Amöneburg Basin

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The Amöneburg Basin is an almost forest-free, approximately 130 square kilometers extensive basin landscape in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district , to a small extent also in the Vogelsberg district in Central Hesse , east of the city of Marburg . It is divided into the almost flat green areas of the Ohmsenke along the lower reaches of the Ohm , the arable land of the Ebsdorfer Grund in the catchment area of ​​the Zwester Ohm and some left tributaries of the Ohm as well as the eponymous single singularity of the landscape, which is up to 365  m above sea level. NHN towering basalt cone of the Amöneburg .

View from the Amöneburg to the southeastern Amöneburg Basin ( Ohm valley basin), the Vorderen (right) and the actual Vogelsberg . In front of the Vogelsberg, the Nieder-Ofleiden basalt works can be seen on the slope of the 359.4  m high mountain ( Northern Vogelsberg foreland ), to the right of it Homberg (Ohm) .
View from the Amöneburg into the northern Amöneburg Basin

In terms of natural space , the Amöneburg Basin is classified as one of, depending on the definition, ten to twelve so-called "main units" of the West Hessian mountain and valley region ; It is part of the Mediterranean-Mjösen zone , a series of valley basins that stretch from the Rhone valley over the Upper Rhine Graben , the Wetterau and the Giessen basin , below the Vorderen Vogelsberg finally to the Amöneburg basin, from there over the Neustädter Sattel into the West Hessian basin and continues over the Leinegraben to the Oslograben .

Natural structure

The Amöneburg Basin (main unit 347) is naturally structured as follows
(surrounding mountain ranges are also listed) :

The Ohmsenke represents a flat meadow of grassland, the Ebsdorfer Grund an agriculturally used, low relief hill country.

Limitations

The Amöneburg Basin is surrounded by four moderate mountain ranges, which are separated by four river valleys. Tributaries are the Ohm (in the southeast near Homberg (Ohm) ) and its tributary Wohra (in the northeast near Kirchhain ), which flows directly to the edge of the basin . The outflow is next to the Ohm (in the northwest near Cölbe - Bürgeln ) the Zwester Ohm (in the southwest near Hachborn ); All flowing waters of the valley basin are distributed over these two rivers.

In the west, the Amöneburg Basin is bounded by the Lahn Mountains , in the north - behind the valley of Lahn and (lower) Ohm - by the Burgwald . In the east, east of Wohra and (middle) Ohm, the Upper Hessian Threshold (Gilserberger Heights, Neustädter Sattel and Nördliches Vogelsberg-Vorland) follows, to which the Lumda Plateau, which is part of the so-called Vorderen Vogelsberg, joins southwest of the Ohm , which is in the extreme southwest of the Amöneburg Basin is only separated from the Lahn Mountains to the north by the Zwester Ohm.

Since all of the above-mentioned mountain ranges rise just above the Amöneburg and are only separated from each other by the narrow aisles of the Ohm-Lahn estuary, Wohra, (middle) Ohm and Zwester Ohm, the Amöneburg Basin is mainly a basin with at least up to 200 m (relative to the river valleys) high edges, which has the Amöneburg as the only notable (roughly edge high) elevation in the interior.

The boundary of the Amöneburg Basin (clockwise) therefore consists of - with an altitude in meters (m) above sea ​​level (MSL):

and display information about the image
View from the edge of the Lumda plateau above Gontershausen to the eastern Amöneburg Basin ( Ohmtalsenke ). On the left the Amöneburg ( 363  m ) can be clearly seen as an elevation. In the center of the picture the Burgholz ( 379.1  m ) and in the background the Kellerwald ( 675.3  m ). On the right the northern Vogelsberg foreland with the Hochberg ( 359.4  m ) and the town of Homberg (Ohm) .

mountains

Only a few basaltic knolls / hills in the north-east of the basin tower above the shallow land worth mentioning, of which only the Amöneburg almost reaches the height of the edge boundaries - with a height in meters (m) above sea ​​level (MSL; unless otherwise stated):

Localities and denominations

Important places in the Amöneburg Basin are the town of Amöneburg and its districts (Mardorf, Roßdorf, Rüdigheim and Erfurtshausen) in the east, the town of Homberg (Ohm) and some of its districts (Nieder-Ofleiden, Ober-Ofleiden, Haarhausen and Gontershausen) in the southeast, the municipality of Ebsdorfergrund (except Wermertshausen, Roßberg and Beltershausen-Frauenberg) in the south, some Marburg suburbs ( Moischt , Schröck , Bauerbach and Ginseldorf ) - with the higher parts of Moischt (up to just under 280  m ) and Bauerbach (up to just under 300  m ) already to the Lahn Mountains can be counted - in the west, the Cölber districts Bürgeln and Schönstadt in the northwest and some Kirchhain districts - including the core city - in the north. In the far east there are also the villages of Schweinsberg and Niederklein, which belong to Stadtallendorf .

Since Amöneburg can be seen as the "Catholic Center of Central Hesse", it is not surprising that many of the localities in the Amöneburg Basin are Catholic, while in the rest of Central Hesse Catholic places are more the exception. The Catholic places are distributed in a star shape around the basalt cone of the Amöneburg ; within the Amöneburg basin, these are all of the districts of Amöneburg, three of the four suburbs of Marburg (Schröck, Bauerbach and Ginseldorf), the Kirchhain suburbs of Anzefahr, Stausebach and Sindersfeld and the Stadtallendorfer district of Niederklein. The difference between the Catholic and Protestant villages was formerly also evident in the women's costumes. The catholic costume differed significantly from that in the evangelical places (e.g. Marburger ev. Costume) .

Only the municipality of Ebsdorfergrund and the city of Homberg are predominantly completely evangelical - as are Marburg-Moischt, the two Cölber districts Bürgeln and Schönstadt, the Kirchhainer core town along with the suburbs Betziesdorf, Niederwald, Schönbach, Großseelheim and Kleinseelheim, as well as Stadtallendorf-Schweinsberg (which is strongly Lutheran ).

During the territorial reform in 1974 , care was taken to ensure that villages were either assigned to a large community of the same denomination or to one of the three larger cities (Marburg, Kirchhain or Stadtallendorf). Therefore includes e.g. B. the community Ebsdorfergrund - except for Moischt - the Protestant part of the (natural) Ebsdorfer Grund, while the immediately adjoining, Catholic Roßdorf came to Amöneburg.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Geological overview map of Hesse". Historical atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ Gerhard Sandner: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 125 Marburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. →  Online map (PDF; 4.9 MB)
  3. ^ Map and description in the Environmental Atlas of Hesse
  4. ↑ The Environmental Atlas Hessen has a different numbering and lists "Ohmsenke (with Amöneburg)" under 347.0 and "Ebsdorfer Grund" under 347.1.
  5. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  6. ↑ Mainz Castle Amöneburg, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 12, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 19, 2020 .
  7. ^ Wenigenburg, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of August 14, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 19, 2020 .
  8. ↑ See GK 25 Amöneburg in Amöneburg (Berg) #Weblinks
  9. ↑ Mountain height according to unknown / not researched source

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