Whirl
| Whirl | ||||||||||||
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Schlagschwirl ( Locustella fluviatilis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Locustella | ||||||||||||
| Kaup , 1829 |
The swirls ( Locustella ) are a genus of small to medium-sized songbirds from the family of grass warpers (Locustellidae), whose brood distribution is in the Palearctic and East Asia . In the past they were assigned to the warblers . The mostly brown or gray colored birds colonize reed beds , swamp and grasslands. Whirls feed on insects . The persistent song of some species, which is very similar to the song of insects, is characteristic. The species of the temperate latitudes are migratory birds and overwinter in the tropics .
features
The vertebrae are small to medium-sized songbirds with predominantly brownish or gray plumage. Some species are undrawn, others are dashed to streaked on top. In contrast to the striped warbler species , the head does not show a conspicuous apex, but at most a light stripe above the eyes . There is no gender dimorphism .
The tail is wedge-shaped and heavily tiered. The under tail-coverts are elongated so that the longest ones are longer than the outer tail-feathers . The shafts on the two outer hand wings are often strongly bent inwards. The narrow beak shows no or only very weak bristles in the corners of the mouth.
voice
In the case of the three species common in Europe as well as the Strichel Schwirl, the song is a typical, long-lasting whirring of different pitches (audio example Feldschwirl), which is reminiscent of grasshoppers or singing cicadas and shows a rhythmic expression in the Schlagschwirl. The chants of the other species differ greatly. For example, that of the giant swirls (audio sample) common in East Asia is a nightingale-like beat, that of the striped swirls (audio sample) partly resembles a cane singer. Some species show a singing flight, all turn their heads back and forth while singing.
species
The genus currently includes 26 to 27 species. The form Locustella idonea , which occurs in Vietnam , was split off from the almond swirl in 2015. This is accepted by the IOC checklist, but not by the HBW checklist (including IUCN and BirdLife International ), as no museum specimens were available to verify the species status. In 2020, a new species was described with the Taliabu swirl ( Locustella portenta ).
- Borneoschwirl ( Locustella accentor ) ( Syn. : Accentor Bradypterus )
- Taiwan swirl ( Locustella alishanensis ) (Syn .: Bradypterus alishanensis )
- Graubrustschwirl ( Locustella alfredi ) (Syn .: Bradypterus alfredi )
- Sakhalin swirl ( Locustella amnicola )
- Waldschwirl ( Locustella castanea ) (Syn .: Bradypterus castaneus )
- Long-tailed swirl ( Locustella caudata ) (Syn .: Bradypterus caudatus )
- Stripe swirl ( Locustella certhiola )
- Sichuan swirl ( Locustella chengi )
- David Schwirl ( Locustella davidi ) (Syn .: Bradypterus davidi )
- Giant swirl ( Locustella fasciolata )
- Schlagschwirl ( Locustella fluviatilis )
- Locustella idonea (split offfrom Locustella mandelli in 2015 by Alström et al.)
- Himalayan swirl ( Locustella kashmirensis ) (Syn .: Bradypterus kashmirensis ; was split off in 2008 by Alström et al. From Bradypterus thoracicus (now Locustella thoracica ))
- Swallowtail Swirl ( Locustella lanceolata )
- Rohrschwirl ( Locustella luscinioides )
- Hodgson's swirl ( Locustella luteoventris ) (Syn .: Bradypterus luteoventris )
- Cashmere swirl ( Locustella major ) (Syn .: Bradypterus major )
- Almond swirl ( Locustella mandelli ) (Syn .: Bradypterus mandelli )
- Java swirl ( Locustella montis ) (Syn .: Bradypterus montis , Bradypterus seebohmi montis )
- Feldschwirl ( Locustella naevia )
- Middendorff Schwirl ( Locustella ochotensis )
- Pleskeschwirl ( Locustella pleskei )
- Taliabu swirl ( Locustella portenta )
- Riedschwirl ( Locustella pryeri ) (Syn .: Megalurus pryeri )
- Luzon swirl ( Locustella seebohmi ) (Syn .: Bradypterus seebohmi , Bradypterus mandelli seebohmi )
- Taczanowskischwirl ( Locustella tacsanowskia ) (Syn .: Bradypterus tacsanowskius )
- Spotted swirl ( Locustella thoracica ) (Syn .: Bradypterus thoracicus )
supporting documents
literature
- Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim , Kurt M. Bauer: Handbook of the birds of Central Europe . (HBV). Volume 12 / I: Passeriformes: Part 3: Sylviidae. AULA-Verlag, 1985/2001, ISBN 3-923527-00-4 .
- SV Drovetski, RM Zink, IV Fadeev, EV Nesterov, Ye. A. Koblik, Ya. A. Red'kin, S. Rohwer: Mitochondrial phylogeny of Locustella and related genera. In: Journal of Avian Biology. 35/2004, pp. 105-110.
- J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliot, D. Christie (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions 2006, ISBN 84-96553-06-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Feldschwirl (Mp3) xeno-canto.org. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ↑ Giant Swirls (Mp3) xeno-canto.org. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ↑ Streifenschwirls (Mp3) xeno-canto.org. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ↑ Daniel Lingelhöhl: Numerous species of birds discovered in Indonesia In: Spektrum.de from January 9, 2020, accessed on January 20, 2020
- ↑ Per Alström , Canwei Xia, Pamela C. Rasmussen , Urban Olsson , Bo Dai, Jian Zhao, Paul J. Leader, Geoff J. Carey, Lu Dong, Tianlong Cai, Paul I. Holt, Hung Le Manh, Gang Song, Yang Liu, Yanyun Zhang and Fumin Lei: Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China. Avian Research 6: 9; 2015. doi : 10.1186 / s40657-015-0016-z
- ↑ Alström, P., Rasmussen, PC, Olsson, U. & Sundberg, P .: Species delimitation based on multiple criteria: the Spotted Bush Warbler Bradypterus thoracicus complex (Aves: Megaluridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 154, 2008: 291-307. doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2008.00418.x
