Schweinsberger Moor
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Schweinsberger Moor
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 The Schweinsberger Moor |
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| location | Hessen , Germany | |
| surface | 42.51 hectares | |
| Identifier | 1534002 | |
| WDPA ID | 82573 | |
| FFH area | 42.51 hectares (fully included) | |
| Bird sanctuary | 42.51 hectares (fully included) | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 46 ' N , 8 ° 58' E | |
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| Setup date | 1977 | |
| administration | Regional council of Giessen | |
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The Schweinsberger Moor is a low moor on the southern edge of the urban area of Schweinsberg an der Ohm in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .
The nature reserve
The Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve became the 100th nature reserve in Hesse in 1977 . Today it is looked after by the local nature conservation group and is the responsibility of the regional council of Giessen .
meaning
The varied shoreline landscape of the Schweinsberger Moor offers a large number of plants and animal species a valuable habitat and, due to the existing range of species, represents a nationally important place of biodiversity. It is especially important for water birds as a breeding, resting and wintering place. In autumn, resting societies of rare water birds are regularly observed. The reed and reed areas in the area, which are little influenced by humans, are important for the conservation of certain species that depend on these areas. Among the insects , the large butterflies with many species, the dragonflies and the grasshoppers are particularly noticeable. The Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve is part of the bird sanctuary no. 5219-401 "Amöneburg Basin".
geography
The Schweinsberger Moor is located in the nature reserve of the same name in the Ohm valley of the Amöneburg basin . At the south and east end it borders on the Vogelsbergkreis , between the places Nieder-Ofleiden and Erfurtshausen . The Schweinsberger Moor is 202 meters above sea level and is therefore slightly lower than the settlement area.
The small open water area was created by peat extraction and interventions by nature conservation measures in 1980. It is necessary to create open areas for waders and water birds. Due to the more than 43 hectare area, the Schweinsberger Moor contains the largest contiguous reed area in central and northern Hesse. The moor, which is difficult to access, is not cut through by paths.
Emergence
The Schweinsberger Moor is located in the Amöneburg Basin. Geologically, this is an old subsidence area that broke up in the Tertiary into several individual clods, one of which, the current Schweinsberger Depression, sank particularly deep and this tendency still maintains today. Its peat layer is up to four meters thick and grows by one millimeter per year; growth used to be slower. A further expansion of the moor is prevented by flood protection dikes. A small weir regulates the stagnation and drainage of the water; the subsequent ditch drains into the Ohm .
Water balance
In the rear part of the moor, viewed from Schweinsberg to the southeast, there is a quarry forest of alder, poplar, birch and willow. In this area the moor is fed by four to five springs.
The water level in the moor fluctuates considerably according to the seasonally changing water flow of its most important drain, the Ohm. A small weir in the outlet to the moat prevents too much water from escaping from the bog. The lowest water level is usually reached in high summer in the months of July and August.
Diversity of habitats
Due to the long shoreline and the networking with other habitats, such as the Ohmaue and the nearby forest areas, there are many small-scale habitats. The regular flooding of the Ohmaue and the Schweinsberger Moor has always allowed the residents only extensive agriculture . This created a diverse mosaic of natural landscape (near the shore) and cultural landscape , but mostly only meadows. Natural, original habitats are z. B. the shallow water zones and reed beds , the remains of the orchard meadows, however, were created through agricultural use.
Shallow water zones
The existing shallow water zones are used by many species of birds as food, rearing, moulting and resting place, inter alia, little grebe , great crested grebes and mute swan , Gadwall , teal , mallard , teal , shoveler , pochard and tufted duck , coot and herons, at low tide and by Waders.
The rare kingfisher can find enough hide here to successfully catch small fish.
Reed dishes
The bank area and large parts of the area of the nature reserve are for the most part occupied by reed beds, which mainly consist of reeds . The reeds reach mean water depths of about 1–2 m, on land they are replaced by the stiff sedge .
In the east of the area, in the quarry forest, the reed belt is relatively narrow or patchy, in the southern part the reeds are completely present on the area. The reed reaches a width of over 500 m in an east-west extension. The reedbed habitat looks rather monotonous, but is characterized by high productivity. Reed can reach heights of up to 5 m, young shoots grow 2–4 cm daily. Reeds protect the bank against many outside influences and are habitat for numerous animals. Divers, ducks , Coot , marsh harrier , reed warbler and reed warbler and the rare warbler nest here. Many other bird species use the reed beds as a feeding and resting place, and large groups of swallows , starlings and stilts can often be found in the passage . Many insects and other small animals have specialized in the reed, amphibians use the reeds as spawning grounds.
Woods
In the small floodplain forest area, there are some beautiful individual white willow, poplar, black alder and younger oak trees. Most of the trees in the nature reserve are bushes that have settled on the rather damp meadows and along the dikes. Common species include blackthorn , buckthorn , common snowball, and various species of willow and maple. Typical bird species in the bushes are nightingale , garden warbler and blackcap , chiffchaff , fitis and great tit .
Care work by the nature conservation authorities
The regional council of Giessen and the Lower Nature Conservation Authority of Marburg, as the responsible nature conservation authorities, are responsible for the content and objectives of the Protected Area Ordinance and for its maintenance. The grazing is done by sheep, which wander over the edge of the moor and keep the growth of young trees and grass short.
natural reserve
fauna
From the lookout building and from the dykes, animals living in the moor can be observed constantly or temporarily throughout the year, some of them more during the day, others more in the morning or in the evening. In addition to the typical animals there are the endangered snipe and meadow pipit . Mallard ducks , common rush damsel and many other dragonfly species live in the area of the water . Gray herons have their roost at the rear edge of the water surface .
