Bilstein (Kaufungen Forest)
| Bilstein | ||
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.JPG) View from the southeast from Heiligenberg |
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| height | 641.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | at Großalmerode ; Werra-Meißner-Kreis , Hessen ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Kaufunger Forest | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 17 '7 " N , 9 ° 47' 13" E | |
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| particularities | Bilstein Tower ( AT ) | |
The Bilstein (also called Bielstein ) is 641.2 m above sea level. NHN is the second highest mountain in the Kaufunger Wald after the Hirschberg ( 643.4 m ) . It is located near Großalmerode in the community-free area of the Kaufunger Wald estate in the Werra-Meißner district of Hesse .
On the as natural monument designated basalt of Bilstein dome is the observation tower Bilstein tower with associated, small restaurants ( Bilstein cabin ). They are a popular excursion and hiking destination.
Surname
The name Bilstein can be traced back to the Old High German word bilu , which means "to jump up" or "jump out". The literary historian August Friedrich Christian Vilmar describes the Bilstein in his Idiotikon as a protruding, steeply rising stone. Another interpretation says that the name can be traced back to sharp and steep rocky outcrops and that the altitude is not the cause of the name.
geography
location
The Bilstein rises in the North Hessian Geo-Nature Park Frau-Holle-Land (Werratal.Meißner.Kaufunger Wald) . Its summit is 5 km south of Kleinalmerode , 3.7 km south-south-west of Roßbach , 2.3 km south-south-west of Oberroßbach and 3.2 km west-south-west of Fahrenbach , which are located in the western to southern urban area of Witzenhausen , and 3 km north of the city center from Großalmerode and 5 km northeast of Wickenrode , an eastern district of Helsa .
The north-western neighboring mountain of the Bilstein is the Mühlenstein ( 607.2 m ), with which it is connected by a mountain ridge that is over 600 m high in places. The south-southwest neighbor is the Steinberg (approx. 585 m ). Beyond this is the highest elevation of the Kaufunger Forest, the Hirschberg ( 643.4 m ), to the southeast of the Langenberg ( 565 m ) and to the east the Great Cap ( 572.5 m ).
Natural allocation
The Bilstein belongs in the natural spatial main unit group Osthessisches Bergland (No. 35) and in the main unit Fulda-Werra-Bergland (357) to the natural areas Hinterer Kaufunger Wald (357.72) in the north and Kaufunger Wald-Hochfläche (Vorderer Kaufunger Wald) (357.71) in the south; the border between the two natural areas belonging to the Kaufunger Wald and Söhre subunit (357.7) runs over the summit.
geology
The Bilstein is a basalt breakthrough in the closed red sandstone mountains of the Kaufunger Forest. It originated from volcanic activity around two million years ago. Magma rose from deep crevices and got stuck below the surface of the earth. The magma solidified to form basalt, which was then exposed by weather conditions such as rain , wind and frost . The lower part of the dome consists of basaltic diluvium and a shortened tertiary .
history
The Bilstein was in the uninhabited border area between the Germanic tribes of the Hermunduren , Chatti and Cherusci . Charlemagne declared the Kaufunger Forest with the Bilstein to be a royal forest ( ban forest ). The foresta buchonia was given to the Kaufungen monastery in 1019 by Emperor Heinrich II .
Bilstein Tower
A wooden lookout tower was built on the summit of the Bilstein in 1869 and a refuge was built by the forest management in 1890, which was later expanded into an economic hall.
At the suggestion of magistrate Bernhard Martin, the tower was replaced by the Großalmerode branch of the Niederhessischer Tourismusverein from 1890 to 1891 by a massive new building made of stone and inaugurated on July 5, 1891. On August 6, 1907, Queen Auguste Victoria visited the Bilstein Tower . In 1911 the Bilstein was placed under nature protection. In 1960, a 7 m high steel structure was added to the tower to a height of 20 m in the style of the 1950s.
From the viewing platform of the Bilsteinsturm there is an all-round panorama interrupted by a few treetops . When the weather is clear you can see the Brocken in the Harz Mountains in the northeast and Göttingen in the north . The view to the northwest to the Reinhardswald and the Weser Uplands is partially blocked by the treetops. In a westerly direction the view extends to the Eggegebirge , to the Desenberg near Warburg, to the Habichtswälder Bergland with the Hercules near Kassel and even to the Rothaargebirge . In the southwest you can see the Kellerwald and in the south the Alheimer near Rotenburg an der Fulda . To the southeast, the view of the Rhön is blocked by trees, while the nearby Hohe Meißner in the east-southeast is striking.
Transport links, hiking and sports
You can reach the Bilstein, on whose summit region there are no roads, on forest trails and paths. From Umschwang ( 446 m ), a mountain pass on the national road 563 ( Nieste –Kleinalmerode), the Frau-Holle path runs southeast to the summit. The Herkulesweg leads over the mountain in a west-east direction . South of the Bilstein, between Wickenrode and Großalmerode, the narrow "Kohlenstraße" branches off from Bundesstraße 451 shortly after its highest point ( 445.1 m ), which runs past Gut Giesenhagen in the direction of the mountain. From the Bilstein hikers' car park at the end of the cul-de-sac in the forest , the Großalmerode 6 circular path leads past the Steinberg lakes and over the western slope of the Steinberg near the summit, about 2.2 km north-northeast to the summit. There is also a similar route from the Bilstein hikers' car park , including the Rote Nieste spring near the Steinberg lakes and the 10.5 km long premium hiking trail P14 Bilstein . In addition, the Eder-Gelster-Weg and the Bilsteinrundweg, which starts at Oberroßbach at the end of the dead end road coming from Roßbach, run over the Bilstein .
The mountain is the highest point of the Bilstein Marathon, which has been held since 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
- ↑ Premium hiking trail P14 Bilstein , on naturpark-mkw.de
literature
- Eduard Brauns: Hiking and travel guide through Kurhessen and Waldeck . A. Bernecker Verlag, Melsungen, 1971, p. 397.
- Hermann Nobel: Guessing about historical stones at the Bilsteintum . In: Bulletin of the City of Großalmerode, No. 48, 1994, p. 3.
Web links
- Panoramic view from the Bilstein Tower (labeling of visual targets can be activated), on panorama-photo.net