Ohm (flux)
The Ohm is a 59.8 km long, southeastern and orographically left tributary of the Lahn in the Vogelsbergkreis and Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Central Hesse ( Germany ).
geography
course
The Ohm rises in the Vogelsberg east of Ulrichstein on the western flank of the 607.4 m above sea level. NHN high head at about 577 m height.
From its source it flows in a westerly direction through Ulrichstein and Ober-Seibertenrod . Here it directs its course in a northeasterly direction. After passing Unter-Seibertenrod , it reaches the municipality of Mücke and flows through the villages of Ober-Ohmen , Ruppertenrod and Wettsaasen . The Seenbach flows on the left between Kirschgarten and Nieder-Ohmen .
From here on the Ohm flows in a northerly direction via Nieder-Ohmen and reaches the municipality of Gemünden near Burg- Gemünden . At Nieder-Gemünden the Ohm picks up the Felda flowing in from the right and turns its course again to the northwest. From here to Homberg , the Ohm has hardly any gradient.
Homberg is reached after a few kilometers, the town is elevated on the right side of the river. The 295 m high Schlossberg in the city area forces the Ohm to form a striking arch. The Ohm still flows here at a height of about 210 m . Through Ober-Ofleiden , where there is a gauge from the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology , and past Nieder-Ofleiden , the Ohm continues on its way in a north-easterly direction. It flows through the urban area of Stadtallendorf near Schweinsberg . Here the course of the Ohm splits, to the left of today's main river the Alte Ohm flows , which only reunites with the Ohm at Amöneburg . From Schweinsberg to the mouth, the Ohm has hardly any gradient, it flows through the Amöneburg Basin .
Between Rüdigheim and Amöneburg the Ohm (Alte Ohm) takes up the Rulfbach on the left. It then flows around the 365 m high basalt dome of the Amöneburg over the left bank. Here the Ohm picks up the Klein coming from Stadtallendorf-Niederklein on the right and passes Kirchhain , where the Wohra flows into it on the right.
Between Amöneburg, Kirchhain, Groß- , Kleinseelheim and Niederwald , the Ohm runs through the flood retention basin Kirchhain / Ohm and picks up the litter coming from the left . In the further course Schönbach is on the left, Anzefahr on the right of the river. Between Anzefahr and Bürgeln , the Ohm at the Hainmühle passes a second level. In Bürgeln the Ohm reaches the urban area of Cölbe .
Until it flows into the Lahn at the Cölber Eck, it now forms the border between Marburg and Cölbe. Its mouth is at an altitude of around 188 m , so that it has lost around 389 m in altitude on its 59.8 km long path.
It is noteworthy that on the 32 km long section from the tributary of the Felda to the confluence with the Lahn, it only has 32 vertical meters of natural gradient, which corresponds to a bed gradient of 1.00 ‰.
Catchment area
The 983.76 km² catchment area of the Ohm stretches from the natural areas of Hoher Vogelsberg and Unterer Vogelsberg, which are part of the East Hessian mountainous region, to the natural areas of the Vorderer Vogelsberg , Amöneburg Basin and Marburg-Giessener Lahntal in the West Hessian mountain and sink region . It drains it over the Lahn and the Rhine to the North Sea .
The catchment area of the Ohm borders
- in the northeast and east of the catchment area of the Schwalm , which drains over the Eder and Fulda into the Weser ;
- in the south-east of the Schlitz , which flows into the Fulda;
- in the south to that of the Nidda , which drains over the Main into the Rhine;
- in the southwest to the weather of the Nidda river ;
- in the west to the Lahn and
- in the north to that of the Eder.