There are many species of mammals in the nature reserve . These include pine marten , polecat and swamp shrew . The swamp shrew lives very hidden. Polecat and pine marten can be found in the late afternoon in summer. Other representatives of the predators such as ermine , (large weasel), mouse weasel (small weasel) and especially the fox can be observed in the summer on the adjacent meadows and the freshly mown meadows of the Ohmaue during the day. With a little luck, white stork societies are back on the hunt for voles and frogs there. Beech marten , badger and raccoon become active at night . The raccoon is well represented because it has few enemies and reproduces well. Of the domestic ungulates , roe deer can be found in the area all year round, they have enough cover and food. The wild backlog has been increasing for several years and can the clutches of ground-nesting birds are dangerous. Native are hare , squirrel , dormouse , dwarf , forest and yellow-necked mouse on voles the earth , field and bank voles , the Vole and the muskrat . The insectivores include the aforementioned swamp shrew, wood shrew, dwarf shrew, water shrew as well as moles and hedgehogs .
In the nature reserve there are four species of bats , the great mouse- eared , the brown long-eared , fringed and rarely the aquatic species . Mallard and teal as well as pond and blessrails breed regularly in the reed belt . Broods of Marsh Harrier are particularly noteworthy . Occasionally, on the migration Tableware , spit , whistling , herons and marsh ducks and cranes can be observed, and also with a bit of luck Sandpiper , breakage and green sandpiper , green and redshank and the reed bunting .
Most noticeable to visitors are the larger birds of prey when circling and hunting in the open areas. The most common are the red kite , kestrel and buzzard . In addition, there is rarely the honey buzzard and, as a rarity, the winter guest buzzard . Great harriers , marsh harriers and Montagu's harriers , which pass through or rest there every year, can be made out, as can the black kite and, very rarely, the osprey . The sparrowhawk is rarely seen hunting, which also applies to the larger hawk .
In the domestic owls are tawny owl and long-eared owl regularly heard and seen occasionally at dusk. The short-eared owl sporadically roams the area and can only be spotted by chance. In the area hunting owls and Raufußkauze become noticeable by its distinctive call. The wood pigeon breeds regularly in and around the area , the smaller turtledove only rarely. By Green Woodpecker , non-ferrous and rare in Bruchwald with the black woodpecker are woodpeckers represented. As a result of the forest damage in the spruce stands in the area, they have no feeding problems. A typical summer bird is the cuckoo , which is more common both in the moor and in the adjacent Ohmaue.
For the rather inconspicuous snipe , certain smaller meadows are mowed in the nature reserve so that you can go looking for food there. The snipe lives in open wet meadows, spring swamps and low moor areas and is therefore particularly worthy of protection in the Schweinsberger Moor. The snipe breeds here every year and, like the woodcock, is noticeable when it flies . Unfortunately, the eye-catching lapwing has almost disappeared and can only be observed as a guest on the train in autumn and spring. The corncrake is present in the area, but very rarely and is usually only noticed by its reputation. The partridge is rare in the area and only breeds irregularly and with varying success. During the migration time, the little quail reveals itself with its call.
Marsh warbler , field owl and black warbler can be found in the bushy areas . In the loose scrub and bushes in some rare live Shrike and Red-backed Shrike . Fallow areas with thistles and perennials are perennials for bloodlines (rare), goldfinches , stonechats and whinchat . A specialty are the bluethroats , which are white and red starred. The meadow pipit and the skylark are native to structurally poor grassland. The carrion crow and jay have increased significantly as a result of the high corn cultivation outside the area. The magpie is now breeding close to the area and is increasingly appearing here. The common raven has been flying over the area for several years .
Rarely found the mountain lizard and in the catchment area who come sand lizard and the Alpine newt before. The partially new creation of celestial ponds boosted the population of common toad and common frog , while the adder has not been found in the area since the 1980s. The grass snake feels moors, heaths, moist lowlands and natural still water areas very well and therefore can be observed sporadically in Schweinberger Moor and the adjacent Ohmaue.
The common species of butterflies can be observed, but here too the population is declining. Dragonfly species are not limited to the moorland. These include the arctic emerald dragonfly , brown damsel and blue-green damsel and blue dragonfly . The locusts are an important indicator of the biotope quality of the grassland and the moisture status of the fens. Usually all areas are only populated by drought-loving grasshopper species.
reachability
The area is best reached from Schweinsberg. There are enough parking spaces directly at the nature reserve. From the parking lot, guided tours on the moor start at irregular intervals or upon prior request. There is also an observation building nearby, which is looked after by the local conservation group.
Special features Schweinsberger Moor
- At high tide, the direction of flow of the drainage ditch reverses and the water from the Ohm flows into the moor. Fish species such as tench and pike can get into the moor and spawn there.
- The moor has its own microclimate. Measurements over the course of a year showed that July was the only frost-free month.
See also
Web links
- Hessian Nature Conservation Information System (NATUREG) , called the end of April 2014. WDPA ID, coordinates and date were the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) of the European Environment Agency taken
- Information from the regional council of Giessen on the Schweinsberger Moor nature reserve , accessed on July 26, 2020
- Information on the Schweinsberger Moor at burgschweinsberg.de , accessed on July 26, 2020