Stedebach

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Stedebach
Municipality Weimar (Lahn)
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 42 "  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 23"  E
Height : 203–216 m above sea level NN
Area : 1.85 km²
Residents : 20  (Jun 30, 2010)
Population density : 11 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35096
Area code : 06426
Image from Stedebach

With currently around 25 inhabitants, Stedebach is the smallest district of the municipality of Weimar (Lahn) in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Central Hesse .

history

Stedebach was first mentioned in a document in 1250. As early as the 9th and 10th centuries, however, there was a small Niederungsburg or Motte , Stedebach Castle , around which the small village then developed. No remains of this first castle have survived, and its exact location is not certain; however, it was probably in the same place as the later castle of the Teutonic Order .

Since 1263 at the latest, the Deutschordensballei Hessen and the Landkommende Marburg had considerable property in Stedebach, and from 1302 Stedebach was the seat of a Teutonic brother. In fact, based on a dissertation published in Marburg in 1894 , a friar named Gobelo or Goblo is occasionally referred to as " Commander " in Stedebach between 1302 and 1319 . It is not clear whether Stedebach therefore at least a short time the status of a Scheduled had, or whether Gobelo rather the local nurses or Kastner was. A deed of gift of Count Otto I of Hesse from 31 December 1318 referred Goblo as a brother and as a "secretarius" ( "secretary" ) of the Landgrave, which would have been incompatible with the position of Commander.

Through donations or exchanges, all farms in the village came into the possession of the order by 1476 at the latest, including the farm named landgraves in 1375 and 1409. To secure and manage this property, the order built a pond house on the eastern edge of the settlement at the latest in the 15th century - probably on the site of the old, small Stedebach castle . The castle of the Order was on all four sides by a very wide moat surrounded, so you also by a Burgteich spoke, and was in the late 15th century to a three-wing Wasserburg expanded. It is uncertain whether and how long members of the Order resided permanently in Stedebach. What is certain, however, is that a mayor was appointed and paid for by the order in the 16th century at the latest ; he probably lived in the side wing of the castle.

On August 20, 1476, Landgrave Heinrich III freed . , the regent of Upper Hesse , and his son Ludwig (III.) the castle (which is referred to for the first time as a castle in this context) and the courtyards of the order in Stedebach from all services, taxes and military transport and transferred the high jurisdiction to the order on Place. In the following years, however, there were very frequent disputes between the landgrave ministerials and the order regarding the jurisdiction of their courts. The appointment of its own mayor and the existence of a prison in the order's castle undoubtedly indicate that the order exercised high and low jurisdiction in Stedebach at least until 1679. From 1702, the Landgrave's mayor of Fronhausen prevented the order from exercising jurisdiction in Stedebach, and it was not until 1747 that the order was granted lower jurisdiction again.

Until 1561 the managed from its office in Stedebach property of the Order of been serfs or bondsmen of the Landgrave and forced labor committed farmers edited. In 1561 the Order awarded this land to three courtiers for the first time for nine years each. From 1577 the Stedebach property of the order was divided into four farms, which were repeatedly leased to four so-called court estates in practically permanent leases for nine years and expressly in accordance with the state settlement law. In 1679, the lease between the Marburg Commander Johann Daniel von Priort and the four courtiers in Stedebach stated that this should not be interpreted as an inheritance . This clause was also found in the new Landsiedel lease in 1715. In the second half of the 18th century, these leases were converted into inheritance and the farmers became hereditary estates.

The last paid mayor was recalled in 1679 and transferred to a hospital administrator's position, and his duties were now carried out by one of the four courtiers, with the office rotating annually among them.

In the course of the liberation of the peasants , the four courtiers were released from serfdom by the Hessian constitution of January 1831 , but had to pay a high price in the form of twenty times the annual rent. It was not until 1878, after they had finally paid off the agreed redemption and interest in installments, that they became free landowners on their farms.

The Stedebach moated castle fell into disrepair as early as the first half of the 18th century; a part was demolished in 1778. The castle pond was drained in 1781 and then used as a vegetable garden. The rest of the castle was demolished in 1857, and today only the remains of the outer lining wall of the former castle pond can be seen.

When the French Emperor Napoléon declared the Teutonic Order in the Confederation of the Rhine to be dissolved on April 24, 1809 , the order property in Stedebach became the property of the Kingdom of Westphalia , which was formed in 1807 and , after its end in 1813, was owned by the restored Electorate of Hesse .

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse Stedebach was on July 1 in 1974 by state law to the greater community of Weimar (Lahn) incorporation . For Stedebach, as for the other districts, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up.

