East Hessian mountainous region
Osthessisches Bergland is a name for a richly forested low mountain range between the West Hessian Basin in the west, the Weserbergland in the north, the Thuringian Basin in the northeast , which is largely located in Hesse , in the north also slightly to Lower Saxony , in the east to Thuringia and in the southeast to Bavaria , the north-western edge of the Thuringian Forest in the east, the Spessart in the south and the Wetterau in the southwest.
The East Hessian Uplands represent a main group of units (35 or D47) in natural space and are part of both the Central European low mountain range and the Rhine-Weser watershed .
The Hessian Upland , which combines the West and East Hessian Uplands, corresponds to the geological structural unit of the Hessian Depression in the broader sense, since geologically younger layers of the Zechstein and the Buntsandstein , and in places even younger rocks of the shell limestone , the lower Jura and the Tertiary have been preserved.
Natural structure
The Environmental Atlas of Hessen distinguishes between the following main units (three-digit codes):
-
35 East Hessian mountains
- 350 Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.1 Northern Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.2 Northwestern Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.3 Eastern Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.4 Western Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.5 Southern Lower Vogelsberg
- 350.6 Gieseler Forest
- 351 Hoher Vogelsberg (with Oberwald)
- 351.0 Western High Vogelsberg
- 351.1 Eastern High Vogelsberg
- 351.2 Oberwald
- 352 Fulda Valley
- 352.0 Fliedetal
- 352.1 Fulda Basin
- 352.2 Grossenlüder-Lauterbacher Graben
- 353 Vorder- and Kuppenrhön (with ridge)
- 353.0 Ridge
- 353.1 Western Rhön foreland
- 353.2 Kuppenrhön
- 353.3 Eastern Rhone Foreland
- 354 High Rhön
- 354.0 Southern High Rhön
- 354.1 Hochrhön
- 355 Fulda-Haune-Tafelland
- 355.0 Ottrauer Bergland
- 355.1 Schlitzer Land
- 355.2 Kämmerzell-Hersfelder Fuldatal
- 355.3 Haune plateaus
- 355.4 Kirchheimer Bergland
- 356 Knüll and Homberg Highlands (Environmental Atlas Hesse: Knüll Highlands )
- 356.0 Western Knüllvorland
- 356.1 Eastern Knüllvorland
- 356.2 Hochknull
- 356.3 Homberg Highlands
- 357 Fulda-Werra-Bergland
- 357.0 Neuenstein-Ludwigsecker mountain range
- 357.1 Bebra-Melsunger Fulda valley
- 357.2 Solztrot and Seulings Forest
- 357.3 Sontra hill country
- 357.4 Stölzinger Bergland ( Stölzinger Mountains )
- 357.5 Witzenhausen-Altmorschen valley
- 357.6 Melsunger Bergland (with Günsteröder Höhe )
- 357.7 Kaufunger Wald and Söhre
- 357.8 Meißner area (with Hohem Meißner )
- 357.9 Sontra-Bergland (with Schlierbachswald)
- 358 Lower Werrabergland (originally: Lower Werratal )
- 358.0 Under Werra saddle
- 358.1 Treffurt-Wanfrieder Werratal
- 358.2 Eschweg basin
- 358.3 Sooden-Allendorfer Werra Valley
- 358.4 Witzenhausen – Hedemündener Werra Valley
- 358.5 Rosoppe-Frieda Bay
- 358.6 Höheberg
- 358.7 Fretteröder Keupersenke
- 358.8 Neuseesen-Werleshäuser heights
- 358.9 sand forest
- Gobert
- Weidenbach-Mackenröder depression
- Upper Friedatal area
- Wanfrieder Werra Heights
- 359 Salzunger Werrabergland
- 359.0 Stadtlengsfelder hill country
- 359.1 Salzungen-Herleshausen Werratal
- 359.2 Frauensee hill country
- 350 Lower Vogelsberg
Landscape characteristics
The East Hessian mountainous region connects directly to the east with the West Hessian mountain and sink region . The red sandstone is almost consistently represented and, with the exception of parts overlaid with volcanic basalt, also largely determines the surface and relief.
