Community merger
A municipality merger (also municipality amalgamation or municipality amalgamation ) is in municipal law the voluntary or forced amalgamation of at least two municipalities to form a new municipality as the legal successor . If all of the merging municipalities have city rights, one speaks of city merger .
General
Parish mergers can be the result of a general regional reform or based on a specific law that applies only to this parish merger. A municipality merger is the amalgamation of at least two neighboring municipalities into one, whereby the new municipality takes over all public tasks of the previous municipalities. Territorial reforms therefore take place through the withdrawal of a whole or part of a municipality, for example by amalgamation (municipality merger) or incorporation and simultaneous expansion of another existing municipality. A municipal reorganization is always associated with a municipality merger.
The linguistic usage of the reorganization describes with community merger the amalgamation of communities of approximately the same size, located close together, whereby the new regional authority often receives a double name or a new name. Congregation mergers exist as a merger to form a new congregation or as incorporation in the form of the admission of a congregation into another congregation.
species
At least two municipalities merge to form a new municipality, whereby all affected municipalities lose their previous legal capacity :
- .
This real congregation merger allows two (or more) previously independent congregations to emerge into a new congregation that receives a new congregation name . In the case of incorporation , a municipality gives up its legal independence, in the first case this is the municipality , in the second case the municipality :
- or
Upon incorporation, the - mostly smaller - community ( or ) loses its independence.
Legal issues
The municipality merger is not a municipal law term. Rather, § 16 HessGemO provides that, for reasons of public welfare, municipal boundaries can be changed, municipalities dissolved or newly formed. The participating municipalities and districts are to be heard beforehand. If the change in municipal boundaries affects the boundaries of rural districts , the change in the municipal boundaries also changes the county boundaries. Municipal boundaries can be changed voluntarily by agreement of the municipalities involved with the approval of the responsible supervisory authority. The agreement must be passed by the municipal councils of the municipalities involved with a majority of the legal number of municipal representatives. According to Section 16 (4) HessGemO, municipal boundaries can only be changed by law against the will of the municipalities involved. This also applies to the formation of a new community from parts of one or more communities. Through a community merger , the local law of the receiving community is extended and that of the removed community is revoked.
Effects
Community mergers can primarily affect residential and business headquarters , constituencies , schools , community taxes or savings banks . What they all have in common is their dependence on a municipality area, so that a change in a municipality area automatically results in a change in these geographically oriented legal institutions . For example, changes in area due to the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia led to significant transfers from Sparkasse branches. As a result of the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia of January 1975, the Kreissparkasse Köln (KSK) lost 26 branches to the Stadtsparkasse Köln ; this " Cologne Law " brought about the dissolution of the former districts of Cologne and Bergheim, which were absorbed into the Erftkreis . The transfer of the branches of KSK, which are now outside the guarantor area, was ordered by the Sparkasse supervisory authority on June 30, 1983. In January 1985, the Oberbergische Kreis became a member of the Sparkassenzweckverband, whereby the Kreissparkasse Waldbröl became part of the KSK Cologne; In December 1988 the KSK Cologne received eight branches of the Kreissparkasse Euskirchen .
Average number of inhabitants per municipality in some countries
country | Number of municipalities |
Residents | Ew.-Ø / community |
year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 16,127 | 79,753,000 | 4,945 | 1990 |
10,848 | 83.019.213 | 7,653 | 2019 | |
Saxony-Anhalt | 1,367 | 2,873,957 | 2,102 | 1990 |
218 | 2,208,321 | 10.130 | 2019 | |
Greece | 6,000 | 10,815,197 | 1,803 | 1997 |
