Roth (Weimar)

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Roth
Municipality Weimar (Lahn)
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 43 "  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 37"  E
Height : 171 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.19 km²
Residents : 821  (June 30, 2010)
Population density : 196 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 35096
Area code : 06426
Roth from the south
Roth from the south

Roth is about 170  m above sea level. NN high, with around 800 inhabitants, the third largest district of the municipality of Weimar (Lahn) in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .

geography

The place lies on both sides of the Lahn , whereby the old core village lies west of the river and is separated by this from the newer village. To the west, the old village is framed by the Par-Allna estuary , which takes in the Wenkbach and Walgerbach not far from the village .

history

The first documented mention of Roth (as "Rade" ; later also "Rotha" ) - together with the neighboring town of Wenkbach  - dates back to 1302 . The village was in the Schenkisch Eigen (Roth, Wenkbach, Argenstein), named after the Schenk zu Schweinsberg . It belonged to the Essen monastery and was originally under the Fronhof in Fronhausen (Lahn). Later it was given by the Essen Monastery as a special fiefdom to the bailiffs of Fronhausen and thus to the Schweinsberg taverns. The residents were serfs. According to the first known income register of the Essen women's monastery, there were already 15 taxable properties in Rothe , including a mill . In 1616, Roth became the place of jurisdiction for Schenkisch Eigen.

The old town center was in the floodplain of the Lahn. In the beginning the place was a pure workers' settlement and was therefore relocated after the harvest and over the winter months and only moved back in in the spring after the snow melted. It was only between 1928 and 1931 that Roth was protected from the regularly occurring floods with a dike. At the foot of the Geiersberg a modern town house with a bowling alley and restaurant was built in 1996 . In 2007, when one of the dams broke when the Lahn flooded, the historic town center was threatened with flooding. From the entry point in Roth, several canoe providers offer canoes for hire with return transport for the scenic Lahn section.

There was a large Jewish population in the village. The first evidence of the presence of Jews in Schenkisch Eigen is available for 1594/95 . In 1737 there were 13 Jewish families with 54 people in Roth, which corresponded to about 16% of the total population. In 1738 there was a first Jewish school in Roth. There was a synagogue. It was replaced by a larger building in 1833 after a fire in 1832 destroyed the previous building. In the 19th century, Roth was the headquarters of the Roth-Fronhausen-Lohra synagogue community. In 1933 there were still six Jewish families with a total of 32 people living in Roth. The synagogue was devastated on November 9, 1938, then used as a granary until the 1980s and finally repaired in the early / mid-1990s. In the years after 1938, eleven members of the minority were expelled abroad and 15 were murdered in the National Socialist camps. The old Jewish cemetery, located on the hill of the Geiersberg, is well preserved and is still visited today by members of the former residents of Roth.

The municipality Roth with about 700 residents was in the course of administrative reform in Hesse on 1 July 1972 in the town of Weimar (administrative headquarters Niederweimar) voluntarily incorporated . For Roth, as for the other districts, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Roth was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

With an edict of June 29, 1821, administration and justice were separated in Kurhessen. Now judicial offices were responsible for the first instance jurisdiction, the administration of the districts. In Roth's case, the Marburg district was responsible for administration, the Fronhausen Justice Office was the first instance court, the Marburg Higher Court for the province of Upper Hesse was the second instance and the Higher Appeal Court in Kassel was the supreme court.

After the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia, the Rauschenberg Justice Office became the Royal Prussian District Court of Fronhausen in 1867 . In June 1867, a royal ordinance reorganized the court system in the parts of the area that belonged to the former Electorate of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities have been repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and a court of appeal in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous judicial office was renamed the District Court of Fronhausen. The courts of the higher authorities were now the Marburg District Court and the Kassel Court of Appeal .

The independent district court of Fronhausen was closed in 1943; it was initially continued as a branch of the Marburg District Court and finally dissolved in 1948. The judicial district was added to the Marburg District Court.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, its superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and, as the last instance, the Federal Court of Justice .