All of the outstanding mountain ranges are, at least in part, shaped by volcanoes. Between the Hohe Meißner, which reaches up to 754 m, and the up to 643 m high Kaufunger Wald in the north, the maximum 636 m high Knüll in the center, the up to 773 m high Vogelsberg in the southwest and the up to 950 m high Rhön in the southeast, individual dives repeatedly Singularities that document the volcanic activity between two low mountain range regions.
Location of the individual main units
The north of the main unit group is occupied by the Fulda-Werra-Bergland with the Hohem Meißner and Kaufunger Forest , which flattens out into the Lower Werra Land in the northeast and into the Salzunger Werrabergland in the southeast . The Knüll -Hochland follows to the southwest, the Fulda-Haune-Tafelland to the south and the Vorder- and Kuppenrhön (with ridge ) to the southeast, which merges into the Hohe Rhön to the southeast .
To the south of the Fulda-Haune-Tafelland and west of the Rhön finally follow Unterer and Hoher Vogelsberg , the former enclosing the second in a ring.
Mountains (selection)
- Wasserkuppe (950.2 m, Hohe Rhön )
- Kreuzberg (927.8 m, Bavarian High Rhön )
- Dammersfeldkuppe (927.9 m, border between Hesse and Bavaria , Hohe Rhön )
- Heidelstein (925.7 m, border between Hesse and Bavaria, Hohe Rhön )
- Milseburg (835.2 m, highest mountain of the Kuppenrhön )
- Taufstein (773.0 m, Hoher Vogelsberg )
- Kasseler Kuppe (753.6 m, Hoher Meißner )
- Gebaberg (750.7 m, in the east of the Thuringian Front Rhön )
- Pleß (645.4 m, Salzunger Werrabergland )
- Hirschberg (643.4 m, Söhre )
- Bilstein (641.2 m, Kaufunger Wald )
- Eisenberg (635.5 m, Knüll )
- Knüllköpfchen (633.8 m, Knüll )
- Rimberg (591.8 m, southeastern Knüll foothills in the Ottrauer Bergland )
Rivers
The central flowing water is the Fulda , which leaves the area of the East Hessian mountainous region in its course from south to north shortly before its confluence with the Werra in the West Hessian Depression . To the left of the Fulda are Knüll and Vogelsberg , to the right of it the main part of the Fulda-Werra-Bergland and the Rhön .
Right tributaries of the Schwalm, which runs almost entirely in the West Hessian Depression in the middle and lower reaches, drain the west, left tributaries of the Werra drain the east. The two rivers only run in the source (Schwalm) or estuary (Werra) in the mountainous region itself.
The tributaries are also north of the Rhine-Weser watershed , apart from the Ohm as the only tributary of the Lahn , clearly oriented in a south-north direction, while the tributaries of the Main tributaries Nidda , Kinzig and Fränkische Saale flow south .
Table of the main rivers
In the following, the most important rivers of the East Hessian mountainous region are listed in a clockwise order, starting on the north side of the Rhine-Weser watershed on the Vogelsberg .
For a better overview or for sorting downstream, depending on the river system, hyphens are inserted in the DGKZ digits after the digits for the respective main river.
River names and lengths written in italics indicate a river that clearly leaves the area of the East Hessian mountainous region (not including the marginal depressions), and italic catchment areas and runoffs to a catchment area, some of which are outside, with significant tributaries from outside the East Hessian mountainous region (see the list below the table). Main rivers are linked if they are entirely outside.
