Schweinsberg (Stadtallendorf)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schweinsberg
Coat of arms of Schweinsberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 5 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 32 ″  E
Height : 205 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.75 km²
Residents : 1200 approx.
Population density : 112 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35260
Area code : 06429
Look into the place
Look into the place

Schweinsberg (also outdated: Schweinsberg an der Ohm ) is a district of Stadtallendorf in the district of Marburg-Biedenkopf in central Hesse .

geography

View of the castle

location

Schweinsberg is flowed around west by the Ohm , which has its source about 30 kilometers southeast near the town of Ulrichstein in Vogelsberg. The Ohm flows through the urban area at the edge for a length of approx. 7 kilometers, where it is divided into 2 river arms northwest of the city, the Mühlgraben and the Ohm. Both arms of the river reunite at the Brücker mill in the city of Amöneburg. The Ohm is partially straightened and has a low flow velocity with strong undercurrents in sections.

In the south, the urban area is bounded by the Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve. The Saurasen nature reserve near Schweinsberg lies to the northeast of the urban area. In the east there are forests of the Schenken zu Schweinsberg, which extend to the village of Dannenrod in the municipality of Homberg (Ohm) in the Vogelberg district. In a south-westerly direction there is the Ohmaue, which serves as a flood protection area and is regularly flooded.

Neighboring communities

Schweinsberg is located southwest of the city center Stadtallendorf an der Ohm. The town of Homberg (Ohm) is located in the southeast of Schweinsberg . In a north-westerly direction are the cities of Amöneburg on the basalt cone of the same name and Kirchhain in the Ohmaue. About 25 kilometers to the west is the city of Marburg / Lahn, which is located behind the ridge of the Lahnberge in the Lahn valley.

Amöneburg, Kirchhain Rauschenberg, Wohratal Stadtallendorf (core town), Neustadt (Hesse)
Marburg (Lahn), Cappel compass Kirtorf, Alsfeld
Ebsdorfergrund, Fronhausen (Lahn) Mücke, Grünberg Homberg (Ohm), Gemünden (Felda)

history

The castle around 1850

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1200. Another mention of Sueinsberg can be found in a document from which the construction of the oldest castle Schweinsberg by the Landgrave of Thuringia Burgmann Guntram von Marburg emerges.

The town and market rights were granted to Schweinsberg in 1332 by Emperor Ludwig IV for appropriate payment, but did not bring about an economic upswing in the rural town. The Schenck zu Schweinsberg family plays a special role in the history of the city . The St. Stephen's Church was completed in the year 1506th However, a fire in 1558 destroyed the church and half the town.

During the Thirty Years War , the city was ravaged by the plague in 1633 and 1634 . In 1635 Schweinsberg was besieged and looted by imperial troops. Another looting took place in 1641; during this looting, the half-built church was also cremated again. In 1646 the Swedish-Hessian army defeated the imperial army at the Ohauser mill . In 1664 the reconstruction of St. Stephen's Church was finished. In 1788 the border was regulated with the neighboring towns of the Electorate of Mainz, as the border lines had repeatedly led to disputes.

On August 18, 1807, Emperor Napoleon I formed the Kingdom of Westphalia with the capital Kassel. It included Hesse-Kassel, Braunschweig and Hanover as well as Prussian areas west of the Elbe. The city of Schweinsberg thus also belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia. The following description was given: Schweinsberg, town on the right bank of the Ohm, the Schencken of Schweinsberg with 110 houses and around 600 people. Schweinsberg was led at that time under the canton Kirchhain an der Wohra and Ohm.

Castle around 2010, view from the south

Schweinsberg has had its own seal and coat of arms since 1818. In 1829 there was a flood disaster in which the market square and the entire historic town center were under water. In 1856 the last city gate on the southwest side of the city was demolished. In 1872 the city founded its own municipal savings bank in the town hall. The purchase of street lamps was carried out in 1884. Another modernization was the opening of the Schweinsberg – Kirchhain railway section of the Ohmtalbahn . The construction of our own water pipeline in 1906 and the construction of an electrical lighting system with the associated transformer station in 1920 were further improvements to the infrastructure.

