Rüdigheim (Amöneburg)

Rudigheim City of Amöneburg Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 52 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 8 ″  E
Height :	201  (197–224)  m above sea level NHN
Area :	3.15 km²
Residents :	643  (Jun 30, 2010)
Population density :	204 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1971
Postal code :	35287
Area code :	06429
The Catholic Church

Rüdigheim is a district of Amöneburg in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .

geography

location

The place is in the Amöneburg Basin in the Vorderen Vogelsberg on the Ohm . State road 3073 runs to the west. Rüdigheim is on the Hessian long-distance cycle route R6 . Rüdigheim lies at the foot of the Kreuzwart hill , the local mountain of the village.

Neighboring communities

Amöneburg, Kirchhain	Rauschenberg, Wohratal	Niederklein, Stadtallendorf, Neustadt (Hesse)
Marburg (Lahn), Cappel		Schweinsberg, Kirtorf, Alsfeld
Ebsdorfergrund, Fronhausen (Lahn)	Mücke, Grünberg	Homberg (Ohm), Gemünden (Felda)

history

Historic half-timbered house Rüdigheim (Amöneburg)

The place was first mentioned in a document in the Archbishopric-Mainzischen Heberolle of the year 1248 under the name Rudencheim . This is a directory of Mainz property in the area around Amöneburg. Income, duties and rights are comprehensively documented in it.

In 1355 Mainz moved the court and the village of Rüdigheim to the Amöneburg castle man Gilbrecht von Nordeck. In 1383 parts of this pledge came to Walprecht von Seelheim, which was then a cellar in Amöneburg. Later the Schencken zu Schweinsberg took over the property.

In 1394 the Archbishop of Mainz, Konrad, allowed his castle man Adolf Rau von Holzhausen to dissolve the village from the heirs of Gilbrecht von Nordeck . In 1411, Adolf Rau von Holzhausen transferred all of his rights to Rüdigheim to Eberhard Schenck zu Schweinsberg. The Schweinsberger Schencken kept the Mainz village of Rüdigheim, whose district is directly adjacent to Schweinsberg, in lien until 1586. The neighboring Mainz villages of Niederklein (1349–1525) and Erfurtshausen (1416–1586) and the Wenigenburg (1349 to approx. 1463/1525) in front of the city of Amöneburg were also in lien. With this, the Schwencken zu Schweinsberg expanded their sphere of influence around the town and Schweinsberg Castle. They took over all rights and duties in the villages, even if only for a limited period of time, exercised protection and jurisdiction.

Early written records show that Rüdigheim, like other places in the vicinity, was assigned to the Catholic Church in Amöneburg. During the missionary work of the area by Boniface in 721, it became the central focus of the Catholics in Upper Hesse. The surrounding area of ​​Rüdigheim is a delightful region shaped by Christian customs. Over the centuries, a considerable number of architectural witnesses of Christian tradition emerged from place to place, including field crosses, wayside shrines, chapels, grottos and church buildings, including in Rüdigheim. Of course, as everywhere, there were changes over time. In the years 1802/1803, in addition to territorial membership, a thousand-year membership in the ecclesiastical Mainz sphere of influence ended. It should be noted that geographically the Electorate of Mainz and the Archdiocese of Mainz do not coincide. The respective Archbishop of Mainz was also a secular ruler in the Electorate, whereas in the Archbishopric it was only its spiritual head. While the history of the territory is adequately explained below, it must be pointed out that in 1821 there was also a radical church restructuring. Rüdigheim and other neighboring Catholic communities moved from the Mainz diocese to the Fulda diocese, which has existed since 1752 and to which they still belong today. The oldest Catholic church book in Rüdigheim begins with records in the post-Reformation period in 1678, while the oldest stone evidence of Catholic faith is the font from 1681. Even the oldest written records provide no evidence of fellow citizens of the Jewish faith. On the other hand, few Protestant Christians once lived in the village, as the following statistics show. Their share has increased today. Organizationally, they are part of the Schweinsberg Evangelical Church Community.

