Eder

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Eder
History map Eder.png
Data
Water code EN : 428
location North Rhine-Westphalia , Hessen ( Germany )
River system Weser
Drain over Fulda  → Weser  → North Sea
source in the Rothaargebirge on the Ederkopf
50 ° 56 ′ 6 ″  N , 8 ° 12 ′ 36 ″  E
Source height approx.  621  m above sea level NHN
muzzle in the Kassel basin near Edermünde - Grifte in the Fulda coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 27 ′ 18 ″  E 51 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 27 ′ 18 ″  E
Mouth height approx.  143  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 478 m
Bottom slope approx. 2.7 ‰
length 176.1 km
Catchment area 3,360.966 km²
Discharge at the Fritzlar
A Eo gauge : 1806 km²
Location: 25.5 km above the mouth 		NNQ (11/19/1976)
MNQ 1966/2012
MQ 1966/2012
Mq 1966/2012
 MHQ 1966/2012
HHQ (03/11/1981) 		2.8 m³ / s
6.07 m³ / s
23.6 m³ / s
13.1 l / (s km²)
 134 m³ / s
313 m³ / s
Outflow  Fritzlar (Eder) + Uttershausen  (Schwalm) + Hebel (Efze)
A Eo : 2792 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		30.59 m³ / s
11 l / (s km²)
Difference in discharge of the Fulda gauges Grebenau and Guntershausen
A Eo : 3391 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		31.6 m³ / s
9.3 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries longest orc
(this and others see below )
Right tributaries longest Schwalm
(this and others see below )
Reservoirs flowed through Edersee , Affolderner See
Small towns Battenberg , Frankenberg , Waldeck , Fritzlar , Felsberg
Cycle paths: Ederauen cycle path and the Hessian long- distance cycle paths R6 and R8
Ederquelle am Ederkopf
(during the snowmelt; 2005)
The Eder before Ederbringhausen ; left, southwest in the background (upstream) Viermünden (2016)

The Eder (up to the beginning of the 20th century and still called Edder in the dialect ) is the longest and largest as well as a western and orographic left tributary of the Fulda with 176.1 km . It runs in North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse .

The river has its source in the Rothaargebirge on the Ederkopf in the urban area of Netphen ( Westphalia ), flows through the Edersee reservoir and flows into the Fulda at Grifte on the border between Edermünde and Guxhagen ( Northern Hesse ). It runs through the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in North Rhine-Westphalia and through the district of Waldeck-Frankenberg and the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse .

geography

course

source

The Eder rises in the Westphalian district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the southwest of the Rothaargebirge, in the border area of Wittgensteiner Land in the northeast and Siegerland in the southwest. The Ederquelle , in the Ederkopf-Lahnkopf-Ridge natural area , is located in the urban area of Netphen in the Nauholz district on the Ederkopf ( 650  m above sea  level ) west of the Erndtebrücker district of Benfe , a southern slope of the Obersten Henn ( 675.9  m ). At around 621  m above sea level, its water emerges from a source of debris in the Ederbruch spring moor. The main source used to be closed, but in 1991 it was renatured. The Rothaarsteig leads past .

The Eder mostly flows through sparsely populated rural areas - mainly in an east-northeast direction:

Upper course

Initially, the Eder flows to the northwest. A little below the Ederbruch, at the western foot of the Ederkopf, on the upper course of the river near the source, is the geographical center of the Siegen-Wittgenstein district ; The Rothaarsteig, which crosses the river about 3 km further north , also runs past there at 592.9  m .

After the young Eder has passed the eastern outskirts of Hilchenbach - Lützel , where the Lützelbach is its first notable tributary, it flows through the Wittgensteiner Land in its upper reaches , where it reaches Erndtebrück and the Bad Berleburg districts of Berghausen and Raumland . The Benfe flows into Erndtebrück from the south, and the Odeborn flows into Raumland from the north . Then, when changing from Westphalia to North Hesse, the river reaches the Waldeck-Frankenberg district. After the confluence of the Elsoff coming from the north , the Eder runs through Hatzfeld , north past the bagpipe in the Hatzfeld forest and in a north-easterly direction to Battenberg .