Rickelskopf Castle

About 600 m south of the settlement was the Rickelskopf castle , built around the year 800 , a hilltop castle about 32 m in diameter with a sickle-shaped neck ditch , which was abandoned around 1000 and then fell into disrepair.

population

Population development

Since the place consisted of only four agricultural farms (and the manorial official residence), the number of inhabitants was correspondingly small. Only immediately after the end of the Second World War did it double for a few years due to the billeting of bombed out and displaced persons.

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 4 house seats
• 1630: 4 yards
Stedebach: Population from 1747 to 2010
year     Residents
1747
  
 12
1834
  
 53
1840
  
 46
1846
  
 44
1852
  
 58
1858
  
 57
1864
  
 56
1871
  
 58
1875
  
 57
1885
  
 58
1895
  
 62
1905
  
 55
1910
  
 59
1925
  
 53
1939
  
 45
1946
  
 94
1950
  
 90
1956
  
 48
1961
  
 41
1967
  
 27
1970
  
 30th
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 28
2005
  
 25th
2010
  
 20th
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1970; after 1970: Weimar municipality:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1861: 57 Evangelical Lutheran 2 Roman Catholic 1 non-religious residents
• 1885: 52 Protestant (= 89.66%), no Catholic, 6 other Christian (= 10.34%) residents
• 1961: 31 Protestant (= 75.61%), 10 Catholic (= 24.39%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 20 agriculture and forestry, 1 manufacturing industry, 1 trade and transport, 1 services and other

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Stedebach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Attractions

The old half-timbered houses in the village are particularly worth seeing .

Economy and Transport

The place is today strongly characterized by the agricultural businesses, some of which also run farm shops.

Most of the streets and paths in Stedebach are private and farm roads. In the village there is only the street "Stedebach"; the individual houses are simply numbered.

literature

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Stedebach, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of February 2, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Population figures (HW). In: website. Weimar community, archived from the original ; accessed in March 2019 .
  3. ↑ Herbert Kosog: The Stedebacher Höfe and their history . In Heimatwelt , Weimar / Lahn, 1983, issue 14 (PDF; 6.5 MB)
  4. ^ Carl Heldmann : Contributions to the history of rural legal relationships in the Teutonic Order Commenden Marburg and Schiffenberg. Dissertation, Marburg 1894, p. 35 (144) and p. 63 (172)
  5. ↑ Carl Feldmann: History of the Deutschordensballei Hessen ... , in: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , Volume 20, Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies, New Series Volume 20, Kassel 1895, p. 91.
  6. ↑ Heimatwelt, Weimar / Lahn, 1983, issue 14
  7. ↑ online Regest No. 690. Regest of the Landgraves of Hesse. (As of May 19, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  8. ↑ The landgrave's court was pledged to the knight Emmerich von Linden in 1375.
  9. ↑ see drawing: Heimatwelt, Weimar / Lahn, 1983, issue 14, p. 25
  10. ^ Georg Lennep: Treatise from the Leyhe to Landsiedel law. Marburg 1768, pp. 100-106
  11. ↑ Johann Bapt. Rady (Johann Michael Raich, ed.): History of the Catholic Church in Hesse (722-1526). Mainz publishing house, Mainz 1904, p. 386
  12. ^ Already on August 19, 1466, Landgrave Heinrich III. the three courtyards of the order in Stedebach transferred to the order as Freihöfe. (Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, inventory JL 425: Breitenbach collection on the history of the Teutonic Order; second part: the mastery and the balleies of the German order in the empire; Tom.XXXI: balleien German territory; part 2: ballei Marburg and Hesse; JL 425 vol. 31 col. 28)
  13. ↑ Lennep, p. 135
  14. ↑ Lennep, pp. 141-145
  15. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 11 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  16. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 404 .
  17. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 18 kB) §; 7. In: Website. Weimar community, accessed in February 2019 .
  18. ↑ Population figures . In: website. Weimar community, archived from the original ; accessed in March 2019 .
  19. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  20. ^ The affiliation of the Fronhausen office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  21. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818 . Publishing house d. Orphanage, Kassel 1818, p.  112 ( online at Google Books ).
  22. ↑ Ordinance of August 30th, 1821, concerning the new division of the area , Annex: Overview of the new division of the Electorate of Hesse according to provinces, districts and judicial districts. Collection of laws etc. for the Electoral Hesse states. Year 1821 - No. XV. - August., ( Kurhess GS 1821) pp. 223–224.