In 1907 Emilie Freifrau Schenck zu Schweinsberg donated a building as a "home for a toddler school". According to the deed of foundation, the “entry fee” should have been 0.50 marks and the “debt - without setting limits to charity - 0.10 marks per person per week.” Until December 31, 2016, the Protestant parish Schweinsberg, is still the owner and runs a kindergarten there . This was on January 1, 2017 in the Zweckverband Ev. Day care centers for children integrated in the Kirchhain church district .

In 1925 and 1926, a bathing establishment with a bathing hall and changing rooms was opened at the Ohm. In 1935, a severe storm destroyed the simple station building at the Schweinsberg stop.

In 1963 the land consolidation and the Ohm regulation began.

On December 31, 1971, Schweinsberg was incorporated into the city ​​of Allendorf , district of Marburg (then the official name of the city) as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

The community center in Schweinsberg was inaugurated in 1976.

In 1980 the Ohm Valley Railway was shut down for passenger traffic. Since then, the railway line has only been used for freight traffic and on selected dates with historical railways, e.g. B. drive steam locomotives and the popular "red rail bus" (affectionately called "Roter Brummer").

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Schweinsberg was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration was taken over by the districts. The Kirchhain district was responsible for the administration and the Kirchhain Justice Office as the court of first instance for Schweinsberg. The highest court was the Kassel Higher Appeal Court . The higher court of Marburg was subordinate to the province of Upper Hesse . It was the second instance for the Kirchhain Justice Office. The patrimonial jurisdiction of the Schweinsberg taverns remained in place until 1845.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the justice office became the royal Prussian district court of Kirchhain in 1867 . In June 1867, a royal ordinance was issued that reorganized the court system in the areas that belonged to the former Electorate of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous judicial office was renamed the Kirchhain District Court. The courts of the higher authorities were the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

With the entry into force of the Courts Constitution Act of 1879, the district court continued to exist under his name. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

Population development

Occupied population figures are:

  • 1683: 75 people in the house , labor force: 24 craftsmen, 10 day laborers,
  • 1747: 124 house seats, 620 inhabitants
  • 1792: 621 inhabitants (excluding nobles).
  • 1811: 749 souls, 371 male, 378 female
  • 1822: 915 souls,, 146 fireplaces
  • 1838: 992 residents, including 199 local residents who are entitled to use, 43 local residents who are not entitled to use, 23  residents .
  • 1855: 1021 inhabitants, 182 houses
  • 1860: 1021 inhabitants, 163 houses
  • 1906: 780 inhabitants, 148 houses, 197 households
Schweinsberg: Population from 1747 to 1996
year     Residents
1747
  