Middle course

Below Battenberg, where it emerges from the southeastern foothills of the Rothaargebirge, the Eder flows in its middle course through a valley between Breiter Struth in the west and Burgwald and Kellerwald in the east. It runs via Allendorf , where the Linspherbach flows from the north , to Frankenberg , where the Nemphe flows from the south . At Frankenberg- Schreufa the Nuhne joins from the northwest , at Vöhl - Ederbringhausen from the same direction the Orke .

Eder in the Edersee at low water in the reservoir near Asel

The Eder then flows into the western end of the Edersee, which is 28.5 km long at the highest water level . At the start of the reservoir, where the Itter flows in from the north , it makes a right bend around the northern part of the Kellerwald and flows in an easterly direction through the Edersee, above whose eastern end Waldeck Castle rises. Below Frankenberg and in the area of ​​the Edersee, to which the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park connects to the south , the Eder runs through the Kellerwald-Edersee Nature Park .

Lower course

Below or to the east of the Edertalsperre dam, the Eder flows through a river valley in its lower reaches in an easterly direction , in which, among other things, the Affolderner See and some districts of the municipality of Edertal are located. After the breakthrough from the Edersee trough into the Wegaer Ederaue at the Rabensteinpforte near Affoldern , the confluence of the Wilde coming from the southwest and flowing through the Porta Hassiaca ("Hessian Gate"), the narrow valley cut between the Eckerich (southernmost foothills of the Long Forest ) in the north and the Büraberg (northeasternmost mountain spur of the Hessen Forest , and former location of the Büraburg ) in the south, the Edertal in the Schwalm-Eder district expands into the West Hessian Basin .

The towns and communities Fritzlar , Wabern and Felsberg are located on the Eder in this extensive river valley . Below the Eckerich, the Eder flows into the Elbe from the north . East-northeast of Wabern, between the Felsberg districts of Altenburg and Rhünda , flows into the Schwalm (97 km long) coming from the south, the largest and longest Eder tributary. From Felsberg, after which the Ems coming from the west joins, the Eder turns north and reaches the municipality of Edermünde . In the district of Grifte , a little north of the state road  3221 (Grifte - Guxhagen ) from the west, the last tributary of the Eder is the Pilgerbach flowing through the village .

muzzle

The Eder (right) joins the Fulda at Grifte (from the back right to the left)

Finally , in the south of the Kassel Basin natural area , the Eder flows into the Weser source river, coming from the southeast, about 1 km northeast of Grifte and about 2.5 km (as the crow flies) northwest of the center of Guxhagen at about 143  m altitude at Fulda kilometer 45.35 Fulda . The Ederwasser thus overcomes an altitude difference of around 478 m from the source to the mouth.

It is noteworthy that with approximately the same length up to the confluence (Eder: 176.1 km; Fulda: 175.35 km), the Eder has the larger average water flow and there, in contrast to the Fulda, does not change its direction of flow. Against this background, the Eder is the “real” main river of both rivers.

and display information about the image
Elevation profile of the Eder

Hydrology

The catchment area , i.e. the above-ground drained area, the Eder is 3360.966 km². This makes it slightly larger than that of the nominal receiving water Fulda from its source to the mouth of the Eder.

However, the Eder is not so rich in water over long distances. Almost a third of its water comes from the Schwalm 17 km before the confluence with the Fulda .

Outflow at the mouth:

The most accurate picture of the discharge of the Eder at its mouth results from the difference between the Fulda gauges just above and just below the Eder estuary: Grebenau gauges (54.8 km before the union of Fulda and Werra ) and Guntershausen gauges (43.8 km before that union). The difference represents only an additional 29.739 km² beyond the catchment area of ​​the Eder, so a total of 100.088% of the Eder area

Fritzlar gauge:

The mean water discharge at the Eder level in Fritzlar is calculated at the AEO (above-ground catchment area up to the measuring point) of 1,804 km² with MQ (mean discharge volume) = 24.1 m³ / s - corresponding to a mean water discharge donation of MQ = 13.4 l / (s • km²) - indicated. At this point the Schwalm, the largest tributary with 38.6% of the Eder area, has not yet flowed in. Even the water of the Ems (4.3% of the Eder area) is not yet included. The mean value of the lowest water levels (MNQ) is 5.91 m³ / s, the mean value of the highest runoff is 138 m³ / s. These two values ​​are influenced by the operation of the Edertalsperre, which buffers the extremes on both sides of the scale. On March 11, 1981, 313 m³ / s were reached. After the destruction of the Edertalsperre on May 17, 1943, Fritzlar passed about 3600 m³ / s.

