Community merger

A municipality merger (also municipality amalgamation or municipality amalgamation ) is in municipal law the voluntary or forced amalgamation of at least two municipalities to form a new municipality as the legal successor . If all of the merging municipalities have city rights, one speaks of city merger .

General

Parish mergers can be the result of a general regional reform or based on a specific law that applies only to this parish merger. A municipality merger is the amalgamation of at least two neighboring municipalities into one, whereby the new municipality takes over all public tasks of the previous municipalities. Territorial reforms therefore take place through the withdrawal of a whole or part of a municipality, for example by amalgamation (municipality merger) or incorporation and simultaneous expansion of another existing municipality. A municipal reorganization is always associated with a municipality merger.

The linguistic usage of the reorganization describes with community merger the amalgamation of communities of approximately the same size, located close together, whereby the new regional authority often receives a double name or a new name. Congregation mergers exist as a merger to form a new congregation or as incorporation in the form of the admission of a congregation into another congregation.

species

At least two municipalities merge to form a new municipality, whereby all affected municipalities lose their previous legal capacity :

{\ displaystyle A + B = C}

.

This real congregation merger allows two (or more) previously independent congregations to emerge into a new congregation that receives a new congregation name . In the case of incorporation , a municipality gives up its legal independence, in the first case this is the municipality , in the second case the municipality : ${\ displaystyle C}$ ${\ displaystyle B}$ ${\ displaystyle A}$

{\ displaystyle A + B = A}

or

{\ displaystyle A + B = B}

Upon incorporation, the - mostly smaller - community ( or ) loses its independence. ${\ displaystyle B}$ ${\ displaystyle A}$

Legal issues

The municipality merger is not a municipal law term. Rather, § 16 HessGemO provides that, for reasons of public welfare, municipal boundaries can be changed, municipalities dissolved or newly formed. The participating municipalities and districts are to be heard beforehand. If the change in municipal boundaries affects the boundaries of rural districts , the change in the municipal boundaries also changes the county boundaries. Municipal boundaries can be changed voluntarily by agreement of the municipalities involved with the approval of the responsible supervisory authority. The agreement must be passed by the municipal councils of the municipalities involved with a majority of the legal number of municipal representatives. According to Section 16 (4) HessGemO, municipal boundaries can only be changed by law against the will of the municipalities involved. This also applies to the formation of a new community from parts of one or more communities. Through a community merger , the local law of the receiving community is extended and that of the removed community is revoked.

Effects

Community mergers can primarily affect residential and business headquarters , constituencies , schools , community taxes or savings banks . What they all have in common is their dependence on a municipality area, so that a change in a municipality area automatically results in a change in these geographically oriented legal institutions . For example, changes in area due to the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia led to significant transfers from Sparkasse branches. As a result of the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia of January 1975, the Kreissparkasse Köln (KSK) lost 26 branches to the Stadtsparkasse Köln ; this " Cologne Law " brought about the dissolution of the former districts of Cologne and Bergheim, which were absorbed into the Erftkreis . The transfer of the branches of KSK, which are now outside the guarantor area, was ordered by the Sparkasse supervisory authority on June 30, 1983. In January 1985, the Oberbergische Kreis became a member of the Sparkassenzweckverband, whereby the Kreissparkasse Waldbröl became part of the KSK Cologne; In December 1988 the KSK Cologne received eight branches of the Kreissparkasse Euskirchen .

Average number of inhabitants per municipality in some countries

country	Number of municipalities	Residents	Ew.-Ø / community	year
Germany	16,127	79,753,000	4,945	1990
Germany	10,848	83.019.213	7,653	2019
Saxony-Anhalt	1,367	2,873,957	2,102	1990
Saxony-Anhalt	218	2,208,321	10.130	2019
Greece	6,000	10,815,197	1,803	1997
Greece	325	10,815,197	33,278	2011
Netherlands	443	16,730,632	37,767	2014
Austria	2,354	8,507,786	3,614	2013
Austria	2,100	8,579,747	4,086	2015
Austria: Burgenland	171	287,416	1,681	2013
Austria: Lower Austria	573	1,636,287	2,856	2015
Austria: Upper Austria	442	1,436,791	3,251	2015
Austria: Upper Austria Mühlviertel	120	246.419	2,053	1991
Austria: Styria excluding Graz	542	946,847	1,747	2010
Austria: Styria	539	1,215,246	2,255	2013
Austria: Styria	285	1,221,014	4,284	2015
Poland	2,478	38,483,957	15,512	2014
Sweden	290	9,573,466	33,012	2013
Switzerland	3,021	6,751,000	2,235	1990
Switzerland	2.212	8,544,527	3,863	2019
Switzerland: Glarus	27	38,609	1,430	2010
Switzerland: Glarus	3	40,349	13,450	2017