According to the Court Organization Act of October 31, 1848, Rüdigheim fell within the jurisdiction of the Higher Court of Cassel , to which the Amöneburg Justice Office in the Kirchhain district was subordinate. There, 50 houses with 354 inhabitants were recorded for Rüdigheim, which was the smallest village at the time.

From 1851 the ev.-luth. Residents of Rüdigheim assigned to the Schweinsberg pastor Conrad Hesse. The Reformed residents of Rüdigheim, in turn, were assigned to the town of Kirchhain and the local pastor Friedrich August Klemme.

A castle has long been believed to be located directly on the boundary between Rüdigheim and Niederklein. For the first time in the summer of 1958, excavations were carried out in the "Husgeweid corridor area" there, which were intensified in the winter of 1960/61 with the support of the Office for Soil Antiquities. A building floor plan measuring 5.00 meters × 5.70 meters was uncovered. Further excavations were carried out in 1961. The results of the investigation show that in the Middle Ages there was a small fortification on the site. It was a heaped hill with a castle-like tower house standing on it, the lower part of which was made of solid stone masonry, the part above was probably made of half-timbered . The hill was surrounded by a moat, which can still be seen to some extent today. A whole series of similar fortifications are considered to be proven in the vicinity. In addition to the tower house, an associated courtyard is assumed to be in the same place, which was also protected by a ditch. Old Amöneburg cellar bills show income from fields from Hunskeweyde, which became Hunskeweide, while today the area is known as Husgeweid.

Territorial reform

The formerly independent municipality was incorporated into the city of Amöneburg on December 31, 1971 as part of the regional reform of the State of Hesse.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Rüdigheim was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

• 14th and 15th centuries: Holy Roman Empire , Electorate Mainz , Amöneburg office
  • 1355: Gilbrecht von Nordeck (Amöneburger Burgmann) pledged and later his heirs
  • 1383: Lien property goes in part to Walprecht von Seelheim (Keller = head of the economic and financial department in the Amöneburg office)
  • 1394: Adolf Rau von Holzhausen (Amöneburger Burgmann) owned a pledge. Acquisition of the pledge ownership of the heirs of Gilbrecht von Nordeck
  • 1411–1586: Property of the Schweinsberg tavern
• from 1586: Holy Roman Empire, Electorate Mainz, Amöneburg office
• On September 14, 1802, the Amöneburg office was taken over by Hessian troops (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel)
• from 1803: Holy Roman Empire, Electorate of Hesse , Principality of Fritzlar , Amöneburg Office (legalized by the Imperial Deputation Decision of February 25, 1803 in Regensburg; on May 15, 1803, Landgrave Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel becomes Elector of Hesse with the seat of government in Kassel)
• on April 6, 1806, Emperor Franz II laid down the imperial crown. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ends
• from 1806: Electorate of Hesse , Principality of Fritzlar , Amöneburg office
• 1807–1813: Kingdom of Westphalia , department of Werra , district of Marburg , canton of Kirchhain
• from 1815: German Confederation , Electorate of Hesse, Amöneburg Office
• from 1821: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse , Kirchhain district
• from 1848: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Marburg district
• from 1851: German Confederation, Electorate of Hesse, Province of Upper Hesse, Kirchhain district
• On June 19, 1866, Prussia occupied the Electorate of Hesse within a few days, had the Elector arrested on June 23, 1866, and on August 20, 1866 incorporated the Electorate of Hesse into the Prussian army. By law of September 20, 1866, the electorate became part of the new Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, and on February 22, 1867, it was divided into the administrative districts of Wiesbaden and Kassel.
• from 1866/1867: North German Confederation , Kingdom of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau , Administrative Region of Kassel , District of Kirchhain
• from 1918: German Empire, Free State of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative District of Kassel, District of Kirchhain
• from 1932: German Empire, Free State of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative Region of Kassel, District of Marburg
• from 1944: German Empire, Free State of Prussia, Province of Kurhessen , District of Marburg
• from 1945: American occupation zone , Greater Hesse , Kassel administrative district, Marburg district
• On December 1, 1946, the newly created Greater Hesse was given the final name Hesse with the adoption of the constitution
• from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Kassel district, Marburg district
• On December 31, 1971, the city of Amöneburg and the municipalities of Erfurtshausen, Mardorf, Roßdorf and Rüdigheim were merged to form the newly formed municipality of Amöneburg. The seat of the municipal administration is Amöneburg.
• from 1974: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Kassel district, Marburg-Biedenkopf district
• from 1981: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Gießen district, Marburg-Biedenkopf district

