Reinhardswald
| Reinhardswald | ||
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 View from Hühnerfeldberg in the Kaufunger Wald to Reinhardswald |
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| Highest peak | Staufenberg ( 472.2 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Hessen , Germany | |
| part of | Weserbergland | |
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 30 ' N , 9 ° 34' E | |
 Lower Saxony mountains with the Reinhardswald in the south |
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The Reinhardswald is over 200 km² and up to 472.2 m above sea level. NHN high low mountain range of the Weserbergland in the district of Kassel , North Hesse ( Germany ). 183 km² of this is part of the community-free area Gutsgebiet Reinhardswald .
As a place of legends and legends , like Grimm Fairy Tales shear , and especially by the Sleeping Beauty castle Sababurg the Reinhardswald is nationally known.
geography
location
The Reinhardswald is located in the north of northern Hesse between Kassel and Bad Karlshafen and Hann. Münden and Hofgeismar . In the north and east the forest area joins the Weser and in the southeast and south the Fulda , both rivers here form the border with Lower Saxony . In the west it borders partly on the Esse and in the north-west on the Diemel .
On the other side of the Weser, the Reinhardswald is followed by the Solling in the north, the Kiffing in the northeast and the Bramwald in the east. In the southeast, beyond the Fulda, is the Kaufunger Wald ; Not far away, the Habichtswald rises southwest of the Reinhardswald above the Kassel basin .
Natural allocation
The Mittelgebirgszug forms in the natural environment feature unit group Weser Tether mountains (no. 37) and in the main unit Sollingturm, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (370), the subunit Reinhardswald (370.4). The landscape falls to the south to south-southeast into the subunit Mündener Fulda-Werra-Talung (370.6) and to the east and north into the subunit Weser breakthrough valley (370.3). To the west it falls into the subunit Hofgeismarer Rötsenke (343.4), which belongs to the main unit group West Hessisches Bergland (34) to the main unit West Hessische Senke (343).
mountains
The mountains and elevations and their foothills located in the Reinhardswald include - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level (MSL; unless otherwise specified according to):
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Waters
Immediately to the east of the Reinhardswald flows the Weser , cut deep into the valley , to the southeast the Fulda , which runs just as deeply in the valley, to the west the small Esse and to the northeast the Diemel . The Holzape is the longest watercourse within the low mountain range, through which the Holzkape , Lempe and Osterbach also flow in addition to numerous other streams . There are also many ponds and pools .
Localities
There are only two villages in the Reinhardswald :
- Trendelburg- Gottsbüren
- Hofgeismar- Beberbeck (homestead settlement)
On the edges or near the Reinhardswald are:
- in the north: Bad Karlshafen and Helmarshausen
- in the east Oberweser and Reinhardshagen
- in the southeast of Hann. Münden
- in the west Hombressen
- in the southwest of Immenhausen
A little further away from the Reinhardswald:
- in the west Grebenstein , Hofgeismar and Trendelburg
- in the south of Kassel
description
The Reinhardswald comprises a very extensive, gently undulating, mostly densely forested and for centuries almost uninhabited red sandstone plateau , which rises about 200 to a maximum of 472.2 m high and is slightly inclined to the west. Its two highest mountains, both of which are heavily forested, are called Staufenberg ( 472.2 m ) and Gahrenberg ( 472.1 m ).
With an area of over 200 km², the Reinhardswald is one of the largest forest areas and one of the least populated areas in Germany; within Hesse, it is the largest self-contained forest area in which beech and oak in particular thrive. There are also vast areas of Hutewald or forests.
