East Hessian mountainous region

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Lower Saxony-Hessian highlands (center) with East Hessian highlands (No. 35)

Osthessisches Bergland is a name for a richly forested low mountain range between the West Hessian Basin in the west, the Weserbergland in the north, the Thuringian Basin in the northeast , which is largely located in Hesse , in the north also slightly to Lower Saxony , in the east to Thuringia and in the southeast to Bavaria , the north-western edge of the Thuringian Forest in the east, the Spessart in the south and the Wetterau in the southwest.

The East Hessian Uplands represent a main group of units (35 or D47) in natural space and are part of both the Central European low mountain range and the Rhine-Weser watershed .

The Hessian Upland , which combines the West and East Hessian Uplands, corresponds to the geological structural unit of the Hessian Depression in the broader sense, since geologically younger layers of the Zechstein and the Buntsandstein , and in places even younger rocks of the shell limestone , the lower Jura and the Tertiary have been preserved.

Natural structure

The Environmental Atlas of Hessen distinguishes between the following main units (three-digit codes):

Landscape characteristics

The East Hessian mountainous region connects directly to the east with the West Hessian mountain and sink region . The red sandstone is almost consistently represented and, with the exception of parts overlaid with volcanic basalt, also largely determines the surface and relief.

All of the outstanding mountain ranges are, at least in part, shaped by volcanoes. Between the Hohe Meißner, which reaches up to 754 m, and the up to 643 m high Kaufunger Wald in the north, the maximum 636 m high Knüll in the center, the up to 773 m high Vogelsberg in the southwest and the up to 950 m high Rhön in the southeast, individual dives repeatedly Singularities that document the volcanic activity between two low mountain range regions.

Location of the individual main units

The north of the main unit group is occupied by the Fulda-Werra-Bergland with the Hohem Meißner and Kaufunger Forest , which flattens out into the Lower Werra Land in the northeast and into the Salzunger Werrabergland in the southeast . The Knüll -Hochland follows to the southwest, the Fulda-Haune-Tafelland to the south and the Vorder- and Kuppenrhön (with ridge ) to the southeast, which merges into the Hohe Rhön to the southeast .

To the south of the Fulda-Haune-Tafelland and west of the Rhön finally follow Unterer and Hoher Vogelsberg , the former enclosing the second in a ring.

Mountains (selection)

Rivers

The central flowing water is the Fulda , which leaves the area of ​​the East Hessian mountainous region in its course from south to north shortly before its confluence with the Werra in the West Hessian Depression . To the left of the Fulda are Knüll and Vogelsberg , to the right of it the main part of the Fulda-Werra-Bergland and the Rhön .

Right tributaries of the Schwalm, which runs almost entirely in the West Hessian Depression in the middle and lower reaches, drain the west, left tributaries of the Werra drain the east. The two rivers only run in the source (Schwalm) or estuary (Werra) in the mountainous region itself.

The tributaries are also north of the Rhine-Weser watershed , apart from the Ohm as the only tributary of the Lahn , clearly oriented in a south-north direction, while the tributaries of the Main tributaries Nidda , Kinzig and Fränkische Saale flow south .

Table of the main rivers

In the following, the most important rivers of the East Hessian mountainous region are listed in a clockwise order, starting on the north side of the Rhine-Weser watershed on the Vogelsberg .
For a better overview or for sorting downstream, depending on the river system, hyphens are inserted in the DGKZ digits after the digits for the respective main river.
River names and lengths written in italics indicate a river that clearly leaves the area of ​​the East Hessian mountainous region (not including the marginal depressions), and italic catchment areas and runoffs to a catchment area, some of which are outside, with significant tributaries from outside the East Hessian mountainous region (see the list below the table). Main rivers are linked if they are entirely outside.

