Löwensteiner reason
Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 24 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 30 ″ E
The Löwensteiner Grund is an almost woodless, intensively agriculturally used basin landscape in the Schwalm-Eder district in the southwest of North Hesse . It is bounded to the west by the southern Kellerwald and north to east by parts of the Hessenwald .
The heartland of the Löwensteiner Grund lies on the Schwalm and immediately to the left (= west) of this from Gilsa in the south via Niederurff and Bad Zwesten to the Schwalmpforte near Kerstenhausen in the northeast.
The Löwensteiner Grund natural area also includes the so-called Gilsagrund , which stretches from Gilsa, upstream of the Gilsa , via Jesberg to Densberg to the southwest and flanked the desert garden , at 675 m, the highest mountain in the Kellerwald, to the southeast.
Surname
The country name Löwensteiner reason stems from the noble family of the von Lowenstein and they built Castle Lowenstein at Oberurff-Schiffelborn , only the partially reconstructed from today castle ruins there and their as a lookout tower restored keep it a remarkable view over the Löwensteiner reason the Schwalmpforte and the eastern part of the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park .
geography
Natural allocation and extent
The today with Löwensteiner basic designated natural area is 38.09 square kilometers and part of the main unit group West Hessian mountains and valleys country (code 34), whose members include the surrounding landscapes. In the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany at the end of the 1950s it was still seen as part of the West Hessian Depression (main unit 343) and in the Marburg sheet from 1960 with the natural area called today, Landsburger Grund , under its current name, but under the code number of today's Landsberger Grund ( 343.11) summarized.
However, since the Arolsen sheet of 1963, which contains most of the landscape ( only the extreme southwest is on the Marburg sheet ), the Löwensteiner Grund has been assigned to the Ostwaldecker Randsenken (main unit 341) under code number 341.7 , the southernmost part of which it represents.
Its boundaries are, clockwise, starting in the south, the Gilserberger heights (346.0; at the Hundskopf 471 m ) in the (more western) south, the Kellerwald (main unit 344) with Jeust and Keller (344.00; at the Wüstegarten 675 m ) and the Löwensteiner Mountains (344.01; up to 447 m ) in the west and the Hessenwald (344.6) with its heartland (up to 413 m ) in the north, the Schwalmpforte (around 180 m ) in the northeast and the Altenburg sandstone ridge (on the Altenburg 433 m ) in the east. The entrance to the Schwalm from Landsburger Grund in the east south is about 200 m .
places
The Löwensteiner Grund extends from Kerstenhausen and Betzigerode in the north to Bischhausen and Reptich in the south; from there, the south-west foothills of the Gilsagrund stretches along the Gilsa valley via Jesberg and Densberg to the foot of the Schönstein castle ruins . The largest and most economically important place in the Grund is Bad Zwesten . In addition to these locations, there are also Oberurff-Schiffelborn , Niederurff and Gilsa in the Löwensteiner Grund.
Waters
The Löwensteiner Grund accompanies the Schwalm , which enters at a height of around 200 m near Bischhausen in the south and leaves the landscape at around 180 m in the northwest. From the left (= west) the tributaries Gilsa (near Gilsa ), Urff (below Niederurffs ) and Wälzebach (below Bad Zwemmen ) flow into the bottom one after the other .
The Schwalm enters the valley near Bischhausen and always flows close to the eastern edge of the valley level at the foot of the western slopes of Hohenbühl (299 m) and Altenburg (433 m) northwards, turns around the Altenburg to the east and occurs east of Kerstenhausen through the Schwalmpforte between Hundsburg (335 m) and Kuhberg (343 m) into the Schwalmaue .
The Gilsa enters the southwestern foothills of the Gilsagrund near the Schönstein castle ruins and forms a dividing depression between the Kellerwald with the desert garden ( 675 m ) in the north and the Gilserberger heights with the Hundskopf ( 471 m ) in the south. It flows around the Schönsteiner Castle Hill clockwise and then flows east-northeast by Densberg, Jesberg, Reptich and Gilsa to finally at Bischhausen in the Schwalm to open .
