Rohrschwirl
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Rohrschwirl ( Locustella luscinioides ) |
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| Locustella luscinioides | ||||||||||||
| ( Savi , 1824) |
The Rohrschwirl ( Locustella luscinioides ) is a songbird from the grass warbler family (Locustellidae). There are three subspecies.
The Rohrschwirl is a widespread, locally frequent breeding and summer bird in Central Europe.
features
The Rohrschwirl becomes 14 cm long and 12-24 g in weight. The tail is broad, rounded and clearly tiered. The plumage is largely brown and unpatterned. The over-eye stripe is indistinct and short.
distribution
The Rohrschwirl occurs from Western Europe and northwest Africa to the Urals. A sub-area separated from it extends from the foot region of the Central Asian mountains in western Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to the Ob, the northwest of Mongolia and the west of Tian Shan . Its distribution area shows partly larger distribution gaps in central and southern latitudes of Europe including northwest Africa and the Middle East.
hikes
The Rohrschwirl is a long-distance migrant at night, whose main wintering areas are between the southern edge of the Sahara and the northern edge of the closed rainforest in Africa. Western European breeding birds migrate in a south-southwest direction, while Central European and Eastern European breeding birds migrate in a south-easterly direction. The high point of the move in Central Europe falls in the first weeks of August. Stragglers can occasionally be observed until October. Swirls return to their Central European breeding areas mostly in April.
habitat
The Rohrschwirl needs extensive water-based silting zones in nutrient-rich lakes and moors. There old reed beds serve as a singing station . He avoids heavily bushed areas, even if the area meets his other requirements. Examples of Rohrschwirlareale are large sedge reeds that are overgrown with some reeds or cattails, reeds with undergrowth such as sedges, cattails and swaths of water. On the passage it stays in similar biotopes, but also uses herbaceous meadows and even grain fields.
behavior
The Rohrschwirl lives less hidden than the Feldschwirl . In the event of a fault, he calls “zik” briefly, at the nest “pit”. The singing is significantly deeper than that of the Feldschwirl and has shorter verses, which are often introduced with shorter, accelerating elements: "tik tiktiktik ... örr". When the Rohrschwirl is frightened, it falls into a stake position with its neck stretched upwards and its tail pressed into the ground.
food
The Rohrschwirl looks for insects and spiders in the reeds, climbing, often with wing support, diagonally up the stalks or sitting straddled between two stalks.
Reproduction
The Rohrschwirl breeds twice from May to June in extensive silting areas of water with reeds, cattails and rushes. He builds a large, partially covered nest from stalks and reed leaves in a dense reed stand just above the water.
Duration
The European population is estimated at 530,000 to 800,000 breeding pairs. The largest populations occur in Romania with 360,000 to 480,000 breeding pairs. Russia has 50,000 to 100,000 breeding pairs and Ukraine between 55,000 and 75,000 breeding pairs. The Central European breeding pair population is estimated at 31,000 to 75,000 breeding pairs. In Germany there are around 3,300 to 7,500 breeding pairs, in Austria there are 1,700 to 2,400 and in Switzerland between 250 and 300 pairs. In principle, considerable small-scale and short-term population fluctuations are typical for this species. In some cases, since the 1960s and 1970s, habitat destruction through the draining of wetlands has led to regional population collapses and even to the extinction of individual occurrences. In the north and east of Central Europe, however, the population numbers have increased as well as in Eastern Europe and the Baltic States. As a result of the reduced use of the reed stocks by mowing and thus a stronger aging of the reed stocks, for example, there has been an increase in stocks at Lake Neusiedl, which leads to one of the most important European breeding sites. There are between 3,000 and 5,000 breeding pairs.
literature
- Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes - passerine birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0 .
Web links
- Entry at the Swiss Ornithological Institute
- Age and gender characteristics of Javier Blasco-Zumeta and Gerd-Michael Heinze (English, PDF, 2.0 MB)
- Locustella luscinioides inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
- Feathers of the Reed Swirl