history
General
The Reinhardswald was once a realm forest. Emperor Heinrich II donated the northern part between the Weser and Diemel to the Helmarshausen Abbey ; the southern part came to the diocese of Paderborn . The first settlements in the region, such as the royal estates Hofgeismar and Herstelle , arose on rivers away from the forest. From there, it came to the first clearing the forest's edge for the purpose of fattening grazing . On the western edge of the Reinhardswald near Mariendorf was the former pottery village and today's deserted Reinersen . In the High Middle Ages, the lords of Schöneberg in the Reinhardswald came to winzenburg feudal rights. In a clearing phase, with the approval of their liege lords, the Counts of Dassel , they created places in the former forest interior. These were Hagenhufendörfer . Because of the disadvantaged situation compared to the earlier settlements and because of the political retreat of the founding territorial lords, they soon fell desolate again . Landgrave Heinrich von Hessen bought his half of the forest from Konrad von Schöneberg in 1305 and Bishop Balduin von Paderborn pledged his part to Hessen in 1355. The forest remained Hessian property after that and became a popular wilderness for the landgraves, especially for Philip the Magnanimous.
In and on the Reinhardswald mining was carried out for centuries . Evidence of lignite mining on Gahrenberg ( underground mining from 1842 to 1970 ) can already be found at the time of Landgrave Wilhelm IV from 1575. Early extraction of alum and silica sand , which in the glassworks of Hann. Münden has been further processed is proven. Around 1592 a trade union was known in Holzhausen. Further evidence of mining is documented from the period between 1611 and 1666.
Extensive hat forests and old farms and homesteads bear witness to the agricultural tradition in the Reinhardswald.
origin of the name
There are several theories about the origin of the name "Reinhardswald". Jacob Grimm listed four possibilities in an essay on the origin of Hessian place names:
- In a deed of donation from Emperor Heinrich II from 1019 , the southern part of the Reinhardswald is donated to the diocese of Paderborn. The forest is described by the villages that surround it. One of these villages is Reginhereshuson , which is now deserted near Mariendorf . In a second document, in which Empress Agnes returned the forest to the Diocese of Paderborn in 1059 , the forest is referred to as foresto Reginhereshuson , from which the name Reinhardswald later emerged. Grimm doubts that a small village gave its name to such a large forest - the opposite is more likely. The name in the document from 1059 is an error that goes back to the document from 1019.
- The name comes from a previous owner called Reginhart, Reinhart or Reinart. However, no such owner has been recorded.
- The names of many forests come from animals, such as B. the Habichtswald or the Spessart (formerly Spechtshart). The name Reinhardswald could therefore come from the fable Reineke Fuchs . However, Grimm cannot find any evidence that the fable was related to the Weser region.
- The explanation preferred by Grimm goes into the individual word components. The syllable "hard" or "hart" already denotes a forest, which makes the third syllable superfluous. The first part, in its old form “ragin”, later “regin” and then “pure”, is a reinforcement and turn the forest into a “big forest”.
Professor Bonnemann described the first theory as the one recognized today.
The spelling of the name varied: Reynhartiswald (1303), Reynerswolt (1304), Reinhartswalt (1304, 1369), Reynerswelt (1312), Reinhardswald (1359).
Say
There are several legends about the origin of the Reinhardswald, of which the two most famous are described here:
- Variant 1: Count Reinhard was a gambler and a drunkard. One night he was playing with the Bishop of Paderborn. After losing all of his money, he put all of his possessions on a game that he lost. He asked the bishop for mercy and the bishop granted him another harvest, after which he sowed acorns. This popular variant is also performed by a theater group.
- Variant 2: Count Reinhard ruled the mighty forest area, densely populated with villages, but was sentenced to death for extortion and robbery. At his request, he was allowed to order and harvest the hats again. After the destruction of the villages, he cunningly sown the farmers' fields with acorns, the fruits of which only ripened after he had long since died. This is how the Reinhardswald came into being.
The Judenbaum in Reinhardswald
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff could have been inspired by the so-called Judenbaum for her novella Die Judenbuche (1842). At least that is suggested by the memorial plaque that was put up at the location of the now dead tree in 2003. A Jewish trader is said to have been murdered there in 1668. Since then, the oak (i.e. not a beech) standing there was known as the Jewish tree . On the one hand, the fact that she had traveled to Reinhardswald speaks for the fact that the writer was also inspired by this tree. On the other hand, it speaks for the fact that at that time there was a forester named Friedrich Mergell and another named Carl Friedrich Mergell in the villages of the Reinhardswald. The resemblance to the name of the main character of the Jewish beech , Friedrich Mergel, can hardly be accidental.