Examples of mergers carried out in Germany

Baden-Württemberg

new name	dissolved communities	year
Albstadt	Ebingen (already town), Onstmettingen , Pfeffingen , Tailfingen (already town)	1975
Bad friedrichshall	Kochendorf, Jagstfeld, Hagenbach	1933, expanded in 1935
Ballrechte-Dottingen	Ballrechte, Dottingen	1971
Leinfelden-Echterdingen	Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Musberg, Stetten on the Fildern	1975
Villingen-Schwenningen (Baden-Wuerttemberg City)	Villingen (already town) with part of Obereschach, Schwenningen (already town) with part of Mühlhausen, Herzogenweiler, Pfaffenweiler, Rietheim, Tannheim, Marbach, Weigheim, Weilersbach	1972, 1972 expanded, 1974 expanded, 1975 expanded
Wine town	Beutelsbach, Endersbach with part of Strümpfelbach, Großheppach, Schnait	1975

Bavaria

new name	dissolved communities	year
Dörfles-Esbach	Dörfles, Esbach	1971
Garmisch-Partenkirchen	Garmisch, Partenkirchen	1935
Seefeld	Hechendorf a.Pilsensee , Meiling, Oberalting-Seefeld	1978

Brandenburg

new name	dissolved communities	year
Gosen-Neu Zittau	Gosen, Neu Zittau	2003
Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf	Lichterfeld, Schacksdorf	1997
Löwenberger Land	Glambeck , Grieben , Großmutz , Grüneberg , Gutengermendorf , Häsen , Löwenberg , Neulöwenberg , Falkenthal , Teschendorf	1997
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück	Bahnsdorf , Drasdo , Uebigau (already town), Wahrenbrück (already town), Wiederau	2001

Hesse

new name	dissolved communities	year
Ahnatal	Heckershausen , Weimar	1972
Alsbach chicken	Alsbach, little chicken	1977
Baunatal	Altenbauna , Altenritte , Grosseritte , Guntershausen , Hertingshausen , Kirchbauna , Rengershausen	1964; Expanded in 1966, 1971 and 1972
Fulda valley	Ihringshausen , Knickhagen , Rothwesten , Simmershausen , Wahnhausen , Wilhelmshausen	1970
Habichtswald	Dörnberg , Ehlen	1972
Niestetal	Heiligenrode , Sandershausen	1972
Oberzent	Beerfelden (already a town), Hesseneck , Rothenberg , Sensbachtal	2018
Schwalmstadt	Treysa (already town), Ziegenhain (already town) and other communities	1970
Taunusstein	Bleidenstadt, Hahn, Neuhof, Seitzenhahn, Watzhahn, Wehen, Hambach, Niederlibbach, Orlen and Wingsbach	1971

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

new name	dissolved communities	year
Divitz-Spoldershagen	Divitz, Spoldershagen	1999
Feldberg lake landscape	Conow, Dolgen, Feldberg (already town), Lichtenberg, Lüttenhagen	1999
Kenz-Küstrow	Kenz, Küstrow	1999

Lower Saxony

new name	dissolved communities	year
Hammah	Groß-Sterneberg, Mitteldorf	1972
Katlenburg-Lindau	Berka , Elvershausen , Gillersheim , Katlenburg , Lindau , Suterode , Wachenhausen	1974
Rehburg-Loccum	Loccum , Bad Rehburg , Münchehagen , Rehburg (already town), Winzlar	1974