Surname | Main river |
Length (km) |
EZG (km²) |
Discharge (MQ; l / s) |
Headwaters | Main units |
DGKZ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drive | Schwalm (l) | 38.6 | 115.3 | 980 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 4288-2 |
Schwalm | Eder | 97.1 | 1,298.8 | 9,044 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 428-8 |
Berf | Schwalm (r) | 20.0 | 42.2 | 218 | Ottrauer Bergland | 355.0 | 4288-16 |
Grenff | Schwalm (r) | 22.0 | 86.4 | 711 | Ottrauer Bergland | 355.0 | 4288-32 |
Efze | Schwalm (r) | 38.2 | 220.5 | 1,481 | Crunch | 356 | 4288-8 |
Rohrbach | Fulda (l) | 18.0 | 73.9 | 576 | Neuenstein-Ludwigsecker ridge | 357.0 | 42-714 |
Geisbach | Fulda (l) | 22.1 | 76.2 | 487 | Crunch | 356 | 42-596 |
Auditorium | Fulda (l) | 22.6 | 124.8 | 919 | Crunch | 356 | 42-56 |
Jossa | Fulda (l) | 22.9 | 122.0 | 780 | Schlitzer Land | 355.1 | 42-54 |
slot | Fulda (l) | 43.3 | 314.6 | 3,715 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 42-4 |
Lüder | Fulda (l) | 36.4 | 190.0 | 2,306 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 42-36 |
Lilac | Fulda (l) | 22.1 | 271.4 | 3,627 | Ridge | 353.0 | 42-2 |
Fulda | Weser | 220.7 | 6,946.6 | 66,924 | High Rhön | 354 | 42 |
Lütter | Fulda (r) | 17.5 | 50.7 | 672 | High Rhön | 354 | 42-14 |
Haune * | Fulda (r) | 66.5 | 499.0 | 4.113 | Kuppenrhön | 353.2 | 42-6 |
Nüst | Haune (r) | 22.8 | 97.2 | 1,029 | Kuppenrhön | 353.2 | 426-6 |
Solz | Fulda (r) | 21.4 | 91.5 | 682 | Kuppenrhön | 353.2 | 42-712 |
Ulfe | Fulda (r) | 27.6 | 71.5 | 552 | Seulingswald | 357.2 | 42-72 |
Phew | Fulda (r) | 21.5 | 117.1 | 1,235 | Stölzinger Mountains | 357.4 | 42-78 |
Losse | Fulda (r) | 28.9 | 120.6 | 1,418 | Stölzinger Mountains | 357.4 | 42-96 |
Sneezes | Fulda (r) | 21.8 | 88.1 | 921 | Kaufunger Forest | 357.7 | 42-98 |
Gelster | Werra (l) | 18.2 | 60.6 | 771 | Söhre | 357.7 | 41-96 |
Weirs ** | Werra (l) | 36.5 | 451.7 | 4.147 | Söhre | 357.7 | 41-8 |
Taffeta | Ulster (l) | 11.7 | 62.3 | 564 | Kuppenrhön | 353.2 | 414-8 |
Ulster | Werra (l) | 55.5 | 421.0 | 5,279 | High Rhön | 354 | 41-4 |
Pasture | Ulster (r) | 10.3 | 36.7 | 539 | High Rhön | 354 | 414-4 |
Felda | Werra (l) | 42.2 | 216.7 | 2,330 | High Rhön | 354 | 41-38 |
Litter | Franconian Saale (r) | 35.5 | 448.1 | High Rhön | 354 | 244-2 | |
Brend | Franconian Saale (r) | 26.2 | 139.9 | High Rhön | 354 | 244-32 | |
sense | Franconian Saale (r) | 61.1 | 623.8 | 5,869 | High Rhön | 354 | 244-8 |
Narrow sense | Sense (r) | 27.6 | 103.6 | 1,439 | High Rhön | 354 | 2448-2 |
Steinebach (Steinaubach) | Tiny | 23.2 | 64.8 | 798 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2478-16 |
salt | Kinzig (r) | 29.8 | 91.3 | 1,219 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2478-2 |
Brings | Kinzig (r) | 31.5 | 117.7 | 1,644 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2478-4 |
Seemenbach | Nidder (l) | 37.4 | 145.0 | 1,452 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2486-6 |
Nidder | Nidda (l) | 68.6 | 435.7 | 3,875 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 248-6 |
Nidda | Main (r) | 89.7 | 1,942.4 | 13,065 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 24-8 |
Horloff | Nidda (r) | 44.5 | 279.2 | 1.004 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 248-2 |
Weather | Nidda (r) | 68.8 | 517.0 | 2,994 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 248-4 |
Seenbach | Ohm (l) | 18.3 | 96.5 | 1,288 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2582-2 |
ohm | Lahn | 59.7 | 983.8 | 7,950 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 258-2 |
Felda | Ohm (r) | 29.9 | 107.4 | 1,276 | Vogelsberg | 350/1 | 2582-4 |
(*: Strictly speaking, the source of the Haune is still in the western Rhön foothills , 353.1
**: The weirs originate, strictly speaking, in the Rommeroder hill country , 357.53 , the eastern foothills of the Söhre)
The following parts of the (catchment areas of) the rivers listed do not belong to the East Hessian mountainous region:
- Drift - entire middle and lower reaches of the Upper Hessian threshold
- Schwalm - almost all left tributaries in various parts of the West Hessian mountainous region ; River lies on the western border
- Fulda - estuary lies on the north-western border; left tributaries above the Eder are outside; from the catchment area of the Eder, which is roughly the size of the rest of Fulda, only right-hand Schwalm tributaries come from the East Hessian mountains, while the Eder otherwise feeds from the Süderbergland (upper reaches) to the West Hessian mountains.