Sightseeing and cultural
The most famous excursion destination in the Reinhardswald is the "Sleeping Beauty Castle" Sababurg with the Sababurg zoo and the nature reserve Urwald Sababurg , which lies between the park and Beberbeck . Near Trendelburg are the cloudbursts at Trendelburg and the former moated castle Wülmersen . At the northern edge of the forest landscape, Bad Karlshafen and the Krukenburg are worth a visit . Knickhagen Castle once stood on the southern roof .
The court oak Gahrenberg with a chest height of 7.54 m (2014) stands in a small forest clearing.
FriedWald Reinhardswald
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Within the Reinhardswald, in the Reinhardswald estate district , the FriedWald ® Reinhardswald has been the first German funeral forest since its opening on November 1st, 2001 . It is located northwest of the Staufenberg in the Staufenberger Bruch on both sides of the Waldstrasse . The creation of the 116 hectare forest cemetery is thanks to the initiative of the forester and conservationist Hermann-Josef Rapp . Burials take place in the root area of trees - up to 10 death bags per tree. Any grave maintenance is prohibited. A special feature of the natural forest cemetery is its hut forest areas.
Traffic and walking
The Fulda valley, located south of the Rheinhardswald, runs between Kassel and Hann. Münden the federal highway 3 , through the east and north located Wesertal between Hann. Münden and Bad Karlshafen take federal road 80 and through the Hofgeismarer Rötsenke to the west between Kassel and Bad Karlshafen federal road 83 . Landesstraße 3232 branches off from the B 3 at Simmershausen in the south . It runs northwards through Rothwesten and Holzhausen into the Reinhardswald, where it ends at the L 3229 leading from Hofgeismar through Carlsdorf , Udenhausen and Mariendorf in a west-east direction through the forest to Veckerhagen .
A little north of the end of the road , the forest road begins on the L 3229 and runs northwards through the southern central part of the Reinhardswald; FriedWald Reinhardswald lies on both sides of the road . The narrow road ends near the Sababurg at the short Kreisstraße 56.The latter meets northwest below the castle near the zoo Sababurg on the B 83 coming from Hofgeismar in the southwest, passing the Beberbeck farmstead and touching the Sababurg primeval forest and the park K 55. At the park, the K 55 bends to the north-north-west and leads through the northern central part of the Reinhardswald to Gottsbüren. There the road ends at the L 763 running from Trendelburg in the Essetal on the B 83 through Friedrichsfeld and Gottsbüren in a west-south-west-east-north-east direction through the forest to Gieselwerder in the Weser valley on the B 80.
Near the northeast exit of Gottsbüren, the K 75 branches off the L 763, which leads through the northern part of the Reinhardswald and ends at the K 76. This connects Helmarshausen, which is near the end of the road, on the B 83 in the Diemeltal in the west with the B 80 in the Wesertal in the east; near the eastern end of the K 76 is Gewissenruh in the Weser valley .
If you cross the Reinhardswald in a south-north direction from Holzhausen through Gottsbüren to Helmarshausen (on the L 3232, the L 3229, the Waldstrasse , the K 56 and K 55, the L 763, the K 75 and K 76) about 38 km on narrow roads in many places, which are mostly straight, especially in the south of the landscape. In the northern central part, you pass the Sababurg, the Bensdorf forester's house, the Bensdorf farm, two farmers, the Auf dem Gleichen settlement slightly off the road , and you pass through the village of Gottsbüren.
Sections of the Sleeping Beauty Route of the German Fairy Tale Route run partially past and through the Reinhardswald : immediately southeast along the forest landscape in the Weser Valley as part of the B 80 between Hann. Münden and Veckerhagen, from there through their southern central part to the Sababurg zoo as part of the Waldstraße and K 56, then through the western areas of the forest as part of the K 55, K 58 and L 763 through Friedrichsfeld to Trendelburg and then in the Diemeltal Bad Karlshafen. Between Hann. The Reinhardswald detour along the Weser Renaissance road runs through Münden and Uslar .