Tributaries
The most important tributaries of the Ohm from the source ( 577 m ) to the confluence ( 188 m ) in the Lahn are:
| Surname |
page | Length (km) |
EZG (km²) |
Discharge (MQ; l / s) |
Ohm- km |
Mouth height (m above sea level ) |
Mouth | DGKZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steinbach | Left | 5.0 | 4.166 | 57.5 | 10.6 | 316 | behind Ober-Ohmen | 2582-16 |
| Marsbach | Left | 13.8 | 316 | behind Ruppertenrod | ||||
| Seenbach | Left | 18.3 | 96.493 | 1288.4 | 16.9 | 264 | behind Kirschgarten, coming from Merlau |
2582-2 |
| Gold digging | Left | 2.0 | 19.9 | 251 | in Mücke-Nieder-Ohmen | 2582-3118 | ||
| Kuchenbach | right | 1.6 | 20.1 | 250 | in Mücke-Nieder-Ohmen | 2582-3192 | ||
| Goldbach | Left | 1.6 | 8.372 | 22.4 | between Nieder-Ohmen and Burg-Gemünden |
2582-338 | ||
| Ransbach | right | 6.3 | 8.372 | 23.0 | between Nieder-Ohmen and Burg-Gemünden |
2582-34 | ||
| Fuchsbach | Left | 1.9 | 25.1 | 220 | north of Burg-Gemünden | 2582-394 | ||
| Felda | right | 29.9 | 107.383 | 1276.4 | 26.5 | 220 | near Nieder-Gemünden | 2582-4 |
| Hirschbach | right | 3.0 | 220 | north of Nieder-Gemünden | 2582-512 | |||
| Krebsbach (Pferdsbach) | Left | 6.8 | 12.175 | 90.8 | 30.6 | 215 | before Homberg | 2582-54 |
| Schechenbach | Left | 209 | at Homberg | |||||
| Michelbach | right | 2.2 | 32.1 | in Homberg | 2582-5512 | |||
| Schadenbach | Left | 7.0 | 18,448 | 127.7 | 33.7 | 207 | at Homberg | 2582-552 |
| Horse ditch | Left | 2.3 | 40.1 | west of Erfurtshausen in the moat |
2582-5616 | |||
| Erfurtshausen Bach | Left | 3.7 | 6.282 | 45.8 | 40.1 | 200 | at Schweinsberg in the moat |
2582-562 |
| Lamborn | Left | 3.8 | 200 | in the north-eastern district of Mardorf in the Alte Ohm | ||||
| Rulfbach | Left | 9.2 | 26.256 | 174.1 | 43.6 | 196 | in the south-eastern district of Amöneburg in the Alte Ohm | 2582-58 |
| Small | right | 23.2 | 163.145 | 1122.9 | 45.2 | 194 | in the southern district of Kirchhain, near Fort-M. | 2582-6 |
| Wohra | right | 33.8 | 285.878 | 2010.3 | 48.7 | 192 | behind Kirchhain | 2582-8 |
| Litter | Left | 8.0 | 22,998 | 121.8 | 50.3 | 191 | at Großseelheim | 2582-914 |
| Bauerbach | Left | 4.0 | 51.8 | north of Großseelheim | 2582-9312 | |||
| Schönbach | Left | 1.3 | 52.1 | at Schönbach | 2582-9314 | |||
| Wöhlgraben | right | 3.7 | 53.1 | at Kirchhain-Anzefar | 2582-9392 | |||
| Devil's Trench | right | 4.9 | 54.6 | behind Anzefahr | 2582-9394 | |||
| Red water | right | 18.6 | 50.961 | 221.1 | 58.0 | 189 | behind Bürgeln | 2582-96 |
Note: For a better overview and for sorting downstream, hyphens have been added to the DGKZ digits after the 2582 - ohms .
On the main flow issue
Especially within the Vogelsberg, the Ohm by name is just one of many main rivers. If it still contributes the lion's share at the Felda estuary ( 50.696078 ° N, 9.04647 ° E ) on the Unteren Vogelsberg (MQ: 1933.3 l / s compared to 1276.4 of the Felda), it leads significantly above at the Seenbach estuary ( 50.63134 ° N, 9.0372 ° E ) (with 396.2 l / s), this "tributary" blocks the outflow of a catchment area three times as rich (1288.4 l / s).
Mills
Numerous mills were in operation along the Ohm until the 1970s , most of which have been preserved to this day.
