West Hessian mountainous region

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

West Hessisches Bergland , also West Hessisches Berg- und Senkenland , is the name for a richly wooded low mountain range, mostly located in Hesse , between the parts of the Rhenish Slate Mountains on the right bank of the Rhine in the west, the Lower Saxony mountain region in the north, the East Hessian mountainous region in the east and the Wetterau in the south.

The West Hessian Uplands represent a major group of units (34) in natural space and are part of the Central European low mountain range as well as the Rhine-Weser watershed .

The Hessian Upland , which combines the West and East Hessian Uplands, corresponds to the geological structural unit of the Hessian Depression in the broader sense, since geologically younger layers of the Zechstein and the Buntsandstein , and in places even younger rocks of the shell limestone , the lower Jura and the Tertiary have been preserved.

Natural structure

The three-digit main units of the West Hessian mountain and sink country (main unit group 34) were mapped in the context of the individual parts of the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany in 1954 on a scale of 1: 1,000,000, described in 1957 in the 5th delivery and in 1960 in a provisionally final mapping changed once. The detailed breakdown of 1: 200,000 was made for the south on sheet 125 Marburg in 1960, for the north on sheet 111 Arolsen in 1963 and for the somewhat smaller north-east on sheet 112 Kassel in 1969. Very small marginal portions are in the extreme north on sheet 98 Detmold (1959) and sheet 99 Göttingen (1963), in the extreme east on sheet 126 Fulda (1969) and in the extreme south on sheet 139 Frankfurt (1967).

Martin Bürgener, author of sheet 111 Arolsen, adheres to the numbering of the manual, but makes it explicitly clear that, in his opinion, the Kellerwald (344) as part of the Rhenish Slate Mountains is naturally part of the Süderbergland (33), while he counts the Warburger Börde (360), into which the Ostwaldecker Randsenken (341) run out to the north, to the West Hessian mountain and sink country and not to the Upper Weserbergland (36).

The parts located in Hesse were compared again in 1988 by Otto Klausing, who in 1967 was the author of sheet 161 Darmstadt , which is not relevant here , in the book The Hessian Natural Spaces ; In particular, standardization was sought when neighboring sheets did not match exactly, and one of the alternative unit names was declared binding.

A distinction is made between the following natural main units (three-digit code) and the next finer units (one decimal place):

Landscape characteristics

The tectonics of the Upper Rhine Graben , which continues on the eastern edge of the Rhenish Slate Mountains as far as the Upper Weser Uplands, formed a mountain and depression region here, which merges into the more volcanically shaped Eastern Hessian Uplands beyond its eastern peripheral depression , the West Hessian depression . The mountain ranges do not reach the extreme peaks of the mountain ranges adjoining to the west and east.

If the two more montane parts of this low mountain range reach heights of up to 675.3  m ( Kellerwald ) and 614.8  m ( Habichtswald ), the typical mountain ranges remain at peak heights of around 400  m . Between the mountain ranges exist z. Sometimes larger river valleys and valleys that go below 200  m .

Location of the individual main units

The up to 614.8  m high Habichtswälder Bergland in the north is separated to the west by the Ostwaldecker peripheral depressions (up to 523.1  m ) from the Waldecker Tafel , which is usually between 400 and 500  m high in the summit, and directly to the south of the up to 675 , 3  m high basement forest adjoins. The latter merges in a southerly direction into two mountain ranges, each in peak positions, usually 400  m high, namely the Burgwald (south-west) and the Upper Hessian threshold (south).

South of the Burgwald follow in the West Marburg - Giessen Lahntal (the Lahnbergen to 379.4  m high) and in the east the flat, only at the singularity Amöneburg approximately 365  m reach Amöneburg Basin , the south turn by up to 406 8  m high ( Lumda plateau ) Vorderen Vogelsberg continues. In the far east, in addition to almost all of the mountain ranges mentioned, runs the West Hessian Depression , which follows the valleys of Schwalm (south) and Eder (north).

The north of the Burgwald , the southwest of the Kellerwald and the Upper Hessian Threshold connect the Rothaargebirge with the Vogelsberg as part of the Rhine-Weser watershed .

The many depressions in the West Hessian mountain and depression region led to the formation of loess soils , which is why arable landscapes predominate here.

mountains

The mountains and elevations of the West Hessian mountainous region include - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea ​​level (NHN; unless otherwise stated according to):

Rivers

The main rivers of the West Hessian mountainous region are the rivers Diemel (only right tributaries, north), Eder (middle) and Lahn (only left tributaries and river valley, south) coming from the west, from the Rothaargebirge . While the two rivers of the Weser river system in the extreme northeast (Diemel) and east (Eder) flow into the West Hessian Depression, the Lahn leaves the mountainous region in the extreme southwest into the Rhenish Slate Mountains after a semicircular course .