Community school, mayor

• Martin Paul (1650 as mayor)
• Valentin Bieker, Hs. Nr. 1 (several years between 1780/1790 mayor / mayor)
• Georg Adam Schmitt (1758 as community school) and at the same time Nikolaus Gnau (1758 as mayor)
• Heinrich Gnau (1793/1794 as mayor)
• Johannes Heinrich Schüler (1827 as mayor)
• Ludwig Biecker (1828 as community school hot)
• Andreas Biecker (mayor in 1895)
• ? Riehl (1896 as mayor)
• Karl Adam Schmitt (1916 as mayor)
• Heinrich Josef Herz (1937 as mayor)
• Alois Wachtel (1952 as mayor)
• Theodor Biecker (Mayor in the 1950s)
• Wilhelm Herz (1959 as mayor)
• Winfried Dörr (1967 as mayor)

In the Amöneburg office, the mayor held the highest administrative office. He was usually supported by two judges. The Hessian municipal code of June 30, 1821 no longer provided for this office. In the future, a local council consisting of a mayor, alderman and council will regulate the interests of a community. In densely populated villages there were also two mayors at the same time, one of whom was the sub-mayor. A distinction was also made between the mayor for the arable people and that for the small farmers in a village.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1585:	26 residents
• 1652:	Burned down on 3 houses
• 1657:	Burned down except for 2 houses
• 1659:	21 households; For the first time, lists of residents are available from the localities in the Amöneburg district. Listed are heads of household or teams (lieutenants / followers)
• 1664:	17 residents
• 1831:	323 inhabitants
• 1838:	31 local residents authorized to use, 13 local residents not authorized to use, 24 residents
	Reduction of the population: From the middle to the end of the 19th century, around 150 residents left the village and mostly emigrated to America.
	Reduction of the population: 16 men from Rüdigheim died in World War I
	Reduction of the population: In the Second World War, 25 men were killed or have been missing since then; the refugee families who came after the war complained about 9 more men
• 1947:	Increase in population: in April 77 refugees or evacuees lived among the population; in September the number rose to 97; in May 1951 there were still 65 people. In the following years, the number of residents decreased due to moving away.

Rüdigheim: Population from 1747 to 2010
year				Residents
1747			109
1831			323
1834			315
1840			346
1846			356
1852			367
1858			338
1864			338
1871			306
1875			304
1885			295
1895			296
1905			318
1910			306
1925			339
1939			341
1946			434
1950			407
1956			367
1961			398
1967			445
1970			474
1985			516
2010			643
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861:	16 Evangelical Lutheran , 338 Roman Catholic residents
• 1885:	09 Protestant (= 3.05%), 286 Catholic (= 96.95%) residents
• 1961:	05 Protestant (= 1.26%), 393 Roman Catholic (= 98.74%) inhabitants

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1838:	Families: 21 agriculture, 20 businesses, 37 day laborers.
• 1961:	Labor force: 120 agriculture and forestry, 316 manufacturing, 191 trade and transport, 396 services and other.

religion

Catholic Church St. Antonius d. E.

Catholic Church Rüdigheim (Amöneburg)

World War II Memorial Rüdigheim (Amöneburg)

The Catholic Church of St. Anthony the Hermit was built between 1748 and 1752 and consecrated on October 8, 1754. The responsible architect, master mason and plasterer was Christian Singer from Tyrol. The Catholic parish of Rüdigheim has been part of the Amöneburg parish for centuries, and from 1681 to 1711 it was assigned to the Niederklein parish. Documents from the Amöneburg parish church indicate a churchyard in Rüdigheim as early as 1332, so that a church can already be assumed at this time. The old baptismal font inside the church shows the year 1681.