There are many parking spaces for hikers in the Reinhardswald . There are mostly information boards on flora and fauna or the history of the forest landscape. There are many ways to hike through the forest. Sections of the Frau-Holle -pfad , Märchenlandweg and Wildbahn and also the Reinhardswald-Westweg and -Ostweg lead through it. There are also several educational trails : Eco path for cultural history in Knickhagen-Wilhelmshausen , Eco path for mining in Holzhausen Reinhardswald , Eco path for cultural history in Ahlberg-Mariendorf , Eco path for pilgrims' paths to the pilgrimage site of Gottsbüren , Eco path for castles, museums, water in Gieselwerder and Eco path for archeology in Sieburg . Bicycle tours are possible, for example, on the Reinhardswaldradweg or along the Holzape .
Dispute over wind power
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Since around 2013, conservationists and residents have been criticizing the plans pursued in the course of the energy transition to open up Reinhardswald to wind turbines . In 2014, 16 citizens' initiatives and nature conservation associations appealed to politics and business in a joint declaration: "Keep the landscape of the Kaufunger Wald and Reinhardswald free of wind turbines!" The background was that this year the regional plan for North Hesse in the Reinhardswald state forest provided for wind priority areas in the order of magnitude of around 100 wind turbines.
As the plans became more concrete, it received a lot of attention in the national media. “Grimm's fairytale forest is falling victim to the energy turnaround”, headlined the newspaper DIE WELT on July 24, 2018. The ZDF program Frontal 21 also reported on the project in Reinhardswald under the heading “Clearing forests for wind power”.
Despite the protests that went on for years, the operating company Windpark Reinhardswald GmbH signed the delivery of 20 Vestas V150 wind turbines with the wind turbine manufacturer Vestas in May 2019. The citizens' initiative Oberweser Bramwald eV and the association Rettet den Reinhardswald continue to fight for their goal of keeping the Reinhardswald free of wind farms. The organizations argue with the threat to birds, bats and other animals as well as the compaction of the soil through foundations, access roads and platforms for setting up the systems. Overall, the ecosystem is permanently disturbed. The arguments of the operating company and the approving authorities in favor of the wind farm in Reinhardswald are rejected by the citizens' initiatives as "greenwashing"; the reference to the important climate protection is misused out of “greed for profit”. The mayor of Oberweser, Cornelius Turrey (SPD), also fears tourism in his place.
Trivia
Stamp
The German postal brings a stamp since 2017 Reinhardswald out to € 0.90.
Film documentaries
- The tree of trees. Mysterious journey into the world of oaks , German TV documentary by Herbert Ostwald , Germany 2004, 75 minutes (the focus is on old hatched oaks from the Reinhardswald)
- Reinhardswald , TV documentary by Simone Jung, Germany 2005 (the film gives an insight into the lives of some people who live in the forest and from wood; Sababurg and its restoration is also an issue)
- Experience Hessen: Under the spell of the Reinhardswald , TV documentary, hr (44:06 min.), 2015, on hr-online.de
- Ground monuments in the Reinhardswald 2015-07-24 hr, hessenschau 3:08 min - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilYFyzSXNJM
- When forest is cleared for wind turbines . ZDF broadcast Frontal 21 , July 24, 2018 / youtube.com
- Driven hunt Reinhardswald 2016 Hessen - K&K Premium Jagd https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lrr6lnnfIfw&pbjreload=10
literature
- The Reinhardswald and Bramwald and adjacent areas. Augustine's Travel Guides (No. 4). Kassel (no year, around 1920)
- Alfred Bonnemann: The Reinhardswald . Verlag der Weserbuchhandlung, Hann. Münden 1984