Right tributaries of the Wetter , a tributary of the Nidda and thus already part of the river system of the Main , in the Vorderen Vogelsberg in the extreme south, have only a minimal share . In addition, just below the mouth of the Eder, a few left tributaries of the Fulda flow from the Habichtswälder Bergland in the northeast into the Fulda itself.

Important rivers

The most important rivers of the West Hessian mountainous region are listed below, from north to south and internally downriver, i.e. mostly from west to east.
For a better overview or for sorting downstream, depending on the river system, hyphens have been inserted in the DGKZ numbers after the numbers 44 -  Diemel , 428 -  Eder , 24 -  Fulda , 258 -  Lahn and 2484 -  Wetter .
Natural areas in italics are outside the West Hessian mountainous region, catchment areas and runoffs in italics only contain part of the actual value (see footnotes below the table)!

Surname Main
river		 Length
( km ) 		EZG
( km² ) 		Discharge
( MQ ; l / s ) 		Headwaters
(of tributaries) 		Main
units		 DGKZ
Glinde Diemel (r) 8.4 35.3 Waldecker fields 340 44-32
Orpe Diemel (r) 19.1 98.1 774.2 Waldecker table 340 44-34
Twist *** Diemel (r) 40.8 446.7 2,685.9 East Sauerland mountain range
( Waldecker Tafel ;
Habichtswald - r) 		332
(340;
342 - r) 		44-4
Calenberger Bach ( Holsterbach ) *** Diemel (r) 9.1 34.0 88.7 Habichtswald 342 44-52
Warmth Diemel (r) 33.1 157.3 1,321.4 Habichtswald 342 44-6
Eat Diemel (r) 27.6 191.9 1,187.8 West Hessian valley 343 44-8
Itter * Eder (l) 11.6 76.1 771.3 Waldecker Gefilde
( East Sauerland mountain range ) 		340
( 332 ) 		428-531
Aselbach * Eder (l) 6.6 18.1 135.4 Waldecker fields 340 428-533
Advertising * Eder (l) 13.2 42.3 322.6 Waldecker table 340 428-537
Reiherbach * Eder (l) 7.4 27.3 188.9 Waldecker table 340 428-538
Networks Eder (l) 12.9 29.0 169.5 Waldecker table 340 428-554
Elbe Eder (l) 33, 123.5 731.3 Waldecker Waldl
( Habichtswald ) 		340
(342) 		428-6
Ems Eder (l) 34.1 146.2 753.3 Habichtswald 342 428-92
Pilgrim stream Eder (l) 8.8 25.6 102.2 Habichtswald 342 428-98
Bauna Fulda (l) 17.2 47.4 333.8 Habichtswald 342 42-92
Grunnelbach Fulda (l) 9.2 24.1 150.0 Habichtswald 342 42-94
Drusel ** Fulda (l) 11.4 11.0 96.4 Habichtswald 342 42-952
Ancestor ** Fulda (l) 21.4 21.1 295.5 Habichtswald 342 42-958
aspen Fulda (l) 8.6 24.3 159.5 Habichtswald 342 42-992
Nemphe Eder (r) 14.2 38.4 293.5 North. Burgwald 345 428-198
Lengelbach Eder (r) 11.4 25.9 209.9 North. Burgwald
( Kellerwald - r) 		345
(344) 		428-32
Lorfe Eder (r) 11.8 24.3 245.7 Kellerwald 344 428-512
Banferbach * Eder (r) 7.2 16.4 213.9 Kellerwald 344 428-535
Wesebach Eder (r) 25.3 63.4 618.2 Kellerwald 344 428-56
Savage Eder (r) 17.1 51.9 471.4 Kellerwald 344 428-58
Schwalm Eder (r) 97.1 1,298.8 9,044.5 Vogelsberg
( Fulda-Haune-Tafelland , Knüll - r;
Oberh. Schwelle , Kellerwald - l) 		350/1
( 355, 356 - r;
346, 344 - l) 		428-8
Wetschaft Lahn (l) 29.0 196.2 1,701.6 North. Burgwald
( East Sauerland Mountains Edge , Rothaar Mountains - r) 		345
( 332, 333 ) 		258-18
ohm Lahn (l) 59.7 983.8 7,949.8 Vogelsberg
( Oberh. Schwelle , Kellerwald , Burgwald - r;
Vorderer Vogelsberg - l) 		350/1
(346, 344, 345 - r;
349 - l) 		258-2
Zwester Ohm Lahn (l) 20.0 69.5 405.2 Front Vogelsberg 349 258-334
Lumda Lahn (l) 30.0 131.5 950.4 Front Vogelsberg 349 258-36
Wieseck Lahn (l) 24.3 119.6 663.5 Front Vogelsberg 349 258-38
Kleebach Lahn (l) 26.9 164.6 815.9 Eastern Hintertaunus
( Vorderer Vogelsberg - r) 		302
(349) 		258-396
volume up Weather (r) 7.0 13.6 126.2 Front Vogelsberg 349 2484-14
Äschersbach Weather (r) 13.6 42.9 325.3 Front Vogelsberg 349 2484-2