325 | 33,278 | 2011 | ||
Netherlands | 443 | 16,730,632 | 37,767 | 2014 |
Austria | 2,354 | 8,507,786 | 3,614 | 2013 |
2,100 | 8,579,747 | 4,086 | 2015 | |
Austria: Burgenland | 171 | 287,416 | 1,681 | 2013 |
Austria: Lower Austria | 573 | 1,636,287 | 2,856 | 2015 |
Austria: Upper Austria | 442 | 1,436,791 | 3,251 | 2015 |
Austria: Upper Austria Mühlviertel | 120 | 246.419 | 2,053 | 1991 |
Austria: Styria excluding Graz | 542 | 946,847 | 1,747 | 2010 |
Austria: Styria | 539 | 1,215,246 | 2,255 | 2013 |
285 | 1,221,014 | 4,284 | 2015 | |
Poland | 2,478 | 38,483,957 | 15,512 | 2014 |
Sweden | 290 | 9,573,466 | 33,012 | 2013 |
Switzerland | 3,021 | 6,751,000 | 2,235 | 1990 |
2.212 | 8,544,527 | 3,863 | 2019 | |
Switzerland: Glarus | 27 | 38,609 | 1,430 | 2010 |
3 | 40,349 | 13,450 | 2017 |
Examples of mergers carried out in Germany
Baden-Württemberg
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Albstadt | Ebingen (already town), Onstmettingen , Pfeffingen , Tailfingen (already town) | 1975 |
Bad friedrichshall | Kochendorf, Jagstfeld, Hagenbach | 1933, expanded in 1935 |
Ballrechte-Dottingen | Ballrechte, Dottingen | 1971 |
Leinfelden-Echterdingen | Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Musberg, Stetten on the Fildern | 1975 |
Villingen-Schwenningen (Baden-Wuerttemberg City) | Villingen (already town) with part of Obereschach, Schwenningen (already town) with part of Mühlhausen, Herzogenweiler, Pfaffenweiler, Rietheim, Tannheim, Marbach, Weigheim, Weilersbach | 1972, 1972 expanded, 1974 expanded, 1975 expanded |
Wine town | Beutelsbach, Endersbach with part of Strümpfelbach, Großheppach, Schnait | 1975 |
Bavaria
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Dörfles-Esbach | Dörfles, Esbach | 1971 |
Garmisch-Partenkirchen | Garmisch, Partenkirchen | 1935 |
Seefeld | Hechendorf a.Pilsensee , Meiling, Oberalting-Seefeld | 1978 |
Brandenburg
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Gosen-Neu Zittau | Gosen, Neu Zittau | 2003 |
Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf | Lichterfeld, Schacksdorf | 1997 |
Löwenberger Land | Glambeck , Grieben , Großmutz , Grüneberg , Gutengermendorf , Häsen , Löwenberg , Neulöwenberg , Falkenthal , Teschendorf | 1997 |
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück | Bahnsdorf , Drasdo , Uebigau (already town), Wahrenbrück (already town), Wiederau | 2001 |
Hesse
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Ahnatal | Heckershausen , Weimar | 1972 |
Alsbach chicken | Alsbach, little chicken | 1977 |
Baunatal | Altenbauna , Altenritte , Grosseritte , Guntershausen , Hertingshausen , Kirchbauna , Rengershausen | 1964; Expanded in 1966, 1971 and 1972 |
Fulda valley | Ihringshausen , Knickhagen , Rothwesten , Simmershausen , Wahnhausen , Wilhelmshausen | 1970 |
Habichtswald | Dörnberg , Ehlen | 1972 |
Niestetal | Heiligenrode , Sandershausen | 1972 |
Oberzent | Beerfelden (already a town), Hesseneck , Rothenberg , Sensbachtal | 2018 |
Schwalmstadt | Treysa (already town), Ziegenhain (already town) and other communities | 1970 |
Taunusstein | Bleidenstadt, Hahn, Neuhof, Seitzenhahn, Watzhahn, Wehen, Hambach, Niederlibbach, Orlen and Wingsbach | 1971 |
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Divitz-Spoldershagen | Divitz, Spoldershagen | 1999 |
Feldberg lake landscape | Conow, Dolgen, Feldberg (already town), Lichtenberg, Lüttenhagen | 1999 |
Kenz-Küstrow | Kenz, Küstrow | 1999 |
Lower Saxony
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Hammah | Groß-Sterneberg, Mitteldorf | 1972 |
Katlenburg-Lindau | Berka , Elvershausen , Gillersheim , Katlenburg , Lindau , Suterode , Wachenhausen | 1974 |
Rehburg-Loccum | Loccum , Bad Rehburg , Münchehagen , Rehburg (already town), Winzlar | 1974 |
North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhineland-Palatinate
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Bernkastel-Kues | Bernkastel (already town), Kues | 1905 |
Idar-Oberstein | Algenrodt, Idar (already town), Oberstein (already town), Tiefenstein | 1933 |
Thaleischweiler frogs | Thaleischweiler , Thalfröschen | 1969 |
Traben-Trarbach | Traben, Trarbach (already town) | 1904 |
Saarland
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Mandelbachtal | Bebelsheim , Blieshaben-Bolchen , Erfweiler-Ehlingen , Habkirchen , Heckendalheim , Ommersheim , Ormesheim , Wittersheim | 1974 |
Rehlingen-Siersburg | Rehlingen, Siersburg and 8 others | 1974 |
Saxony
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel | Bad Gottleuba , Berggießhübel | 1999 |
Demitz-Thumitz | Demitz, Thumitz | 1898 |
Ebersbach-Neugersdorf | Ebersbach , Neugersdorf | 2011 |
