Nieder-Ofleiden

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Nieder-Ofleiden
City of Homberg (Ohm)
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 14 "  N , 8 ° 58 ′ 14"  E
Height : 208  (203-260)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.49 km²
Residents : 772  (Sep 30, 2015)
Population density : 141 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 35315
Area code : 06429

Nieder-Ofleiden is a district of Homberg (Ohm) in the Vogelsbergkreis in central Hesse .

geography

location

The municipality of Nieder-Ofleiden, one of 14 districts of the city of Homberg ad Ohm, is located about 15 km southeast of Marburg, on the southeast edge of the Amöneburg basin (Ohmtalsenke) at the foot of the 358 m high mountain. The river “Ohm”, a tributary of the Lahn, flows below the village. Nieder-Ofleiden has a predominantly rural structure.

Neighboring places

Mardorf Langenstein Lehrbach
Rauischholzhausen Neighboring communities Dannenrod
Ceiling brook Homberg Maulbach

history

The oldest known written mention took place between 750 and 779 in the Codex Eberhardi under the name Vfleida , but before the 13th century it is not possible to distinguish whether it is Nieder- or Ober-Ofleiden. Nieder-Ofleiden is probably mentioned for the first time in 1151, but certainly in 1264, when Guntram Schenck zu Schweinsberg donated some farms in Nieder-Ofleiden to the Cistercian Abbey of Haina. A later letter from Schencken Johannes and Heidenreich zu Schweinsberg to Landgrave Landgrave Volpracht von Schwalbach on June 8, 1395 mentions that Nieder-Ofleiden paid tithes and interest pensions to the episcopal cellarer of Amöneburg in the 13th and 14th centuries. At the time of the Thirty Years' War the population increased, while other villages suffered great losses, it is believed that Nieder-Ofleiden was spared the plague.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Nieder-Ofleiden in 1830:

“Niederofleiden (L. Bez. Kirtorf) evangel. Filialdorf, located on the Ohm, 2 1 ⁄ 2  St. from Kirtors, has 79 houses and 503 inhabitants, all of whom are Protestant. One finds here 1 church, 1 school house, a border secondary customs office 2nd class, and a quarry of white sandstones. The previous name was Uffleyden inferius . Guntram, Schenk von Schweinsberg, owned goods here that he gave to the Haina monastery in 1264 for the salvation of his wife Gisela. "

History of the school system

In the 17th century the community of Nieder-Ofleiden received its own school. The first school was on the property of the HJ Lanz family, later in the home of the Karl Pfeil family, both in Mittelstrasse. The teacher, who was also a craftsman, taught 2 hours in the summer and 6 hours in the winter. This was followed by the construction of a separate teacher's house at Schulstrasse 1. In 1912 a two-class school building was built, which also housed the mayor's office. With the new building of the "Ohmtalschule" in Homberg / Ohm, the school operation in Nieder-Ofleiden was stopped in 1974.

Towards the end of the 19th century Germany's first economic women's school was founded in Nieder-Ofleiden by Dorette Freifrau Schenck zu Schweinsberg and Miss Ida von Korzfleisch. Cooking, housework, laundry care, gardening, poultry farming and economic administration were taught. In 1898 a kindergarten and a housekeeping school for rural women were added. The education of rural youth is still known today under the name "Reifenstein'scher Association of Economically Oriented Women's Schools".

History of the quarry

Nieder-Ofleiden basalt quarry 2010

The building contractor Busch acquired the site for 2,700  Reichsmarks and opened a basalt quarry . In 1909 it was sold to Mitteldeutsche Hartstein Industrie AG for over 51,000 Reichsmarks , and in 1928 over 400 workers were employed. The dismantling was mostly done manually until 1948 and was associated with difficult working conditions.

The increase in population, which has been observed since the beginning of the 20th century, was also related to mining. In the course of the  global economic crisis , many employees had to be laid off before the construction of the Reichsautobahn brought the upswing. During the  Second World War  , French prisoners of war had to do forced labor in the quarry  . The partial mechanization of the dismantling began in 1948. Today the workforce comprises around 40 employees. The quarry is one of the largest and most modern facilities in the world.

National Socialism

In the Reichstag elections of 1933, almost half of Nieder-Ofleider's citizens voted for the two left-wing parties SPD  and KPD . As reported by the Oberhessische Zeitung , an argument broke out on June 17, 1932, when members of the communist party attacked 54 supporters of the SA Alsfeld , which led to numerous arrests in the village.

During the Second World War, a fully loaded ammunition train was attacked by low-flying aircraft between the basalt works and the train station , but only destroyed its locomotive. There was also only one bomb drop, a dud .

post war period

In the times of the economic miracle , all roads were paved and provided with lighting . Community buildings followed, such as a freezer, a fire station with a building yard, a breeding bull pen and a fire extinguishing cistern .