Map with all coordinates of all mills: OSM | WikiMap
| Name (previous names) |
location | First mention |
Setting grinding operation |
image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luchmühle | 0.5 km above Ober-Ohmen 50.61574 ° N, 9.12285 ° E |
at the end of the 19th century | ||
| Rahnmühle | 1 km above Ruppertenrod 50.61455 ° N, 9.096606 ° E |
1945 | ||
| Obermühle | on the outskirts of Ruppertenrod 50.61942 ° N, 9.091911 ° E |
1800 | 1972 | |
| Bridge mill | in Ruppertenrod 50.621054 ° N, 9.085184 ° E |
before 1970 | ||
| Nikolausmühle | between Ruppertenrod and Wettsaasen 50.62875 ° N, 9.06934 ° E |
1965 | ||
| Wettsaaser mill | in Wettsaasen 50.632363 ° N, 9.063815 ° E |
before 1850 | 1960 | |
| Kirschgarten village mill | Town center Kirschgarten |
2nd half of the 20th century | ||
| Cat mill (paper mill) |
Nieder-Ohmen , arterial road to Kirschgarten 50.64277 ° N, 9.03623 ° E |
1577 | 1960 | |
| Cherry mill |
Nieder-Ohmen 50.64529 ° N, 9.033031 ° E |
1589 | Mid 20th century | |
| Frohnmühle (Eisenachmühle, Hintergässer Mühle) |
Center Nieder-Ohmen 50.64265 ° N, 9.03642 ° E |
1492 | 1976 | |
| Schmittermühle | Center Nieder-Ohmen 50.650025 ° N, 9.032834 ° E |
1606 | 1966 | |
|
Langwiesenmühle (demolished in 1960) |
Grubenbacher Straße, Nieder-Ohmen |
before 1709 | around 1890 | |
| Trohemühle | unknown ( Nieder-Ohmen ) | 1590 | around 1600 | |
| Königsaas mill |
Königsaasen , 2 km below Nieder-Ohmen 50.66177 ° N, 9.02975 ° E |
1227 | to the First World War then until 1963 power generation |
|
| Village mill Burg-Gemünden (Schwabesmühle) |
northeast of the old village center of Burg-Gemünden 50.68222 ° N, 9.03902 ° E |
1582 | 1972 since 1982 power generation |
|
| Dicknertsmühle |
50.705981 ° N, 9.039055 ° E |
|||
| Supreme Mill |
50.723355 ° N, 8.99975 ° E |
|||
| Homberg sand mill |
50.72314 ° N, 8.99357 ° E |
|||
| Herrenmühle |
50.724506 ° N, 8.989676 ° E |
|||
| Hainmühle Homberg |
50.72774 ° N, 8.99349 ° E |
|||
| Stone mill |
|
|||
| Brauer Mühle (Herrenmühle) |
50.734283 ° N, 8.982528 ° E |
|||
| Aumühle |
50.752175 ° N, 8.969494 ° E |
|||
| Ohauser Mill |
50.759379 ° N, 8.955692 ° E |
|||
| Valley mill |
|
|||
|
Mill in Grebendorf abandoned around 1200 |
|
|||
| Brücker mill |
Amöneburg , OT Brück 50.79345 ° N, 8.9378 ° E |
1248 | in operation |
 more pictures |
|
Fiddelmühle demolished in 1557/58 |
Amöneburg district,
Field name: Fiddemühle approx. 500-600 meters below the Brücker-M., 1553 the Fedelmoller, 1553 lock between Brucker and Viedelmoln 1557/58 the Fiedelmoln, 1663 Fiddemühlspfad, Fidelgraben |
|||
| Mill Heuchelheim (Amöneburg) | Amöneburg district: Heuchelheim (settlement), left and right of Landesstraße 3073, near today's fish pond. The notarized sale of the mill took place on May 1, 1388.