 620
1792
  
 621
1809
  
 688
1811
  
 749
1822
  
 915
1834
  
 959
1840
  
 1,022
1846
  
 1,030
1852
  
 1,059
1858
  
 979
1864
  
 984
1871
  
 933
1875
  
 803
1885
  
 839
1895
  
 844
1905
  
 780
1910
  
 809
1925
  
 887
1939
  
 830
1946
  
 1,291
1950
  
 1,294
1956
  
 1,092
1961
  
 1.008
1967
  
 1,027
1970
  
 988
1982
  
 1,201
1993
  
 1,083
1996
  
 1,122
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1822: 850  Lutherans , 30  Reformed , 8 Catholics, 27  Israelites
• 1861: 890 Evangelical Lutheran, 10 Evangelical Reformed, 12 Roman Catholic, 46 Jewish residents
• 1885: 785 Protestant (= 93.56%), 14 Catholic (= 1.67%), 40 Jewish (= 4.77%) residents
• 1957: 978 Protestant , 94 Roman Catholic, 12 non-denominational residents
• 1961: 934 Protestant (= 92.66%), 60 Catholic (= 5.95%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1683: Labor force: 24 craftsmen, 10 day laborers
• 1792: Labor force: 13 shoemakers, 1 butcher, 4  benders , 7 tailors, 3 brewers, 5 linen weavers, 1 surgeon, 3 carpenters, 3 blacksmiths, 1 innkeeper, 1 fisherman, 2 millers, 3 shepherds, 4 trade Jews, 17 day laborers, 29 individual women .
• 1838: Families: 40 agriculture, 79 trades, 33 day laborers.
• 1961: Labor force: 134 agriculture and forestry (29.1%), 229 manufacturing (49.8%), 46 trade and transport (10.0%), 51 services and other (11.1%).

Jewish life in Schweinsberg

Jewish residents in Schweinsberg:

1822: 27 inhabitants 1860: 42 inhabitants 1933: 28 inhabitants
1827: 31 inhabitants 1861: 46 inhabitants 1938: 21 inhabitants
1833: 34 inhabitants 1882: 39 inhabitants 1939: 21 inhabitants
1835: 31 inhabitants 1895: 45 inhabitants 1940: 17 inhabitants
1853: 34 inhabitants 1925: 32 inhabitants 1942: no more in summer

There are no documents from the tradition for the Middle Ages. Ruprecht Schenck zu Schweinsberg had received the right to settle 4 Jews in January 1332. The first verifiable admission of Jews is available for 1594. The two Jews Manasse and Gombrecht were resettled through a letter of protection from Schencken zu Schweinsberg . Four Jews are named from the donation's building bills in 1614/1615. In the following years the number fluctuates between one and a maximum of five.

The main activity of the Jewish inhabitants in Upper Hesse comprised the cattle trade, the cattle exploitation and the resale of animal products. Occasionally, there was also a small pawn shop.

Information board at the Jewish cemetery in Schweinsberg with information on the town's history
Information board at the Jewish cemetery in Schweinsberg with information on the town's history

The Jewish population certainly did not have the same legal status as the Schweinsbergers, but they were not defenseless. For example, a Schweinsberger and his daughter were punished in 1650 for beating the Jew Sarra in Hanß Rupen Hauß . The freedom of movement of the Jewish population was also restricted. After New Year 1666, Salm, Nehem's son, was punished by the Erbschencken because he had gone to the Alsfeld market without giving notice.

Conflicts with the Schweinsbergers were not lacking. It is reported that Simon Schutzjud, head of the Jews in Schweinsberg, complained about broken windows and that the Jew Simon had his arm cut in two on the street. Although a lot of people gathered on the bright day, no one intervened. The administrator's report of January 12, 1730 reports a lack of respect for the authorities, but also the way they deal with the Jews.

In the 18th century the Jewish population increased and they owned their own houses. 11 families are recorded for 1744. The cadastral map of 1774 shows the Jewish cemetery on the outskirts of the city (in today's Kleeweg). In 1792 a Jewish school / prayer house is mentioned. A government decree of May 1816 stipulated that children of Jewish faith must attend public school. Participation was compulsory in all subjects, with the exception of religious education.

The actual synagogue was first mentioned in 1822 with a repair list. In 1872 the synagogue burned down in a major city fire. The new synagogue (in today's Biegenstrasse) was consecrated in 1874. In 1924 a 50th anniversary celebration was held at which Samuel Schaumberg (born in 1884 in Schweinsberg) gave the sermon.

On November 9, 1938 , the synagogue in today's Biegenstrasse was destroyed. A Jewish cemetery that is no longer in use is still in Schweinsberg today.