- Streu - Unterlauf lies in the grave field
- Brend - middle and lower reaches are, without significant inflows in the Spessart counted Südrhön
- Sense - middle and lower reaches are u. a. in various parts of the Spessart
- Bracht and Seemenbach - lower reaches lie in the Büdinger Forest , which is part of the Spessart, without any notable tributaries
- Nidder - from the tributary of the Seemenbach course at the eastern interface of the Wetterau to the Ronneberger Hügelland , but without any noteworthy tributaries
- Horloff - middle and lower reaches on the southeast border; (only moderately productive) right tributaries there from the Wetterau
- Nidda - from the inflow of the Horloff course in the Wetterau; there inflow of weather and lowland
- Weather - leaves the East Hessian highlands shortly after the source and takes u. a. Water from the Taunus .
- Ohm - from the inflow of the Felda course in various parts of the West Hessian mountainous region
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dierck Henningsen: Introduction to the geology of the Federal Republic of Germany . 3. Edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-432-88513-X , p. 49-54 .
- ^ Map and description of the Eastern Hessian mountainous region in the Environmental Atlas of Hesse
- ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
General sources
- "Geological overview map of Hessen". Historical atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
-
BfN
- Map services
-
Landscape profiles of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( notes ) - by main units:
- 350 ( Lower Vogelsberg )
- 35001 Unterer Vogelsberg
- 35002 Gieseler Forst ( labeled " Fuldavorland des Vogelsberg ")
- 351 ( High Vogelsberg )
- 352 ( Fulda Valley )
- 353 ( Vorder- and Kuppenrhön (with ridge) )
- 35301 Kuppenrhön ( labeled " Westliche und Ostliche Kuppenrhön ")
- 35302 Ridge and Western Rhön foreland ( labeled " Foreland of the western Kuppenrhön ")
- 35303 Eastern Rhone Foreland
- 354 ( Hohe Rhön )
- 355 ( Fulda-Haune-Tafelland )
- 35501 Fulda-Haune-Tafelland (without Fulda valley )
- 35502 Kämmerzell-Hersfelder Fuldatal (with " Fulda valley between Fuldaer Bucht and Hersfelder Senke " marked)
- 356 ( Knüll highlands )
- 35601 Knüll (without Homberger Hochland)
- 35602 Homberg Highlands
- 357 ( Fulda-Werra-Bergland )
- 35701 Fulda-Werra-Bergland (without Kaufunger Wald, Meißnergebiet and Fulda valley)
- 35702 Kaufunger Wald (without Söhre)
- 35703 Meißnergebiet ( labeled " Hoher Meißner ")
- 35704 Bebra-Melsunger Fulda Valley
- 358 ( Lower Werrabergland )
- 35801 Lower Werra Land (without Lower Werra Valley)
- 35802 Sooden-Allendorfer and Witzenhausen-Hedemündener Werratal ( labeled " Tal der Werra ")
- 359 ( Salzunger Werrabergland )
- 35900 Salzunger Werrabergland (without Werratal)
- 35901 Salzungen-Herleshausener Werratal ( labeled " Werraaue Meiningen-Wartha ")
- 350 ( Lower Vogelsberg )
Web links
- Map / aerial photo of the East Hessian mountainous region