"Molenstad zu Huchelheim uffe der Amen undir Ameneburg located" = The Mühlstatt located in Heuchelheim on the Ohm under Amöneburg. At that time the Ohm took a different route from the Brücker M. to Kirchhain. The river bed was closer to the foot of the Amöneburg and the Heuchelheimer Mühle stood on this former section of the river, which no longer exists today. |
1248
Yard and mill |
before 1400 | |
|
Hole Mill abandoned in the 16th century |
|
|||
|
Radenhausen Mill abandoned in the 16th century |
The settlement of Radenhausen was first mentioned in Fulda monastery documents between 750 and 779. In 1285 Elisabeth von Radenhausen bequeathed her share of the Radenhausen mill to the Teutonic Order. From 1723 there is a precise floor plan of what was then Alt-Radenhausen. Then the Alte Ohm ran right through Alt-Radenhausen and divided the courtyard into a Hessian and a Mainz part. In the Thirty Years War the courtyard was destroyed and rebuilt in 1656/57 on the right side of the Alte Ohm, on the Mainz side. In 1555 Alt-Radenhausen was "worthy of the old Ohme in the von Kirchhain driveway", as an old document describes it. How long the mill was able to operate is not precisely recorded. Location: While the Ohm continued on its way past Kirchhain, the Alte Ohm branched off from the main river south of Kirchhain and ran in a westerly direction to Alt-Radenhausen, which at that time was located on the right of Landesstraße 3088, which runs there today, for example in the area of the Radenhäuser Lache . It should also be noted that the former Ohm in the river section between Brücker M. and Kirchhain had a different river bed than today. The location of Hof Radenhausen has changed several times and has been on the left of Landesstraße 3088 since 1786. |
1285 | ||
|
Mill Gerende abandoned after 1485 |
|
|||
|
Brunsfort mill abandoned after 1485 |
|
1485 | after 1485 | |
| Wasechenmühle | presumably below Amöneburg , near Magdalenenkapelle | 1248 | after 1248 | |
| Powder mill |
Amöneburg |
1598 | 1613 | |
| Millet mill |
Niederwald , opposite the Grindelmühle |
1282 | 1864 | |
| Grindelmühle | Exit Schönenbach direction Großseelheim 50.830825 ° N, O ° 8.860452 |
11th century | 1952 |
.jpg) more pictures
|
| Order mill | southern outskirts of Anzefahr 50.844105 ° N, 8.863097 ° E |
1362 | 1961 |
 more pictures |
| Hainmühle | near Betziesdorf 50.849172 ° N, 8.837256 ° E |
1555 | 1961 since 2000 power generation |
 more pictures |
Notes on the location of the mills listed above:
The coordinates and names of the positions of some of the mills that are recorded in the above list cannot be determined with certainty, as their existence is only known from a few historical records and no location maps exist that give the exact location. In addition, some of these mills were not located on the current course of the Ohm, because like many other watercourses, the Ohm no longer flows in sections in its self-created, winding river bed. The first changes in the course of the river were made when the water mills were built. Weirs dammed the water and divided it into mill and flood ditches. In the middle of the last century, some communities secured their housing estates with dams. This took place at the bottom of the course, where the Ohm in many places absorbs ever larger brooks and tributaries. Floods in the spring helped the Ohmwiesen to have high-yield grass growth, but in years already rainy they were more of a disadvantage for agriculture. Some municipal areas threatened to become swampy, diseases broke out in the livestock of the farmers, whose animals grazed on the wet Ohmwiesen. Between Schweinsberg and Rüdigheim, minor regulations were implemented as early as 1863/1864. A very pronounced meander was removed by an ohmic puncture in order to accelerate the flow of the river there. Soon, in the years 1869/1870, there was another puncture near the boundary of Amöneburg in the Grebendorf corridor area. From 1884 to 1885, extensive ohmic regulation measures were carried out in the Schweinsberg district, which included the reconstruction of the water damming of both mills located in the district. Much larger changes were made after the flood in 1947, after it had been recognized that the danger of flooding in the Ohm valley could not be averted by a faster process alone, but that the Ohms would also have to be stored