* Edersee tributaries
** Catchment area and runoff somewhat larger than the information in the table, as the lower reaches are combined with Fulda sections;
*** Discharge value without estuary in North Rhine-Westphalia

Schwalm and Ohm

The two rivers of the table, Schwalm and Ohm , which are by far the longest and richest in water , play a special role. They both arise in the Vogelsberg , which the Ohm leaves after about 45% of its total length and 27% of its catchment area with about 35% of its water volume (see also here ). The Schwalm in turn leaves the Vogelsberg noticeably earlier, but on the right-hand side up to its confluence , about half of its water volume is fed by rivers from the East Hessian mountainous region .

Since the river systems of both rivers drain several main units, they more or less play the role of main rivers.

From the left into the Schwalm u. a. the following rivers running in the West Hessian mountains:

Notable tributaries of the middle and lower reaches of the Ohm are:

Other rivers that cross borders with nature are the Twiste in the northwest, the Kleebach in the southwest and the Wetschaft in the west.

So the Wetschaft, which drains the Burgwald itself and on the left, receives at the mouth of the Treisbach (r, 16.8 km, 68.2 km²) coming from the Rothaargebirge (r, 16.8 km, 68.2 km²) with 810 l / s more water than it itself leads there (666.2 l / s), although at that point it was already fed on the right side from the eastern Sauerland mountain range .

The Kleebach in turn draws most of its water from the eastern Hintertaunus and only via the Lückenbach coming from the right (12.0 km, 38.9 km², 139.7 km) some water from the Vorderen Vogelsberg.

On the other hand, the Twiste springs just under in the East Sauerland mountain range, but, apart from this source region, receives all of its water from the West Hessian mountains. Even the Itter in the north west flows only a little water from the eastern slopes of that mountain edge.

Standing water

The Edersee is by far the most important and largest standing water in the West Hessian mountainous region. Further lakes and reservoirs can be found in the table below:

Surname Dammed
river		 Area
( ha ) 		Catchment area
( km² ) 		Discharge
( MQ ; l / s ) 		Height
( m above sea level ) 		location Main
units
Edersee Eder 11,800 1,406.1 21,795.4 245 Kellerwald 344
Affolderner See Eder 165 1.452.4 22,104.5 204 Ostwaldecker peripheral depressions 341
Twist lake Twist 76 125.3 828.6 210 Waldeck Forest 340
Drift dam Drive 31 61.6 674.0 281 Northern Vogelsberg foreland 346
Borkener See (not applicable) 139 3.5 177 West Hessian valley 343
Singliser See (not applicable) 74 185 West Hessian valley 343

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dierck Henningsen: Introduction to the geology of the Federal Republic of Germany . 3. Edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-432-88513-X , p. 49-54 .
  2. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  3. ^ Gerhard Sandner: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 125 Marburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. →  Online map (PDF; 4.9 MB)
  4. ↑ a b c d Martin Bürgener: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 111 Arolsen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  5. ^ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. →  Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
  6. ^ Sofie Meisel: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 98 Detmold. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. →  Online map (PDF; 5.4 MB)
  7. ^ Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  8. ↑ Werner Röll: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 126 Fulda. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. →  Online map (PDF; 4.2 MB)
  9. ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 139 Frankfurt a. M. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.9 MB)
  10. ↑ Map and legend of the natural areas of Hesse (online copy of Die Naturraum Hessens , Otto Klausing 1988) in the Hessen Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology
  11. ↑ For inconsistent numbering, please note the corresponding section in the Warburger Börde article !
  12. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  13. ↑ Mountain height - according to unknown / not researched source
  14. ↑ a b Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  15. ↑ a b c Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )

General sources

Web links