Marburg highlands

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The Marburger Bergland is a low mountain range up to 380 m high on both sides of the Marburg Lahntalsenke around the city of Marburg , which is divided by the Lahn valley into the Marburg Ridge in the west and the Lahn Mountains in the east. In geology and relief, it actually represents a southwestern extension of the Burgwald , but is naturally included in the Marburg-Gießener Lahn valley .

On the maximum 370 m high Marburg ridge are u. a. the higher inner city parts of Marburg, on the up to 380 m high Lahnberge u. a. the high-rise housing estate Richtsberg and the university clinics along with various institutes. These mountain ranges tower over the Lahn valley by up to 200 m.

Marburg Ridge and Lahnberge lie entirely in the district of Marburg-Biedenkopf , while the Marburg Lahntalsenke in the south also touches the terrain of the district of Gießen .

Natural structure

The Marburger Bergland is structured as follows:

geology

Geological map of the eastern Rhenish Slate Mountains with the surroundings of Marburg

After absorbing the Wetschaft and Ohm rivers south of the Frankenberg Bay , the Lahn near Marburg cuts through a mighty, largely forested layer of red sandstone that was deposited in the Lower Triassic . The cityscape is therefore determined by the low-lying deposits of the Lahn in the Marburg Lahntalsenke and the heights of the Buntsandstein towering in the west and east.

As everywhere in the Central German Triassic, the red sandstone of the Marburg area is divided into three units. In the lower red sandstone , fine-grained clay and silt stones predominate , which were deposited on the edge of a shallow sea. The main rock of the Buntsandstein near Marburg is the 250 m thick Middle Buntsandstein . Its alternately fine to coarse, reddish quartz sands and sandstones underlie the wooded heights of the Lahn Mountains and the Marburg Ridge. The Upper Buntsandstein , also called Röt, also consists of clay, silt and sandstones.

In the urban area, the rocks of the Zechstein , which underlie the red sandstone on the eastern edge of the Rhenish Slate Mountains south, west and northwest of Marburg, are not exposed on the surface . They were deposited on the eastern edge of the shallow Zechstein Sea . Here on the eastern edge of the Rhenish Slate Mountains, they are about 60 m thick. No rocks are known for the Marburg area from the Muschelkalk and all later units up to the early Tertiary . It was not until the Miocene in the lower Tertiary that clays , silts , sands and gravels were deposited in the area of ​​the later Vogelsberg , in which quartzite, marl and limestone banks occur, as well as tuffite layers and lignite .

Faults play a major role in the geological structure of the Marburg area. From the Upper Jura and during the Tertiary, the Hessian Depression was broken up into a field of broken clods and rocks of different ages were brought to the same level. The rocks of the Lahnmulde and their neighboring geological structures, known only about five kilometers to the west in the slate mountains , were sunk by fracture tectonics and form the base of the Zechstein and Buntsandstein below Marburg a few hundred meters below the surface. They reappear on the surface of the earth in the northeast in the basement forest .

The volcanism of the Vogelsberg , which a few kilometers southeast of Marburg, covers the red sandstone and the layers of the Miocene overlying it with basaltic rocks, which were mined in the Miocene 7 to 20 million years ago, is related to the formation of broken clods .

The central part of the urban area is covered by silts, sands and gravels of the Marburg Lahntalsenke, which are only slightly consolidated. They were deposited by the Lahn, which cut a valley through the red sandstone and expanded significantly a few kilometers south of the city in the less resistant rocks of the Zechstein.

Marburg Lahntalsenke

The Marburger Lahntalsenke follows the Lahn from above the Ohm estuary in the north to the mouth of the salt flats in the south.

The Lahnaue is in the city of Marburg by the ridges left ( Lahnberge ) and right ( Marburger back ) of the Lahn only maximum km wide and densely populated a 2, but widens significantly from the decay of the Marburger back. In this area, the valley is also heavily used for agriculture.

Places and tributaries

One after the other, the Lahn passes through the municipalities of Cölbe , Marburg , Weimar , Fronhausen and Lollar .

The most important tributaries and lakes (in italics) of the Marburger Lahntalsenke are
(for a better overview or for sorting downstream, hyphens are inserted in the DGKZ numbers after the 258 - Lahn !) :

Note: “right” means “west”, so left on a map!

Surname


 location


 Length

[km]
 Catchment
area
[km²]
 Discharge
(MQ)
[l / s]
 Mouth
to
[Lahn-km]
on
[m. ü. NN]
in
circle

 Origin of
the river
[ natural area ]
 DGKZ
ohm Left 59.7 983.8 7950 58.7 188 Oberh. Cölbe (r) MR Burgwald / Lahnberge 258-2
Zahlbach Left 2.6 68.2 183 Marburg-Weidenhausen (l) MR Lahnberge (Clinic) 258-31516
Pfaffengrundbach Left 4.5 4.7 71.5 178 Marburg-Südbahnhof / Cappel (l) MR Lahnberge (sun view) 258-316
Eselsgrundbach Left 4.4 73.0 176 Marburg-Cappel (l) MR Lahnberge ( Frauenberg ) 258-31712
Niederweimarer See right 75.4 176 Niederweimar (r) MR
Hilgerbach Left 2.5 9.0 75.8 173 under. Ronhausen (l) MR Lahnberge 258-318
Allna right 19.1 92.0 665 77.1 172 Argenstein (r) MR Elnhausen-Michelbacher depression 258-32
Wenkbach right 7.2 20.8 107 80.7 168 Roth MR Salzbödetal 258-332
Zwester Ohm Left 20.0 69.5 405 84.0 165 Sichertshausen (l) MR Lahnberge / Vorderer Vogelsberg 258-334
Salt flats right 27.6 137.8 1322 87.4 164 Odenhausen (r) GI Krofdorf-Koenigsberger Forest 258-34

Surrounding mountain ranges

Left the Lahn

The Burgwald only touches the Marburg-Gießener Lahntal in the extreme north. Below the tributary of the Ohm , the Lahnberge continue its red sandstone ridge to the south, which ends with the tributary of the Zwester Ohm near Fronhausen . From now on , the basalt high plateau of the Vorderen Vogelsberg accompanies the Lahn east to the Giessen basin .

On the right the Lahn

The Marburg Ridge to the west follows the Lahn valley to Niederweimar and is replaced by the temperate lowlands of the eastern Salzbödetal (part of the Gladenbacher Bergland ). From around Fronhausen, the Krofdorf-Königsberger Forest (also Gladenbacher Bergland) accompanies the Lahn to the west.

and display information about the image
View from Hasenkopf (320 m) to the east of further elevations of the Marburg Ridge and the Lahnberge ; In the background Hohes Lohr (657 m) and Wüstegarten (675 m), the two highest peaks of the Kellerwald .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Map and description of 348 Marburg-Gießener Lahntal (348) in the Hesse Environmental Atlas (open in new window!)
  2. ^ A b Karl Heinz Müller: Geological overview map of Hesse, explanations . (PDF; 482 kB) Hessian State Office for Soil Research , 18 pages, Wiesbaden
  3. ↑ The famous fossil deposit "Korbach Column". Marburg Geoscientific Association
  4. ^ Roland Walter et al .: Geology of Central Europe . 5th edition. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-510-65149-9 , pp. 329 ff .
  5. ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  6. ↑ → "Lahn-km" = 245.6 - information / WFD

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