Surname Main
river		 Length
(km) 		EZG
(km²) 		Discharge
(MQ; l / s) 		Headwaters Main
units		 DGKZ
Drive Schwalm (l) 38.6 115.3 980 Vogelsberg 350/1 4288-2
Schwalm Eder 97.1 1,298.8 9,044 Vogelsberg 350/1 428-8
Berf Schwalm (r) 20.0 42.2 218 Ottrauer Bergland 355.0 4288-16
Grenff Schwalm (r) 22.0 86.4 711 Ottrauer Bergland 355.0 4288-32
Efze Schwalm (r) 38.2 220.5 1,481 Crunch 356 4288-8
Rohrbach Fulda (l) 18.0 73.9 576 Neuenstein-Ludwigsecker ridge 357.0 42-714
Geisbach Fulda (l) 22.1 76.2 487 Crunch 356 42-596
Auditorium Fulda (l) 22.6 124.8 919 Crunch 356 42-56
Jossa Fulda (l) 22.9 122.0 780 Schlitzer Land 355.1 42-54
slot Fulda (l) 43.3 314.6 3,715 Vogelsberg 350/1 42-4
Lüder Fulda (l) 36.4 190.0 2,306 Vogelsberg 350/1 42-36
Lilac Fulda (l) 22.1 271.4 3,627 Ridge 353.0 42-2
Fulda Weser 220.7 6,946.6 66,924 High Rhön 354 42
Lütter Fulda (r) 17.5 50.7 672 High Rhön 354 42-14
Haune * Fulda (r) 66.5 499.0 4.113 Kuppenrhön 353.2 42-6
Nüst Haune (r) 22.8 97.2 1,029 Kuppenrhön 353.2 426-6
Solz Fulda (r) 21.4 91.5 682 Kuppenrhön 353.2 42-712
Ulfe Fulda (r) 27.6 71.5 552 Seulingswald 357.2 42-72
Phew Fulda (r) 21.5 117.1 1,235 Stölzinger Mountains 357.4 42-78
Losse Fulda (r) 28.9 120.6 1,418 Stölzinger Mountains 357.4 42-96
Sneezes Fulda (r) 21.8 88.1 921 Kaufunger Forest 357.7 42-98
Gelster Werra (l) 18.2 60.6 771 Söhre 357.7 41-96
Weirs ** Werra (l) 36.5 451.7 4.147 Söhre 357.7 41-8
Taffeta Ulster (l) 11.7 62.3 564 Kuppenrhön 353.2 414-8
Ulster Werra (l) 55.5 421.0 5,279 High Rhön 354 41-4
Pasture Ulster (r) 10.3 36.7 539 High Rhön 354 414-4
Felda Werra (l) 42.2 216.7 2,330 High Rhön 354 41-38
Litter Franconian Saale (r) 35.5 448.1 High Rhön 354 244-2
Brend Franconian Saale (r) 26.2 139.9 High Rhön 354 244-32
sense Franconian Saale (r) 61.1 623.8 5,869 High Rhön 354 244-8
Narrow sense Sense (r) 27.6 103.6 1,439 High Rhön 354 2448-2
Steinebach (Steinaubach) Tiny 23.2 64.8 798 Vogelsberg 350/1 2478-16
salt Kinzig (r) 29.8 91.3 1,219 Vogelsberg 350/1 2478-2
Brings Kinzig (r) 31.5 117.7 1,644 Vogelsberg 350/1 2478-4
Seemenbach Nidder (l) 37.4 145.0 1,452 Vogelsberg 350/1 2486-6
Nidder Nidda (l) 68.6 435.7 3,875 Vogelsberg 350/1 248-6
Nidda Main (r) 89.7 1,942.4 13,065 Vogelsberg 350/1 24-8
Horloff Nidda (r) 44.5 279.2 1.004 Vogelsberg 350/1 248-2
Weather Nidda (r) 68.8 517.0 2,994 Vogelsberg 350/1 248-4
Seenbach Ohm (l) 18.3 96.5 1,288 Vogelsberg 350/1 2582-2
ohm Lahn 59.7 983.8 7,950 Vogelsberg 350/1 258-2
Felda Ohm (r) 29.9 107.4 1,276 Vogelsberg 350/1 2582-4

(*: Strictly speaking, the source of the Haune is still in the western Rhön foothills , 353.1
**: The weirs originate, strictly speaking, in the Rommeroder hill country , 357.53 , the eastern foothills of the Söhre)

The following parts of the (catchment areas of) the rivers listed do not belong to the East Hessian mountainous region:

  • Drift - entire middle and lower reaches of the Upper Hessian threshold
  • Schwalm - almost all left tributaries in various parts of the West Hessian mountainous region ; River lies on the western border
  • Fulda - estuary lies on the north-western border; left tributaries above the Eder are outside; from the catchment area of ​​the Eder, which is roughly the size of the rest of Fulda, only right-hand Schwalm tributaries come from the East Hessian mountains, while the Eder otherwise feeds from the Süderbergland (upper reaches) to the West Hessian mountains.
  • Streu - Unterlauf lies in the grave field
  • Brend - middle and lower reaches are, without significant inflows in the Spessart counted Südrhön
  • Sense - middle and lower reaches are u. a. in various parts of the Spessart
  • Bracht and Seemenbach - lower reaches lie in the Büdinger Forest , which is part of the Spessart, without any notable tributaries
  • Nidder - from the tributary of the Seemenbach course at the eastern interface of the Wetterau to the Ronneberger Hügelland , but without any noteworthy tributaries
  • Horloff - middle and lower reaches on the southeast border; (only moderately productive) right tributaries there from the Wetterau
  • Nidda - from the inflow of the Horloff course in the Wetterau; there inflow of weather and lowland
  • Weather - leaves the East Hessian highlands shortly after the source and takes u. a. Water from the Taunus .
  • Ohm - from the inflow of the Felda course in various parts of the West Hessian mountainous region


See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dierck Henningsen: Introduction to the geology of the Federal Republic of Germany . 3. Edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-432-88513-X , p. 49-54 .
  2. ^ Map and description of the Eastern Hessian mountainous region in the Environmental Atlas of Hesse
  3. ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )

General sources

Web links