Outflow of the Edertalsperre:

At the Affoldern gauge, 5.4 km below the Edertalsperre, around 770 m³ / s flowed off on February 9, 1946. The catchment area of ​​the Eder up to the dam wall of the dam is 1406.05 km² in size, up to a level of 1452 km².

Tributaries

The Eder near Goddelsbach ( Erndtebrück )
The Eder near Frankenberg
Ederbrücke ( Landesstraße  3222) between Alten- and Neuenbrunslar

Of the good 30 m³ of water that reaches the mouth of the Eder per hour, around 9 come from the Schwalm alone, which drains around 1,300 of the 3,360 km² catchment area ( discharge (Mq) around 7 l / (km² • s)), and again just under So much for the three big Rothaargebirge rivers Orke, Nuhne and Odeborn, which together only need around 520 km² (average discharge around 16, with the Odeborn even around 25). Already a little above the Odeborn estuary, the Eder leads around 3.3 m³ at the Müsse gauge in Aue (results in a discharge of about 26 at 125 km² EZG).

The main tributaries of the Eder are:

Notes on the following table: For a better overview and for sorting downstream , hyphens (-) have been inserted in the DGKZ digits after the number 428, which stands for the Eder . The Eder river kilometers - counted upstream - were calculated from the difference between the Eder length of 176.1 km and the "kilometer stone" of the mouth. Rivers that do not flow directly into the Eder but into the Edersee reservoir are marked with an asterisk (*).

→ List of rivers in the Eder river system

Surname location Length
(km) 		EZG
(km²) 		Discharge
( MQ ; l / s) 		Estuary
(Eder- km ) 		Mouth height
( m above sea level ) 		DGKZ
Wahbach Left 6.0 6.717 6.9 506 428-112
Benfe right 11.2 19,446 11.9 475 428-114
Elberndorfer Bach Left 9.0 10.733 13.6 466 428-118
Röspe Left 8.6 37.013 17.7 449 428-12
Chapel Left 7.3 27,443 21.8 430 428-132
Price Village right 6.0 8.506 14.2 420 428-1334
Truffles Left 9.7 16,576 27.1 411 428-134
Altmuehlbach right 5.3 14.459 27.9 409 428-136
Rinther Bach right 6.1 9.12 30.3 403 428-138
Odeborn Left 21.2 85.064 2009, 0 31.3 400 428-14
Grundbach right 5.1 7.507 33.1 399 428-152
Lützelsbach Left 5.6 6.437 34.8 395 428-154
Leisebach right 4.6 12.375 38.7 380 428-156
Arfe Left 5.4 5.401 39.6 377 428-158
Lindenhöferbach right 4.1 12,034 189.8 48.9 349 428-1596
Elsoff Left 19.0 48.925 948.1 50.0 345 428-16
Eifaer Bach right 4.5 7.211 103.3 54.2 342 428-172
Riedgraben Left 7.6 11,319 173.4 69.0 305 428-174
Elbrighhäuser Bach Left 10.8 17.768 321.3 70.5 301 428-176
Nitzelbach Left 10.6 8,397 132.4 73.7 295 428-178
Linspherbach Left 18.3 33.107 565.8 77.0 286 428-18
Hainerbach Left 7.3 10.132 103.7 80.4 280 428-192
Goldbach Left 9.5 13,838 155.8 84.5 273 428-1952
Nemphe right 14.2 38,383 293.5 86.9 270 428-198
Nuhne Left 36.9 156.747 2,661.6 89.3 267 428-2
Lengelbach right 11.4 25.848 209.9 96.3 255 428-32
Orc Left 38.2 278.867 3,844.5 97.5 254 428-4
Lorfe right 11.8 24.281 245.7 101.4 250 428-512
Itter * Left 11.6 76.131 771.3 105.8 247 428-531
Aselbach * Left 6.6 18.103 135.4 112.4 246 428-533
Banferbach * right 7.2 16,383 213.9 115.2 245 428-535
Advertising * Left 13.2 42.263 322.6 122.2 245 428-537
Reiherbach * Left 7.4 27,322 188.9 122.3 245 428-538
Networks Left 12.9 29.04 169.5 134.0 194 428-554
Wesebach right 25.3 63,433 618.2 135.7 191 428-56
Savage right 17.1 51.868 471.4 140.6 183 428-58
Elbe Left 33.7 123.47 731.3 146.2 174 428-6
Schwalm right 97.1 1,298.783 9,044.5 159.5 158 428-8
Ems Left 34.1 146.214 753.3 164.9 151 428-92
Pilgrim stream Left 8.8 25,593 102.2 175.5 145 428-98