- Eberhard Michael Iba: Legends and stories from Northern Hesse - From Weser, Diemel and Fulda . 7th edition. CW Niemeyer Buchverlage, Hameln 1998, ISBN 978-3-8271-9134-2
- Hermann-Josef Rapp (Ed.): Reinhardswald - A cultural history . Euregio, Kassel 2002, ISBN 3-933617-12-X
Web links
- Märchenland Reinhardswald on reinhardswald.de
- Waldmenschen von Reinhardswald - The loneliest voters in the country . Spiegel Online , January 16, 2009
- Literature about Reinhardswald in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
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^
Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB);
Note: The Hofgeismarer Rötsenke is indicated here with No. 343.0. -
^
Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB);
Note: The Hofgeismarer Rötsenke is shown here with No. 343.4. - ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
- ↑ Hiking and leisure in the Solling-Vogler Nature Park , Topographische Karte (1: 50,000; 1975), Ed .: Lower Saxony State Administration Office - State survey
- ^ Eco path Archeology Sieburg , on eco-pfade.de
- ↑ Leisure map of the Habichtswald / Reinhardswald Nature Park (TF 50-HR; 1: 50,000; 2003), publisher: Hessisch-Waldeckischer Gebirgs- und Heimatverein e. V. and Hessian Land Surveying Office, ISBN 3-89446-319-8
- ↑ Westphalian magazine . Volume 90, 1934, p. 172, Association for the History and Archeology of Westphalia, on books.google.de
- ^ Albert Fraustadt : History of the Schoenberg family Meissnischen tribe . Volume 1. 1869, p. 566 f, on books.google.de
- ^ Friedrich Pfaff: History of the city Hofgeismar . Self-published by the city of Hofgeismar (ed.), 1938, p. 34
- ↑ Andreas Reuschel: Hagenhufensiedlungen or "Hägerhufensiedlungen" in the Ithbörde? (PDF; 4.93 MB) 2010, p. 60 f, on hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de
- ↑ Andreas Reuschel: Hagenhufensiedlungen or "Hägerhufensiedlungen" in the Ithbörde? (PDF; 4.93 MB) 2010, p. 244, on hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de
- ↑ Clemens Dasler: Forst und Wildbann in the early German Empire , 2001, p. 171, on books.google.de
- ^ Jacob Grimm, 1840, About Hessian Place Names , Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies 2, p. 142ff
- ^ Alfred Bonnemann: Der Reinhardswald , Verlag der Weserbuchhandlung, Hann. Münden, 1984, 2nd edition: Self-published in the Reinhardswald forest estate district, 2016
- ^ Oskar Hütteroth, Die Reinhardswalddörfer Holzhausen, Knickhagen, Wilhelmshausen in the past and present , 1911
- ^ Court oak Gahrenberg in Reinhardswald near Holzhausen in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved October 28, 2016
- ↑ a b Der FriedWald Reinhardswald , on friedwald.de
- ↑ nabu-hofgeismar.de
- ↑ Hessian Landtag, September 5, 2014. (PDF)
- ↑ Güven Purtul: Grimms Märchenwald becomes a victim of the energy transition, in: DIE WELT of July 24, 2018. URL: https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/plus179837848/Hessen-erlaubt-Bau-von-Windkraftanlagen-in-Grimms -Maerchenwald.html ( accessed July 27, 2019).
- ↑ Report in the Hessische Niedersächsische Allgemeine from July 25, 2018. URL: https://www.hna.de/lokales/hofgeismar/vorwuerfe-gegen-rp-bei-berichten-ueber-windkraft-im-reinhardswald-10063930.html (Accessed July 27, 2019).
- ↑ Press release of the operating company from May 15, 2019. URL: https://www.wp-reinhardswald.de/aktuell/news/ein-wichtiger-meilenstein-fuer-den-windpark/ (accessed July 27, 2019).
- ↑ See the websites of the said nature conservation associations: https://www.buergerinitiative-oberweser-bramwald.de/ , https://rettet-den-reinhardswald.de/
- ↑ So literally at Rettet den Reinhardswald : https://rettet-den-reinhardswald.de/ (accessed July 27, 2019)
- ↑ Contribution to the ZDF broadcast Drehscheibe on July 11, 2019. URL: https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/drehscheibe/windraeder-im-reinhardswald-102.html (accessed July 27, 2019).
- ↑ Reinhardswald, postage stamp for € 0.90