Rüdigheim's baroque church is the smallest and probably the simplest of the baroque churches in the Catholic area around Amöneburg. It is a hall building with a choir closed on three sides. Unlike many Catholic and Protestant churches in the vicinity, it is not a fortified church, even if the church building is enclosed by a large outer wall. The cemetery still surrounds the church, as it has always done, and has not been relocated to the outside as elsewhere. The church tower, actually a hooded roof rider, houses three bells that invite residents to attend church services throughout the year, but also ring on numerous other occasions. In 1995 the church received a tower clock consisting of two dials, which has since served as a time signal in conjunction with the bells.

Interior of the Catholic Church

Anyone who enters the Rüdigheim church through the church door, which is open during the day, will be surprised by the brightness and richness of color of the room that comes across. Baroque joie de vivre and enthusiasm is evident in the paintings and the elaborate stucco on the ceiling. The baroque high altar with a large cross in the middle draws attention.

Two colored choir windows describe how under the Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century the cross gradually became a sign of victory and how his mother, St. Helena, found the cross of Jesus in Jerusalem.

The statue of Anthony the Hermit looks down on the believers from the gallery. As a young man, Antony had withdrawn into the desert to seek God in solitude. There are three large ceiling paintings and ten small frescoes on the sloping ceiling (in the cove).

The parish is in possession of a cross particle and celebrates the festival of the cross on September 14th or the following Sunday. The cross is a sign of hope and life. The cross beams in the high altar flow into clovers - the instrument of torture becomes a tree. And Christ on the cross is not shown here as a dying person, but as a living bearer of hope.

The war memorial (memorial for the fallen of both world wars) is located on the church forecourt. It was built in 1928 to commemorate the victims of the First World War and in 1952 it was supplemented by the fallen and missing persons of the Second World War.

Environment of the church

The cemetery cross in Rüdigheim

Directly next to the Catholic parish church of St. Antonius is the local cemetery with the cemetery cross, which is enclosed by a cemetery wall made of mostly red sandstone.

Honor graves

Next to the cemetery cross there are graves of honor of Catholic clergymen. The grave of the Fulda prelate Josef Mönninger , who was born in Rüdigheim, was erected in 2017 as an honorary grave next to the cemetery cross.

War memorial

There is a memorial to the victims of the world wars in the cemetery.

traffic

• Rüdigheim is on the Ohm Valley Railway .
• The public transport is through the bus line 94 of the MR regional transport association Marburg-Biedenkopf (RNV) ensured.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

• Josef Mönninger (born December 2, 1919 in Rüdigheim; † January 3, 2017 in Fulda), Catholic theologian in the diocese of Fulda,