Localities

The villages on or near the Eder include, viewed downstream:

on the upper reaches of the Eder:
in North Rhine-Westphalia:

in Hessen (up to the confluence with the Fulda) :

on the middle reaches of the Eder:

on the lower Eder:

Castles and Palaces

Battenberg (center) and the cellar castle (left)

The castles and palaces on or near the Eder include, viewed downstream:
in North Rhine-Westphalia:

in Hessen (up to the confluence with the Fulda) :

Other rivers close to the source

Near the Eder source are in the Rothaar the sources of two other major rivers: Only 3 km southeast springs from the west to the Rhine flowing victory . The Lahn rises another 2.5 km to the south, flowing largely parallel to the Eder to the east in its upper reaches, but then turning to the south-west and flowing into the Rhine.

history

The Eder is mentioned for the first time by the Roman historian Tacitus in 15 AD as Adrana , located in the area of ​​the Chatten , when crossing it near today's Fritzlar the Romans encountered strong resistance from the Chattas as part of the Germanicus campaigns they then destroyed their main town, Mattium .

It has been a gold- bearing river since the Goldbach confluence near the Frankenberg district of Röddenau at the latest . A large part of the gold is fed to the Eder via the Itter from Eisenberg near Korbach , Central Europe's largest gold deposit. The main historical mining sites are located downstream below the Edertalsperre between Affoldern and Fritzlar. In the 14th century, the Teutonic Order operated gold panning on the Eder near Obermöllrich . In the 18th century, ducats were minted from eder gold, which are now a rarity among collectors. The so-called river gold ducats can be recognized by their inscription, e.g. B. SIC FVLG (ent) LITORA ADRANAE AURI FLVAE (= this is how the banks of the gold leading Eder shine). Even today gold finds of around 1 mm in size are still possible.

On the banks of the Eder in Schwarzenau , in the Wittgensteiner Land , the religious movement of the Schwarzenau Brethren arose in August 1708 after a group of eight adults were baptized in the Eder by immersing themselves three times. After emigrating , this Pietist - Anabaptist movement is now particularly widespread in North America.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
  2. ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 25,000
  3. ↑ a b c d Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  4. ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Weser-Ems 2012. Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 141, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 6523 kB).
  5. ↑ The level is immediately above the mouth of the Kappel.
  6. ↑ Discharge values at the Müsse gauge , ELWAS (NRW)
  7. ^ Gerhard Schön: German coin catalog 18th century , (1984), p. 285, no. 149, Hessen-Kassel, Edergolddukat from 1775

literature

  • Gerhard Kalden: Nature experience Edertal. From the source to the mouth. Cognitio Verlag, Niedenstein 2007, ISBN 978-3-932583-25-4 .

Web links

Commons : Eder  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Eder Cycle Route  - travel guide
  • Level at Auhammer on the HLUG side
  • Level at Schmittlotheim on the HLUG side
  • Level at Affoldern on the HLUG side
  • Level at Fritzlar on the HLUG side