In its middle course, in the southeast of the Kellerwald, the Urff forms the border between the natural areas Jeust and Keller with the desert garden in the south and the Löwenstein mountains (up to 447 m ) in the north. It enters the Löwensteiner Grund immediately south of the Löwenstein castle ruins ( 341 m ) near Oberurff-Schiffelborn and flows into the Schwalm below and east of Niederurff.
Geology and soil
The actual Löwensteiner reason is, unlike most of the Ostwald Ecker edge lowering engaging Wolfshagener Basin , a geological structure area of eastern Waldecker plaice , the Arolsen-Schlierbacher plaice of the north to the Hesse Forest subsequent Waldecker forest . This stretches from the Grund even further south to the Neustädter Sattel and occupies the east of the Gilserberger Heights .
On the other hand, the Gilsagrund is bordered to the north and south by mountain ranges, which geologically belong to the Kellerwald , although the Hemberg, which adjoins it to the south , is already part of the Gilserberger heights. This area belongs to the southern basement forest structure .
The geological foundation of both parts of the landscape is made up of floating earth with clay and silt . The sand and gravel terraces are often covered with loess loam and particularly fertile in the actual Löwensteiner Grund, which is why they are also used intensively for arable farming. The Gilsagrund, where grassland predominates, is more humid.
In the western north, from Oberurff to Bad Zwesten, the Zechstein belt stretches to the east, flanking the Kellerwald , which narrows to the northwest and continues along the junction between Hessen and Kellerwald. In the south it is interrupted to the south of Oberurff, but outside the Löwensteiner Grund it extends in individual islands around the Hemberg to Gilserberg .
In the area of the actual Löwensteiner Grund, immediately west of the Schwalmaue to the south of Zwestern, is island-like, embedded in the flowing earth, Middle Buntsandstein . In the Gilsagrund, the floating earth is interrupted by islands of rocks from the Upper Devonian, which around Densberg and further south-west - and thus beyond the Gilsagrund - becomes bedrock. It is also the main rock of the parts of the Hessen Forest that frame the natural area to the east and north.
History
The old trade route led through the Schwalmpforte and the Löwensteiner Grund from Kassel via Fritzlar to Marburg and from there to Frankfurt ; today the federal highway 3 runs here . The route was ruled and protected in the Middle Ages by the castles Löwenstein, Niederurff and Jesberg , although there was not always harmony between the lords of the castles and their respective liege lords. Landlords and castle lords in Löwensteiner Grund were among others the lords of Bischofshausen / Bischhausen / Löwenstein, von Urff , von Linsingen and von Gilsa , and the feudal lordship lay partly with the Hessian Landgraves , partly with Kurmainz , partly with the Counts of Waldeck and partly with the Counts of Ziegenhain .
Individual evidence
- ↑ The tower is freely accessible to the public.
- ↑ a b Map and legend of the natural areas in the area of the West Hessian Basin in the Hesse Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology - Attention: Web links without return!
- ↑ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, 4./5. Delivery Remagen 1957 (a total of 9 deliveries in 8 books 1953-1962, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960)
- ↑ a b Geographical survey of the country: The natural units on sheet 111 Arolsen (Martin Bürgener) and sheet 125 - Marburg (Gerhard Sandner 1960) - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963 (→ maps )
- ↑ Interactive map and legend on the geological structure of Hesse in the Hesse Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology
- ↑ Geological Map of Hesse (RTC 300) , Hessian Agency for Environment and Geology (PDF; 28 KB)
Web links
- Natural area maps from single sheets 1: 200,000 of the Federal Institute for Regional Studies - the Löwensteiner Grund is 341.7 on sheet 111 - Arolsen ; its south-west arm Gilsagrund is still referred to as "343.11" on sheet 125 - Marburg (only the western part of this code number near Densberg and Jesberg)