Silk singer relatives

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Silk singer relatives
Silk warbler (Cettia cetti)

Silk warbler ( Cettia cetti )

Systematics
Subclass : New-jawed birds (Neognathae)
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
without rank: Passerida
Superfamily : Sylvioidea
Family : Silk singer relatives
Scientific name
Cettiidae
Alström , Ericson , Olsson & Sundberg , 2006

The silk warbler relatives (Cettiidae) describes a family of insectivorous songbirds that was newly introduced in 2006 within the superfamily of warbler relatives (Sylvioidea). The family consists of 32 species, including the silk warbler ( Cettia cetti ), which is widespread in parts of Europe . The species of this family are sometimes grouped together under the name of the bush singer , as the species in the largest genus of the Horornis family in particular are called bush singers in German (e.g. the Japanese bush warbler ). However, other species and groups are also referred to as bush singers in some sources.

features

Almost tailless: Olive- crowned truncated tail ( Tesia cyaniventer )

The birds in this family are generally tiny to small, inconspicuous birds of the typical "twig-singing stature". The body size varies between 7 cm for the browbone tail ( Tesia superciliaris ) up to 16 cm for the Japanese bush warbler. Many species have quite long tails, while the so-called stutztails of the genera Tesia and Urosphena in particular have little more than a just visible tail. Many birds in this family have simple, brownish plumage, often with eye or over-eye stripes. Overall, this group is very variable, which is the reason for the fact that some strongly deviating family members were only recognized by molecular genetic analyzes and were previously classified in very distant families. The family of the grass warbler (Locustellidae), for example, is externally much more homogeneous, so that the representatives of this family often resemble the typical silk warbler relatives more closely than these the externally strongly different Cettiidae. The difficulty of inferring family membership on the basis of morphological characteristics becomes particularly clear in the case of the group of birds that have the name part -Buschsänger in German: These are divided fairly evenly into the Cettiidae genus Horornis and the Locustellidae genus Bradypterus .

distribution

Distribution area of ​​the silk singer relatives

The range of the family extends from Africa and the southern, warmer regions of Europe over the Near and Middle East as well as the Himalayas to Southeast and East Asia and the northern parts of Oceania . The silk warbler has the largest range of a single species, ranging from Great Britain to Fiji . Some species, such as the silk warbler in Great Britain, the Japanese bush warbler and the shrubbery in Japan and eastern Siberia, have a range that also reaches winter-cold areas of northern latitudes. These species are the only ones in the family with pronounced migratory behavior. Some species, such as the white-bellied trumpet tail ( Urosphena pallidipes ), adapt to seasonal temperature changes through altitude migration.

Many species inhabit habitats rich in shrubs and bushes, but some African and Southeast Asian species are pure forest dwellers.

Systematics

Alström et al. showed in several molecular genetic studies carried out from 2005 onwards that the previous taxonomic classifications of many songbirds were not tenable. This led to a complete reorganization of the birds of the "twangler" -type, many of which were previously classified in the very extensive family (about 440 species) of the twangler ( Sylviidae in the sense of the time). The studies have shown that this group is not a monophyletic taxon , but is only a collection of externally similar species. The old family was therefore divided into numerous new families, including u. a. the silk singer relatives. In a larger context, most of the species of the old family of twig-singers can now be found in the superfamily of the Sylvioidea , which however also includes other families that were not included in the old family of twig-singers (including larks , swallows and bulbuls ). The aim of the reorganization was that both the superfamily and the families contained therein form monophyletic taxa. The internal systematics of the superfamily can be seen as not yet fully explored; Changes are to be expected, especially within the individual families.

Slate-headed Thicket Warbler ( Abroscopus schisticeps )
Broad-billed Thicket Warbler ( Tickellia hodgsoni )

Among the "twig singers" of the Sylvioidea, the silkworm relatives probably form a very old line in evolutionary terms. This is underlined by the knowledge that the group together with the desert prinine probably form the sister taxon of the tailed tits (Aegithalidae) (see following cladogram):



 Tailed tits (Aegithalidae)


   

 Silkworm relatives (Cettiidae)


   

 Desert prinie (Scotocercidae)




Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

As things stand today (2018), the Cettiidae family contains seven genera and around 32 species :

Korean Bush Warbler ( Horornis canturians )
Rotkopfesia ( Cettia castaneocoronata )
  • Genus Cettia - (4 species)
Shrub tail ( Urosphena squameiceps )

The following two genera may also belong in the family. The IOU currently (2018) still describes this as incertae sedis :

literature

  • Per Alström, Per GP Ericson, Urban Olsson, Per Sundberg: Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 38 , no. 2 . CSIRO Publishing, 2006, p. 381-397 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.05.015 ( sciencedirect.com ).
  • Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott & Jordi Sargatal (eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World . (Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). tape 11 . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2006, ISBN 84-96553-06-X .
  • KM Sefc, RB Payne & MD Sorenson: Phylogenetic relationships of African sunbird-like warblers: Moho Hypergerus atriceps , Green Hylia Hylia prasina and Tit-hylia Pholidornis rushiae . In: Ostrich . tape 74 (1-2) , 2003, pp. 8–17 ( umich.edu [PDF]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Alström et al. (2006)
  2. ↑ a b [1] at IOC World Bird List
  3. ↑ Peter Bertau: The meaning of historical bird names - song birds . tape 2 . Springer-Verlag, 2014.
  4. ↑ del Hoyo et al. (2006)
  5. ↑ Silke Fregin, Martin Haase, Urban Olsson, Per Alström: New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1), 157, 2012, pp. 1-12.
  6. ↑ Sefc et al. (2003)

Web links

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