Mayor

Since the incorporation on January 1, 1972, the following mayors have been active in Schweinsberg:

  • January 1, 1972 - June 5, 1972: Hans Gontermann
  • June 6, 1972 - November 30, 1972: Friedrich Koch
  • November 30, 1972 - November 30, 1974: Johannes Fuchs
  • November 30, 1974 - June 30, 1976: Ernst Grischow
  • June 30, 1976 - April 28, 1981: Karl Hesse
  • April 28, 1981 - April 1, 1997: Georg Fleischhauer
  • since April 1, 1997: Adolf Fleischhauer

Natural spaces

The Schweinsberger Moor

The Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve is close to the village . This fen was designated in 1977 as the 100th nature reserve in Hesse. It contains the largest contiguous reed area in central and northern Hesse. Rare and endangered species such as common snipe , marsh harrier and heron find a safe haven on more than 43 hectares .

The dikes resulting from the water protection measures can be walked on and provide access to the moor for a part. Guided tours of the moor can be carried out after prior registration with the local nature conservation group. Public tours are held at irregular intervals.

On the western edge of the Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve runs the route of the Ohmtal Railway, which is used for goods transport. In a westerly direction, the Ohm has its river bed , with flow towards Rüdigheim and Amöneburg.

Economy and Infrastructure

The Schweinsberger market

The city of Schweinsberg has had the same market rights as the city of Frankfurt am Main since it was granted city rights in 1332. A market square has been mentioned since 1724 as a common place where people played for baked donuts and wake at the fair. In 1725, there is talk of the Place and Marcktplatz . In 1730 Schweinsberg is referred to as a Flecken , which could indicate a weekly market. In the same year the mayor, council and citizens turned to the government of Marburg with the request for approval of some annual markets. However, the government councilors consulted and the Schencken zu Schweinsberg criticized the unfavorable location of the city. The appraisers feared that this border town would only go to foreign shopkeepers and bring the money out of the country.

The place should be prepared to be 10 rods wide and 12 rods long. Initially, for reasons of cost, little was done until the government turned again in 1744. In the request it was stated that the paths had been repaired and in Mainz Mardorf too, efforts would have been made to repair the paths. The Landgrave had no concerns and approved the desired facility and granted the city of Schweinsberg on the date of 8/19. May 1744 the longed-for privilege to transport her food several times . The first market day was supposed to be July 23, 1744. After a controversial discussion, it still took place in Straße Im Tal and a solemn pageant was held. The first market remained peaceful and was a success. In 1746 permission was asked for the 4th market.

After the successful start of the markets until 1756, things soon went downhill. From 1763 to 1819, no market and stall fee could be found in the city accounts. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) will have had a negative impact here.

The Schweinsberg markets were never very important, but the market square was always a central place for the Schweinsbergers. The market place got its present appearance to a large extent through the renovation of the village in 1992.

post Office

Up until the 19th century, it was common for letters to be sent by messenger. For the city of Schweinsberg it was noted in the budget in 1811 that the postman was allowed to use a meadow on the Biegen to get the letters to Marburg.

In 1866 there was a post office in Schweinsberg for the Kirchhain post office and the Homberg (Ohm) postal expedition. The post administrator was the host of the Zur Post inn. The first country postman was called Johann Georg Urbach, his successors were Nikolaus Leinweber (from 1873) and Ernst Müller (from 1896). Ernst Müller sometimes picked up the post in Schweinsberg twice a day.

In 1894, the city built a new post office building in the Arrow Gardens and rented it to the Reich Postal Administration. Post administrators were formerly Lembach (1895) and Eidam (1900). In 1923 the city took back the post office and moved the city treasury and the mayor's office there. The post office was converted into a post office and operated in the house of the grocer Moritz Stamm.

On December 1, 1951, the branch post office moved into the premises of the former municipal savings bank in the old town hall. It remained there as post office I until 1994. After that, the post was again operated as an agency. Today there is no post office / post office in the village anymore.

Banking

In 1872 the first city savings bank was founded in Schweinsberg, which developed positively up to the First World War . At the end of 1914 it had a deposit of 1,168,212 marks.