In 1972, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, it was incorporated as a district in the city of Homberg / Ohm, which caused displeasure among many residents. In the years 2010–2016, the municipality recorded the greatest growth in business people in the city area.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Nieder-Ofleiden was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the "Office Homberg an der Ohm" was responsible for Nieder-Ofleiden. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional courts in 1821 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. " Regional Court Homberg an der Ohm " was therefore from 1821 to 1879 the name of the court of first instance in Homberg an der Ohm, which was responsible for Nieder-Ofleiden.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts at the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Local Court Homberg an der Ohm" and Allocation to the district of the regional court in Giessen . On June 15, 1943, the court became a branch of the Alsfeld District Court, but was converted into a full court again with effect from June 1, 1948. On July 1, 1968, the Homberg District Court was dissolved and Nieder-Ofleiden was assigned to the Kirchhain District Court . In 1973 the city of Homberg an der Ohm and with it Nieder-Ofleiden moved to the jurisdiction of the Alsfeld district court . The regional court of Giessen , the higher regional court of Frankfurt am Main and the Federal Court of Justice are now in higher-level instances.

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 040 house seats with eight cars
• 1791: 315 inhabitants
• 1800: 360 inhabitants
• 1806: 403 inhabitants, 63 houses
• 1829: 503 inhabitants, 79 houses
• 1867: 441 inhabitants, 72 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 404 inhabitants, 72 inhabited buildings
Nieder-Ofleiden: Population from 1791 to 2015
year     Residents
1791
  
 315
1800
  
 360
1806
  
 403
1829
  
 503
1834
  
 496
1840
  
 480
1846
  
 504
1852
  
 528
1858
  
 482
1864
  
 435
1871
  
 404
1875
  
 404
1885
  
 436
1895
  
 400
1905
  
 435
1910
  
 460
1925
  
 489
1939
  
 817
1946
  
 860
1950
  
 867
1956
  
 807
1961
  
 789
1967
  
 900
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 801
2015
  
 772
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 503 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 677 Protestant (= 85.80%), 104 Catholic (= 13.18%) residents

Culture and sights

Natural monuments

Linden tree at the old sheep trough

Linden tree at the old sheep trough

This gnarled old linden tree stands to the east, above the village, by a group of trees in an open field. Together with other linden and other trees, it forms the remains of an old hat . A long trough for watering the grazing cattle is still there.
The base of the linden tree shows bark laid in bizarre folds and bulges. The trunk has a last measured circumference of 6.05 m and branches out even at a low height to form a widespread crown of strong individual branches.
Not far from the old sheep trough, a little further north-east of this, is the natural monument

Thick stones

Rock cone in a group of trees that can already be seen as a small forest. A barbecue area was created at the natural monument.

other natural monuments in Nieder-Ofleiden

See: List of natural monuments in Homberg (Ohm)

societies

The following associations shape the cultural life in the village:

Economy and Infrastructure

In addition to a large industrial park run by INO, which also houses the Rhine / Ruhr container terminal, Europe's largest basalt quarry, owned by the MHI company, is also located in the municipal area, and every three years it is the venue for the world's largest demonstration fair, "Steinexpo". With 160 ha it is the largest of its kind in Europe. Around 800,000 t of basalt are mined annually. There is also a large bakery, a gas station, a hotel with an adjoining cafe and numerous smaller businesses in the village.

Local public transport is provided by a bus line operated by the Upper Hesse transport company.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Nieder-Ofleiden, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Data and facts. In: Website of the city of Homberg (Ohm). Accessed October 2017.
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 190 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ↑ The affiliation of the Homberg an der Ohm office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  7. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) IV. ( online at google books ).
  8. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 8 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  260 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  10. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 419 ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 143 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  12. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  13. ↑ circular order by Reich Minister of Justice of 20 May 1943 - 3200/7 - Ia 9 995 - Subject: simplify judicial organization.
  14. ↑ Decree of the Hessian Minister of Justice of May 24, 1948 - 3210/1 - Ia 1961 - Subject: Conversion of the branch district court Homberg (Upper Hesse). ( Law on measures in the field of court organization and court constitution of November 17, 1953. In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1953 No. 30 , p. 189–191 , Annexes 1. ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 1,3 MB ]). )
  15. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 2 b) and Article 2, Paragraph 8 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  16. ↑ Fifth Act to Amend the Court Organization Act of June 12, 1973 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1973 No.  15 , p. 199–201 , Article 1, Point 10.33 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 385 kB ]).
  17. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  198 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  18. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  215 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  19. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 117 ( online at google books ).
  20. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 12 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 13 ( online at google books ).
  21. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  22. ↑ "Two lime trees near Nieder-Ofleiden" in the tree register at www.baumkunde.de