Bearded tit

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bearded tit
Bearded tit (Panurus biarmicus)

Bearded tit ( Panurus biarmicus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Sylvioidea
Family : Panuridae
Genre : Panurus
Type : Bearded tit
Scientific name of the  family
Panuridae
Des Murs , 1860
Scientific name of the  genus
Panurus
Koch , 1816
Scientific name of the  species
Panurus biarmicus
( Linnaeus , 1758)
Young bird (female)
Bearded tit (male), Czech Republic
Portrait of a male bearded tit with a distinctive black stripe of beard

The bearded tit ( Panurus biarmicus ) is a species of bird and is usually considered the only species of the monotypical family Panuridae today . It is a tit-like, long-tailed inhabitant of large reed areas.

Labelling

Their length is between 14 and 15.5 cm. It is small, light yellow-brown and has a light yellow-brown tail. The adult male has a light blue-gray head with a long black beard and a white throat. The under tail-coverts are black. In the adult female, however, the head is beige-brown without a black beard. The throat is dirty white and the under tail-coverts are beige. Fledglings are similar to adult females, but have a black center of the coat and black areas in the tail. Their plumage is more yellow-beige.

voice

Their reputation is characteristic as a lively, nasal-sounding “psching” in the reed forest, furthermore rolling “chirr” and quietly clicking “pett”. Their singing generally consists of 3–4 impure crunching notes, such as “pschin-dschick-tschrääh”.

distribution and habitat

Distribution of the bearded tit:
  • Year-round occurrence
  • Wintering areas

    • The bearded tit is a breeding bird of the Palearctic , which occurs mainly in temperate, Mediterranean steppe and desert zones. However, it also breeds in the south of the boreal zone. The distribution area is strongly fragmented as a result of the distribution of suitable habitats. The westernmost occurrences are currently in Spain, western France and the UK. In the east the distribution area extends to Kazakhstan and to the west of Mongolia and to the north of China. The main distribution in Central Europe is the coastal areas of the North and Baltic Seas and the Neusiedler See in Austria .

    The bearded tit lives in extensive reed beds in the silting zone of nutrient-rich inland waters of all kinds. Extensive old reed forests are a prerequisite for permanent settlement. Places where old reeds have formed a thick blanket over the ground or the water are preferred. The bearded tit can also be found in the reed beds outside the breeding season. Bushes are only visited in exceptional cases.

    Reproduction

    Egg, Museum Wiesbaden collection

    The song of the bearded tit is insignificant for courtship, the showroom is important. In this, the male unfolds the full splendor of his plumage. Bearded tits breed twice a year. The nest is a deep bowl at the bottom of the reed near the water. This consists of reeds from the previous year and is lined with reed panicles. The young show the most conspicuous locking jaws among the bird species native to Europe . The birds are still in their youthful dress together in pairs that are inseparable throughout their lives.

    food

    In summer these birds eat insects and spiders . In winter, seeds are on the menu.

    Duration

    According to the IUCN , there are said to be 490,000–960,000 bearded tits in Europe alone. The species is therefore considered "not endangered". The breeding population for Germany is estimated at 1,400 to 2,700 breeding pairs. There are 3,000 to 6,000 breeding pairs in Austria. The breeding population in Switzerland is estimated at thirty to forty breeding pairs.

    Basically, there are drastic changes in population with the bearded tit with sudden increases and complete collapses after very cold winters. In harsh winters it happens that entire populations die out in the north . The orphaned habitats are then repopulated by roaming bearded tits. In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century there was no evidence of breeding for large parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was only after the Dutch population in the coastal regions had risen to around 10,000 breeding pairs at the beginning of the 1970s that the bearded tit settled again in numerous reed areas in Central Europe as well as France and Sweden.

    supporting documents

    literature

    Web links

    Commons : Bearded Tit  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

    Single receipts

    1. ↑ Lars Svensson, Peter J. Grant a. a .: The new cosmos bird guide. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, page 320.
    2. ↑ a b Bauer et al., P. 164