After the inflation of 1923 , the Stadtsparkasse recovered, but by decree of the regional council of October 6, 1931, it was converted into a branch of the Marburg district savings bank on December 1, 1931. As a result, the city received a reserve fund of 3,000 marks, which could be used to repay tax and interest debts.

The Volks- und Raiffeisenbank in Schweinsberg is the branch of the former Raiffeisenbank Kirchhain. It was initially housed in the rooms of the granary. In 1967 the then Raiffeisenbank built a modern bank and office building that still houses the branch today. The building has been rebuilt and renovated in recent years to meet today's security requirements.

Regional traffic

The following three state roads meet in the village

  • L3073 from / to Kirchhain or Homberg (Ohm)
  • L3290 in / from direction Stadtallendorf
  • L3343 in / from the direction of Dannenrod

Public transport

The public transport is a city bus to Stadtallendorf and by the bus services of the Rhine-Main Transport Association ensured (RMV).

Schweinsberg has a train station on the Kirchhain – Burg- and Nieder-Gemünden railway line , which since May 31, 1980 has only been used for goods traffic to the adjacent basalt works.

Biking and hiking trails

Several hiking and cycling trails lead through Schweinsberg and the surrounding area. The most important are:

  • The Hessian long- distance cycle route R6, which begins in Diemelstadt in the north of Hesse and runs mainly on paved roads to Lampertheim in the south, crosses the city area. The total length of the long-distance cycle route R6 is approximately 380 kilometers. About 11 kilometers away at Kirchhain there is a connection to the Hessischer Radfernweg R2 .
  • The GEO tour “Cross and Cross”, it leads as a circular route from the foot of the Amöneburg via Rüdigheim to the nature reserve Schweinsberger Moor and then through the Ohm valley back to the starting point.
  • The star trail from Marburg to the Hoherodskopf in Vogelsberg leads via Schweinsberg.
  • The orchard meadow route , which leads through Schweinsberg at the Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve information point , through the historic town center and across the market square to the local café with an attached wine press . The orchard meadow route is laid out as a circular route and is best explored by bike or on foot.

Personalities

Personalities born in Schweinsberg

Johann Georg Estor, Professors Gallery (Giessen)

People who lived or worked in Schweinsberg

literature

  • Georg Hassel, Geographical Statistical Outline of the Kingdom of Holland, published by the publishing house of the country, Weimar 1809, p. 491
  • Brigitte Beier, Neue Chronik der Weltgeschichte, Chronik Verlag 2007, p. 483
  • Hessian long-distance cycle route R6, From Waldecker Land to the Rhine Valley , VUD Verlag und Druck GmbH, ISBN 3-923719-58-2
  • Literature on Schweinsberg in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Schweinsberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schweinsberg in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Schweinsberg, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 2, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population on the Stadtallendorf website , accessed in March 2013
  3. ↑ Brigitte Beier, Neue Chronik der Weltgeschichte, Chronik Verlag 2007, p. 483
  4. ↑ Georg Hassel, Geographical and Statistical Outline of the Kingdom of Holland, published by the Land Publishers, Weimar 1809, p. 491
  5. ↑ The foundation of the kindergarten | Evangelical parish of Schweinsberg. In: www.kirchengemeinde-schweinsberg.de. Retrieved January 18, 2017 .
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 403 .
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ The affiliation of the Kirchhain office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  115 ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224 .
  11. ↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts., Weimar 1823, p.  158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  12. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territories with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf from June 19, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1085-1094 )
  13. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 19 of this year. J. in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territorial parts with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 221–224 )
  14. ↑ From 1982 Stadtallendorf
  15. ↑ City history | Evangelical parish of Schweinsberg. Retrieved January 19, 2017 .
  16. ↑ GEO tour “Kreuz und Quer” . In: Website Stadtallendorf. Accessed October 2017.
  17. ↑ On the Sternweg to the Hoherodskopf . ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Vogelsberg volcano. Retrieved in October 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vogelsberg-touristik.de