literature

• Annekathrin Sitte-Köster: wayside shrines in the Catholic exclaves in Upper Hesse. History and function of a memorial pictorial genre from the early modern era to the end of the First World War. Diss. University of Mainz, 2009.
• Günter Slany: Rerrekim. ... a village in Upper Hesse. History - customs - everyday life. Book for the festival: 250 years of the baroque church and 750 years of the first documentary mention of Rüdigheim . (1st ed.). Rüdigheim: Parish of St. Antonius d. E. (Ed.), 2002.
• Anita Bagus: come to the museum. On a journey of discovery through Hessian museums . (1st ed.). Pp. 4-5. Gudensberg-Gleichen: Wartberg Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. Hessischer Museumsverband e. V., Kassel, Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen & SV Sparkassen Versicherung Hessen-Nassau-Thüringen (publisher), 2001.
• Paul Lang: The baroque church of St. Antonius d. E. to Rüdigheim. "Where heaven touches earth ...". Steps to understand a sacred space. Rüdigheim: Borromäusverein (Ed.), 1997.
• Karl Weitzel: You Christians rise up to the Lord and pray the Angel of the Lord. Religious custom in Upper Hesse: rattles replace bells during Holy Week . Pp. 51-53. Self-published by Karl Weitzel (Ed.), 1997.
• Karl Weitzel: To have God erected ..... wayside shrines and crosses in Upper Hesse . P. 8; P. 11; Pp. 85-91; Pp. 164-168; P. 171, p. 174. Self-published by Karl Weitzel (Ed.), 1993.
• Paul Lang: Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the men's choir "Concordia" 1889 eV Rüdigheim. Holidays from 23-26 June 1989.
• Alfred Schneider: Rüdigheim. Chronicle of an Upper Hessian village. Museum Amöneburg (ed.), 1989.
• Alfred Schneider: Festschrift. 50 years of the Rüdigheim volunteer fire brigade. On the history of fire fighting in Rüdigheim. Holidays from 22.-24. June 1984. Volunteer Fire Brigade Rüdigheim (Ed.), 1984.
• Wolfgang Kurzschenkel, Alfred Schneider: The organ in the church of St. Antonius d. E. to Rüdigheim. Self-published Parish Amöneburg (ed.), 1981.
• Alfred Schneider: Festschrift. 225 years of the baroque church of St. Antonius d. E. Rudigheim. A. Schneider (Ed.), 1977.
• Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook , Publishing House of the Reformed Orphanage, Cassel 1863
• Literature about Rüdigheim in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Rüdigheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• District Rüdigheim on the website of the city of Amöneburg.
• Rüdigheim, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Rüdigheim, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
2. ↑ ^{a b} The number comes from myheimat.de and is compatible with the value referenced at this point in time for the Erfurtshausen district from: Dorferneuerungsplan Erfurtshausen , August 2011 (PDF; 4.2 MB)
3. ^ Alfred Schneider: The Archbishop-Mainzische Heberolle of the year 1248. Amöneburger Blätter . State Archives, Darmstadt 1987, p. 47 ( orsprod.rz.uni-frankfurt.de - entry at HeBIS).
4. ^ ^{A b} Alfred Schneider: Rüdigheim. Chronicle of a village in Upper Hesse, Hitzeroth Verlag, p. 430, Marburg 1989.
5. ↑ Günter Slany: Rerrekim ... a village in Upper Hesse . Ed .: Parish of St. Antonius d. E. Rudigheim. Amöneburg-Rüdigheim 2002.
6. ^ Paul Lang: The baroque church of St. Antonius d. E. to Rüdigheim .
7. ↑ Günter Slany: Rerrekim ... a village in Upper Hesse .
8. ^ Alfred Schneider: Rüdigheim Chronicle of an Upper Hessian Village .
9. ↑ Without the author's name: Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook. Publishing house of the reformed orphanage, p. 142, Cassel 1863.
10. ↑ Without the author's name: Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook. Publishing house of the reformed orphanage, p. 295, Cassel 1863.
11. ↑ Without the author's name: Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook. Publishing house of the reformed orphanage, p. 298, Cassel 1863.
12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 403 .
13. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
14. ↑ Ingrossaturbuch State Archives Würzburg, 3/103 .
15. ↑ Ingrossaturbuch State Archives Würzburg, 10/152 .
16. ↑ Ingrossaturbuch State Archives Würzburg, 12/238 .
17. ↑ Ingrossaturbuch State Archives Würzburg, 15/217 .
18. ^ Johann Samuel Publication: Handbook over the Kingdom of Westphalia . VI. Dep. d. Werra (I) Distr. v. Marburg, p. 285. Volume 1 . Hemmerde and Schwetschke, Hall 1808.
19. ^ Constitution of the State of Hesse of December 1, 1946 . DNB 1041229917 .  
20. ↑ JA Ruhl: The Stausebacher Chronicle of Kaspar Preiß . In: Fuldaer Geschichtsblätter No. 8, p. 148 f . 1902.
21. ↑ JA Ruhl: The Stausebacher Chronicle of Kaspar Preiß . In: Fuldaer Geschichtsblätter, No. 8, p. 163 . 1902.
22. ^ Amöneburg cellar bills . 1659.
23. ^ Statistics from the Rüdigheim municipal administration .
24. ↑ Marburg State Archives, Cadastre Rüdigheim, Vol. 1–3 (Ed.): Special preliminary description of the tax cadastre of the community Rüdigheim, Amoeneburg office . 1831.
25. ^ Parish archives Amöneburg (ed.): Family register Rüdigheim from 1800 .
26. ^ ^{A b} Parish archives Amöneburg (ed.): Book of the Dead Rüdigheim 1830-1945 .
27. ^ Statistics of the community of Rüdigheim .
28. ^ ^{A b} Filialkirche Rüdigheim In: Website of the pastoral association Amöneburg.