↑ height in m above sea level NHN from the wolf table according to the inscription on the sign in a photo on wikimedia.org
  10. ↑ a b EntdeckerTour Premiumweg P4 Hessian Switzerland , on naturparkfrauholle.land
  11. ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  12. ↑ Werratal-Tourismus.de (pdf .; 203 kB)