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

around 1550: 26 house seats
1577: 45 house seats
1747: 68 households
1838: 516 residents, 75 of whom are authorized users, 12 local residents who are not authorized users, 8  residents .
Roth: Population from 1812 to 2010
year     Residents
1812
  
 402
1834
  
 435
1840
  
 482
1846
  
 552
1852
  
 523
1858
  
 540
1864
  
 548
1871
  
 559
1875
  
 511
1885
  
 494
1895
  
 526
1905
  
 595
1910
  
 570
1925
  
 576
1939
  
 545
1946
  
 725
1950
  
 773
1956
  
 691
1961
  
 675
1967
  
 721
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 848
2005
  
 876
2010
  
 821
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970: Weimar municipality:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861: 472 Evangelical Lutheran , one Roman Catholic, 43 Jewish residents. 30 members of dissenting sects.
• 1885: 441 Protestant (= 89.27%), no Catholic, 22 other Christian (= 4.45%), 31 Jewish (= 6.28%) residents
• 1961: 643 Protestant (= 95.26%), 32 Catholic (= 4.74%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1838: Families: 42 agriculture, 20 businesses, 13 day laborers.
• 1961: Labor force: 121 agriculture and forestry, 130 manufacturing, 53 trade and transport, 35 services and other.

Culture and sights

Buildings

The sights of Roth include the church of the Lutheran-Protestant community, built from 1716 with its defense tower in the historic center of the village, as well as the mill on the Lahn and the regional synagogue in Roth , which was renovated in the 1990s and used as a memorial and learning site .

The Par-Allna biotope, created in the summer of 2011 as a compensatory measure, with its moist open land areas is a resting place for such an environment for loving bird species and is used for local recreation.

societies

Roth has various sports and cultural clubs. The sports club (SC) Roth / Argenstein, founded in 1945, currently only has one gymnastics department. After a few years as a syndicate with SG Niederwalgern / Wenkbach, the soccer department has joined forces to form the new soccer club FSG Südkreis. There is a hiking club, a trombone choir, the Roth boys and girls, the fire brigade club, the regional synagogue working group, the pigeon club and the Roth carnival club.

Regular events

Every year the boys and girls organize a Whitsun festival , a fair in June or on the second weekend in August and an Oktoberfest . Other Roth associations hold smaller festivals and events. The Carnival Association organizes a carnival event on the carnival weekend and a children's carnival on Mardi Gras Sunday.

literature

  • Roth. In: Historical Ortlexikon Marburg. Former district and independent city. Arrangement by Ulrich Reuling . Marburg 1979 (Historisches Ortslexikon des Landes Hessen, 3), ISBN 3-7708-0678-6 , pp. 258f.
  • Herbert Kosog: The Jews of Roth. Slightly shortened and added a comment by Dietmar Haubfleisch. Version of the first in: Heimatwelt. From the past and the present . Edited by the Weimar Municipal Administration, 5th issue, Weimar 1979, pp. 11-21, article published: Marburg 1998: http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/sonst/1998/0012.html .
  • 700 years of Roth. Village history in texts and pictures. 1302-2002 . Edited by the Festival Committee 700 Years of Roth, Marburg 2002.
  • Reinhard Neebe: Privileges, pogroms, emancipation: German-Jewish history from the Middle Ages to the present: The example of Roth (Krs. Marburg-Biedenkopf): Social and economic structural change in rural areas in the 19th century , Faculty of History, Philosophy and Theology / History Department, Bielefeld University, WS 2011/2012, OCLC 873549036 (archived online in 2013, currently no longer available).
  • Literature on Roth in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Search for Roth (Weimar) in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Roth  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Roth, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Population figures (HW). In: website. Weimar community, archived from the original ; accessed in March 2019 .
  3. ^ Municipal reform in Hesse: mergers and integrations of municipalities from June 21, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No. 28 , p. 1197 , item 851; 2. Para. 8. ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 4.4 MB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 403 .
  5. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 18 kB) §; 7. In: Website. Weimar community, accessed in February 2019 .
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Georg Landau: Description of the Electorate of Hesse . T. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 385 ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Fronhausen office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  112 ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224.
  11. ↑ Latest news from Meklenburg / Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities, edited from the best sources. in the publishing house of the GHG privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptouts., Weimar 1823, p.  158 ff . ( online at HathiTrust's digital library ).
  12. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territories with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf from June 19, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1085-1094 )
  13. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 19 of this year. J. in the former Electorate of Hesse and the formerly Royal Bavarian territorial parts with the exclusion of the enclave Kaulsdorf, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 221–224 )
  14. ↑ Population figures . In: website. Weimar community, archived from the original ; accessed in March 2019 .