North Rhine-Westphalia

new name	dissolved communities	year
Borchen	Alfen , Dörenhagen , Etteln , Kirchborchen , Nordborchen	1975
Broich willows	Broich , willows	1934
Castrop-Rauxel	Castrop (already a city), Rauxel	1926
Extertal	Almena , Asmissen , Bösingfeld , Bremke , Göstrup , Kükenbruch , Laßbruch , Meierberg , Nalhof , Rott , Schönhagen , Silixen	1969
Huertgenwald	Strass , Bergstein	1969; 1972 expanded
Kalletal	Asendorf , Bavenhausen , Bentorf , Erder , Heidelbeck , Henstorf , Hohenhausen , Kalldorf , Langenholzhausen , Lüdenhausen , Osterhagen , Stemmen , Talle , Varenholz , Westorf	1969
Kamp-Lintfort	Kamp, Hoerstgen and the Vierquartieren office ( Kamperbruch , Lintfort, Rossenray and Saalhoff )	1934; 1950 city rights
Dungeons	Aldekerk, Eyll, Nieukerk, Stenden	1969
Marienmünster	Altenbergen , Born , Bredenborn (already titular town ), Bremerberg , Eilversen , Großenbreden , Hohehaus , Kleinenbreden , Kollerbeck , Löwendorf , Münsterbrock , Papenhöfen , Vörden (already titular town)	1970
Marsberg	Beringhausen , Borntosten , Bredelar , Canstein , Erlinghausen , Essentho , Giershagen , Heddinghausen , Helminghausen , Leitmar , Niedermarsberg (already town), Obermarsberg (already town), Oesdorf , Padberg , Udorf , Westheim ; Dalheim (partially), Fürstenberg (partially), Meerhof (partially)	1975
Nettetal	Breyell , Hinsbeck , Kaldenkirchen (already town), Leuth , Lobberich (already town)	1970
Neukirchen-Vluyn	Neukirchen, Vluyn	1928; 1981 city rights
Niederkrüchten	Elmpt , Niederkrüchten	1972
Porta Westfalica	Costedt , icebergs , local mountains at the Porta (already titular town), Holtrup , Holzhausen at the Porta , Kleinenbremen , Lerbeck , Lohfeld , Möllbergen , Nammen , Veltheim , Vennebeck , Wülpke ; Barkhausen an der Porta (partially), Neesen (partially)	1973
Rheda-Wiedenbrück	Rheda (already town), Wiedenbrück (already town), Lintel , St. Vit , Batenhorst , North Rheda -Ems
Reichshof	Denklingen , Eckenhagen	1969
Schwalmtal	Amern , Waldniel	1970
Wachtberg	Adendorf , Arzdorf , Berkum , Fritzdorf , Gimmersdorf , Holzem , Ließem , Niederbachem , Oberbachem , Pech , Villip , Werthhoven , Züllighoven	1969
Waldniel	Burgwaldniel , Kirspelwaldniel , Lüttelforst	1915
Wanne-Eickel	Eickel , tub	1926

Rhineland-Palatinate

new name	dissolved communities	year
Bernkastel-Kues	Bernkastel (already town), Kues	1905
Idar-Oberstein	Algenrodt, Idar (already town), Oberstein (already town), Tiefenstein	1933
Thaleischweiler frogs	Thaleischweiler , Thalfröschen	1969
Traben-Trarbach	Traben, Trarbach (already town)	1904

Saarland

new name	dissolved communities	year
Mandelbachtal	Bebelsheim , Blieshaben-Bolchen , Erfweiler-Ehlingen , Habkirchen , Heckendalheim , Ommersheim , Ormesheim , Wittersheim	1974
Rehlingen-Siersburg	Rehlingen, Siersburg and 8 others	1974

Saxony

new name	dissolved communities	year
Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel	Bad Gottleuba , Berggießhübel	1999
Demitz-Thumitz	Demitz, Thumitz	1898
Ebersbach-Neugersdorf	Ebersbach , Neugersdorf	2011
Ralbitz-Rosenthal	Ralbitz , Rosenthal	1994
Raschau-Markersbach	Raschau , Markersbach	2008
Schirgiswalde-Kirschau	Schirgiswalde , Crostau , Kirschau	2011
Clip houses	Klipphausen , Triebischtal	2012

Saxony-Anhalt

new name	dissolved communities	year
Bridge chopping puddles	Bridges , chopped pods	2009
Mansfelder Land lake area	Amsdorf , Aseleben , Erdeborn , Hornburg , Lüttchendorf , Neehausen , Röblingen am See , Seeburg , Stedten , Wansleben am See	2010
South Harz	Bennungen , Roßla , Rottleberode , Stolberg (Harz) , Uftrungen and 10 others	2010

