Schlagschwirl
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Schlagschwirl ( Locustella fluviatilis ) |
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| Locustella fluviatilis | ||||||||||||
| ( Wolf , 1810) |
The Warbler ( Locustella fluviatilis ) is a singing bird from the genus of grass warbler (Locustella) and the family of the grass singer (Locustellidae). In the east of Central Europe it is a common and frequent breeding and summer bird. In western Central Europe he is a sporadic but occasionally regular migrant and occasionally also a summer visitor. The westernmost evidence of breeding in Germany comes from Hesse. In Bavaria it is increasingly populating the river valleys of the Inn , Isar , Danube and Main .
features
The 14.5 to 16 centimeter long blow swirl is quite a large swirl with a broad, rounded tail. The upper side is colored olive-brown without stripes. The throat and chest, on the other hand, have dark, faded longitudinal stripes. The underside is dirty white with olive-brown flanks. The head shows an indistinct, dirty white over-eye stripe and a light eye ring. The olive-brown under tail cover has a broad whitish tip. The beak is quite dark and the legs pink. The male sits on a tree at a height of five to eight meters to sing. After the singing, it drops to the ground like a stone, only to submerge itself in the thick vegetation. The singing of the Schlagschwirls consists of a series of machine-like sharpening, separately perceptible syllables such as "dze-dze-dze" and is reminiscent of a large grasshopper . It can be heard most often in the late evening and early morning hours. At the beginning of the breeding season he sings even in complete darkness.
nutrition
The Schlagschwirl feeds on the adults and larvae of small to medium-sized insects , arachnids and sometimes other invertebrates . Foraging takes place both on the ground and in the herb and shrub layer.
Occurrence
The breeding area extends from western Siberia to eastern central Europe. In the last few decades the breeding area has spread further to the west. The Schlagschwirl is a long-distance migrant , the winter quarters of the Schlagschwirl are in tropical East Africa . He winters there in an area that stretches from Zambia and Malawi to the Transvaal and in the west to Botswana. The migration into these wintering areas takes place in a south-southeast direction and leads over the east of the Mediterranean area, north-east Africa and the Arabian Peninsula through Kenya. The migration to the wintering quarters begins in July to August and in December they have reached their winter quarters. They stay there until mid-March at the latest, and the first whorls that breed in southern Central Europe reach their breeding areas from the second half of April. In Germany they rarely arrive before the end of April.
The Schlagschwirl breeds on the edge of undergrowth rich floodplain and swamp forests , meadows or swamps . He needs privacy protection upwards and freedom of movement downwards. He also needs bushes and trees as a singing point.
Reproduction
Swirls lead a monogamous seasonal marriage. After arriving in the breeding area, courtship and pair formation takes place at the breeding site. The nest is usually built on the ground near the singing waiting areas that the male first used. It is mainly or even exclusively built by the female. The clutch usually consists of four to six eggs, each laid less than a day apart. The breeding period is thirteen to sixteen days and both parent birds are involved in the brood. The nestling period is eleven to fourteen days and the nestlings are fed by both parent birds.
Duration
The countries with a large population of swirls include Poland and Hungary, where 50,000 to 80,000 and 40,000 to 75,000 breeding pairs breed respectively. The breeding pair population for Germany is 3,500 to 10,000 pairs, in Austria it is 4,000 to 8,000 pairs.
literature
- Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes - passerine birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0 .
- Lars Svensson, Peter J. Grant, Killian Mullarney et al .: The new cosmos bird guide. , Franckh-Kosmos Verlag 1999, ISBN 3-440-07720-9
- Anne Puchta, Klaus Richarz: Steinbach's great bird guide. , Eugen Ulmer Verlag 2006, ISBN 3-8001-4490-5
Web links
- Locustella fluviatilis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed January 31 of 2009.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Locustella fluviatilis in the Internet Bird Collection
- Photos at www.naturlichter.de
- Feldschwirl's feathers