or dammed up. In mid-1952, the extensive construction of the Ohm retention basin near Kirchhain and a sand trap in the Wohra shortly before its confluence with the Ohm near Kirchhain began. The aim was to be able to hold water back on a larger scale. A water lock was built near Schönstadt, which has three throughflows of 6.10 meters each and which was completed in 1956. From Kirchhain to Schönstadt, the Ohm received a new, wider bed with flat areas. Similar measures were taken upstream up to the Brücker mill. Lower Wohra and Klein, tributaries of the Ohm, were given new paths near Kirchhain. Old tributaries of the Ohm, on which mills had stood centuries ago, but also larger water-carrying ditches were filled in or leveled or also turned into a modified ditch system. In the years 1963 to 1965, appropriate construction measures also gave Schweinsberg more protection from flooding. Again and again in the past the Ohm had stepped over her bed and flooded all the lower-lying properties in town for many years, including the central market square. The mill trench was filled in and a new weir was built down the river in a north-westerly direction. Schweinsberg is still sheathed by a dam that only opens in an easterly direction. To secure the Ohmtalbahn, the embankment running parallel to the Ohm was also slightly increased. In addition, a bypass road was built northeast of Schweinsberg on an elevated dam, which can now also be dammed. A similar procedure was followed with the K24 leading from Schweinsberg past the Ohäuser Mühle to Erfurtshausen. A polder in the north has since been drained by a pumping station during heavy rainfall. In the Ohm plain west of Kirchhain near Hof Radenhausen, Klein- and Großseelheim, Schönbach, Niederwald and in the southern district of Kirchhain, as in the district around Schweinsberg, since then dams and a system of higher-lying roads have secured the communities from the penetrating water of the Ohm , which is especially dammed in heavy rain or in spring by the onset of snowmelt in the Hohen Vogelsberg. Meadows and pastures in the Ohm valley around Amöneburg then turn into a large lake.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
- ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch 2008, single sheet at the level of Ober-Ofleiden , Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology, accessed on September 16, 2013 (PDF, German).
- ↑ Ohm-km: listed in reverse order for better comparability (difference between 59.76 km and the respective kilometer stone upstream)
- ↑ Hirschbach length: with the longest source branch (GKZ 2582-5122) 4.5 km
- ↑ Michelbach length: with the longest source branch (GKZ 2582-55124) 2.8 km
- ↑ a b mouth of the moat in the Ohm
- ↑ a b Muzzle in the Alte Ohm
- ↑ Wöhlgraben: called Wuhlgraben in the WFD in Hessen
- ^ Working group for rural culture: Mills between Vogelsberg and Burgwald. Burgwald-Verlag, Cölbe 2003. ISBN 3-936291-20-9 , pp. 74-82
- ^ Arbeitskreis Dörfliche Kultur eV: Mill locations in the Ohm catchment area , accessed on May 10, 2012
- ^ Alfred Schneider: City and Office Amöneburg . Settlements left around Amöneburg. 1971 (information on the Fiddelmühle is contained in the Amöneburg winery bills 1526–1558).
- ^ Alfred Schneider: City and Office Amöneburg . Settlements left around Amöneburg. 1971 (Archbishop-Mainzische Heberolle from the 13th century, document book of the Deutsch-Ordensballei Hessen vol. 1–3, 1879 ff.).
- ^ Alfred Schneider: City and Office Amöneburg . Settlements left around Amöneburg. 1971.
swell
Information from cards of the
- GeoDatenZentrum of the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (1: 250,000)
- Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation (1: 50,000)
Web links
- Level with Ober-Ofleiden on the side of the HLUG
- Level at Hainmühle on the HLUG side
- Retention cadastre river area Ohm river area code number: 2582 (PDF; 146 kB)
- Water profile and program of measures 2582.2 ( Memento from January 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) ( Notes ) → Overview of all Hessian river systems (PDF, 1.7 MB) Obere Ohm
- Water profile and program of measures 2582.1 ( Memento from January 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) ( Notes ) → Overview of all Hessian river systems (PDF, 1.7 MB) Untere Ohm
- The Ohm at Schweinsberg , schweinsberg-ohm.de