Sylvioidea
| Sylvioidea | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sedge Warbler ( Acrocephalus paludicola ), a typical representative of the Sylvioidea |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sylvioidea | ||||||||||||
| Sibley & Ahlquist , 1990 |
The Sylvioidea are a superfamily of songbirds within the Passerida . It contains about 1300 species in about 16 families. The Sylvioidea in particular include the warblers and their relatives, which were formerly referred to as "twig singers". In addition, there are also timales , swallows , larks and bulbüls in the superfamily. The species can be found worldwide, but there are fewer species on the American double continent . The superfamily was first proposed in 1990 by the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy .
description
The representatives of the family are typically small to medium-sized songbirds. Their size varies from 9 to 34 centimeters, their weight from 5 grams for the golden-winged leaf warbler to 170 grams for the breast-band jayling .
In terms of appearance, the variation among the different species is quite large. The group was not recognized on the basis of morphological similarities, but only through molecular genetic studies. However, a large part of the species, especially the European ones, are of the "twig singers" type and belong to the families that were formerly grouped together in the large family Sylviidae ( sensu lato ). These birds are rather small with often thin legs. The plumage of these species is usually relatively poor in contrast and is dominated by brown and green tones. The beak is generally pointed. All species of the superfamily feed partially or even exclusively insectivore and many of the non-tropical species are migratory birds . In Northern and Central Europe in particular, only a few species, such as the bearded tit and the tail tit , overwinter in the breeding areas.
Systematics
The by Per Alström et al. Molecular genetic investigations carried out from 2005 onwards led to a complete reorganization of birds of the "twangler" type, many of which were previously classified in the very extensive family (around 440 species) of twig-singers ( Sylviidae in the sense of the time). The investigations have shown that this group is not a monophyletic taxon, but only a collection of externally similar species. The old family was therefore divided into numerous new families, including u. a. the warbler-like ( Sylviidae in today's sense), the warbler- like and the warbler-like . In a larger context, most of the species of the old family of twig-singers can now be found in the superfamily of the Sylvioidea , which however also includes other families that were not included in the old family of twig-singers (including larks , swallows and bulbuls ). The aim of the reorganization was that both the superfamily and the families contained therein form monophyletic taxa. The internal systematics of the superfamily can be seen as not yet fully explored; Changes are to be expected, especially within the individual families.
The following cladogram represents the system according to the sources given:
| Sylvioidea |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Web links
- John Boyd: SYLVIOIDEA III. Sylviidae through Leiothrichidae. In: jboyd.net. John H. Boyd III, October 24, 2018, p. 64 , accessed April 14, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Our Taxonomy . In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie & E. de Juana, E. (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ( hbw.com [accessed June 13, 2019]).
- ^ S. Fregin: Molecular systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea with special regard to the families Acrocephalidae and Locustellidae (Aves: Passeriformes), dissertation . Greifswald 2013 ( uni-egoswald.de [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c d Per Alström, Per GP Ericson, Urban Olsson, Per GP Sundberg: Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 38 , no. 2 . CSIRO Publishing, 2006, p. 381-397 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.05.015 ( sciencedirect.com ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Silke Fregin, Martin Haase, Urban Olsson, Per Alström: New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers . In: BMC Evolutionary Biology . tape 12 , no. 157 , 2012, p. 1-12 ( biomedcentral.com ).
- ^ BM Beehler, TK Pratt: Birds of New Guinea. 2016, p. 479.
- ↑ a b Bearded Reedling (Panuridae). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie, E. de Juana (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (Retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/1343534 on December 27, 2017).