Ralbitz-Rosenthal | Ralbitz , Rosenthal | 1994 |
Raschau-Markersbach | Raschau , Markersbach | 2008 |
Schirgiswalde-Kirschau | Schirgiswalde , Crostau , Kirschau | 2011 |
Clip houses | Klipphausen , Triebischtal | 2012 |
Saxony-Anhalt
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Bridge chopping puddles | Bridges , chopped pods | 2009 |
Mansfelder Land lake area | Amsdorf , Aseleben , Erdeborn , Hornburg , Lüttchendorf , Neehausen , Röblingen am See , Seeburg , Stedten , Wansleben am See | 2010 |
South Harz | Bennungen , Roßla , Rottleberode , Stolberg (Harz) , Uftrungen and 10 others | 2010 |
Schleswig-Holstein
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Ahlefeld-Bistensee | Ahlefeld , Bistensee | 2008 |
Fehmarn | Castle (already town), Bannesdorf , Landkirchen , Westfehmarn | 2003 |
Sankt Peter-Ording | Ording, Saint Peter | 1967 |
Schwentinental | Raisdorf , Klausdorf | 2008 |
Sylt | Westerland (already a city), Sylt-Ost , Rantum | 2009 |
Mittelangeln (municipality) | Satrup , Havetoftloit , male dog (medium fishing) | 2013 |
Steinberg Church | Steinberg Church , Quern | 2013 |
Brodersby-Goltoft | Brodersby , Goltoft | 2018 |
Stapel (Schleswig-Flensburg district) | Norderstapel , Süderstapel | 2018 |
Thuringia
new name | dissolved communities | year |
---|---|---|
Leinefelde-Worbis | Breitenbach, Leinefelde (already town), Wintzingerode, Worbis (already town) | 2004 |
Zella Mehlis | Mehlis, Zella St. Blasii | 1919 |
Mergers not carried out in Germany
- Eschbachtal in Hessen : instead, the six municipalities were incorporated into the independent city of Frankfurt am Main or Bad Homburg in the Hochtaunus district in 1972.
- Schönreuth in Baden-Württemberg : instead, the four communities were incorporated into Ettlingen and Malsch - both in the Karlsruhe district - in1973 and 1974.
Consolidation of municipalities in Austria
In 1971, 319 municipalities in Burgenland were merged into 138 municipalities. 254 municipalities were dissolved and combined into 73, 65 municipalities remained. Due to later parishes, the number of parishes rose to 171 by January 2013.
In 1973 the number of municipalities in Carinthia decreased from 242 to 121 as a result of the municipal structural reform , and some new municipalities were later separated again.
At the Lower Austria. Municipal structure improvement from 1965, the number of municipalities in Lower Austria was reduced from 1,652 to 573/574.
From 2010 to 2015 the Styrian municipal structural reform took place , in which the number of municipalities was reduced from 542 to 287 and the number of districts from 17 to 13.
International
In terms of its effects, a distinction must be made between the simple merger of communes in France ( French fusion simple ) and the merger of communes into associated communes ( French communes associèes ) created by the law of July 16, 1971 .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reto Steiner, Cooperation and Mergers of the Communities in Switzerland , 1999, p. 31.
- ↑ Christian Münzer, legal protection of the municipalities in the procedure for the municipal area change according to North Rhine-Westphalian law , 1971, p. 6 ff.
- ↑ Eva Siebenherz, Untergehangene Orte: Disappeared Villages in Germany , 2016, p. 4.
- ^ Hans Pohl, Wirtschaft, Unternehmen, Kreditwesen , 2005, p. 1105
- ↑ As of: residents January 1, 2015, municipalities May 1, 2015
- ↑ Link list of all municipalities in the Mühlviertel ( page no longer available , search in web archives ), 120 municipalities as accessed on September 14, 2014.
-
^ Economy in the Mühlviertel : The Mühlviertel had 246,419 inhabitants in 1991,
source: The districts of Upper Austria in the mirror of statistics, 1993 edition, Upper Austria Chamber of Commerce, accessed on September 14, 2014. - ↑ Community mergers : 80 percent do it voluntarily : As of 2015, the Green Mark has only 288 municipalities instead of 542, Kurier, October 3, 2013, accessed on September 14, 2014.
- ↑ Styria with currently 539 municipalities will have 254 fewer municipalities in 2015 ( Memento from August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Scoop.at, November 18, 2013
- ↑ Population censuses from 1850: visualization of historical data , Federal Statistical Office (permanent resident population in 1000; Excel, 19.3 kB); accessed on November 29, 2019.
- ↑ Consolidation of parishes is not an issue. In: burgenland.orf.at. January 26, 2013, accessed August 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Hermann Franz, Die Communauté urbaine: the city-environs problem in the French municipal reform , 1985, p. 49