Schleswig-Holstein

new name	dissolved communities	year
Ahlefeld-Bistensee	Ahlefeld , Bistensee	2008
Fehmarn	Castle (already town), Bannesdorf , Landkirchen , Westfehmarn	2003
Sankt Peter-Ording	Ording, Saint Peter	1967
Schwentinental	Raisdorf , Klausdorf	2008
Sylt	Westerland (already a city), Sylt-Ost , Rantum	2009
Mittelangeln (municipality)	Satrup , Havetoftloit , male dog (medium fishing)	2013
Steinberg Church	Steinberg Church , Quern	2013
Brodersby-Goltoft	Brodersby , Goltoft	2018
Stapel (Schleswig-Flensburg district)	Norderstapel , Süderstapel	2018

Thuringia

new name	dissolved communities	year
Leinefelde-Worbis	Breitenbach, Leinefelde (already town), Wintzingerode, Worbis (already town)	2004
Zella Mehlis	Mehlis, Zella St. Blasii	1919

Mergers not carried out in Germany

Eschbachtal in Hessen : instead, the six municipalities were incorporated into the independent city of Frankfurt am Main or Bad Homburg in the Hochtaunus district in 1972.
Schönreuth in Baden-Württemberg : instead, the four communities were incorporated into Ettlingen and Malsch - both in the Karlsruhe district - in1973 and 1974.

Consolidation of municipalities in Austria

In 1971, 319 municipalities in Burgenland were merged into 138 municipalities. 254 municipalities were dissolved and combined into 73, 65 municipalities remained. Due to later parishes, the number of parishes rose to 171 by January 2013.

In 1973 the number of municipalities in Carinthia decreased from 242 to 121 as a result of the municipal structural reform , and some new municipalities were later separated again.

At the Lower Austria. Municipal structure improvement from 1965, the number of municipalities in Lower Austria was reduced from 1,652 to 573/574.

From 2010 to 2015 the Styrian municipal structural reform took place , in which the number of municipalities was reduced from 542 to 287 and the number of districts from 17 to 13.

International

In terms of its effects, a distinction must be made between the simple merger of communes in France ( French fusion simple ) and the merger of communes into associated communes ( French communes associèes ) created by the law of July 16, 1971 .

Web links

Community merger on the Austrian platform administrative cooperation

Individual evidence

↑ Reto Steiner, Cooperation and Mergers of the Communities in Switzerland , 1999, p. 31.

↑ Christian Münzer, legal protection of the municipalities in the procedure for the municipal area change according to North Rhine-Westphalian law , 1971, p. 6 ff.

↑ Eva Siebenherz, Untergehangene Orte: Disappeared Villages in Germany , 2016, p. 4.

^ Hans Pohl, Wirtschaft, Unternehmen, Kreditwesen , 2005, p. 1105

↑ As of: residents January 1, 2015, municipalities May 1, 2015

↑ Link list of all municipalities in the Mühlviertel ( page no longer available , search in web archives ), 120 municipalities as accessed on September 14, 2014.@1@ 2

^ Economy in the Mühlviertel : The Mühlviertel had 246,419 inhabitants in 1991,
source: The districts of Upper Austria in the mirror of statistics, 1993 edition, Upper Austria Chamber of Commerce, accessed on September 14, 2014.

↑ Community mergers : 80 percent do it voluntarily : As of 2015, the Green Mark has only 288 municipalities instead of 542, Kurier, October 3, 2013, accessed on September 14, 2014.

↑ Styria with currently 539 municipalities will have 254 fewer municipalities in 2015 ( Memento from August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Scoop.at, November 18, 2013

↑ Population censuses from 1850: visualization of historical data , Federal Statistical Office (permanent resident population in 1000; Excel, 19.3 kB); accessed on November 29, 2019.

↑ Consolidation of parishes is not an issue. In: burgenland.orf.at. January 26, 2013, accessed August 1, 2019 .

↑ Hermann Franz, Die Communauté urbaine: the city-environs problem in the French municipal reform , 1985, p. 49

[1] Reto Steiner, Cooperation and Mergers of the Communities in Switzerland , 1999, p. 31.

[2] Christian Münzer, legal protection of the municipalities in the procedure for the municipal area change according to North Rhine-Westphalian law , 1971, p. 6 ff.

[3] Eva Siebenherz, Untergehangene Orte: Disappeared Villages in Germany , 2016, p. 4.

[4] Hans Pohl, Wirtschaft, Unternehmen, Kreditwesen , 2005, p. 1105

[5] As of: residents January 1, 2015, municipalities May 1, 2015