Breyell

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Breyell
City of Nettetal
Breyell Coat of Arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 44 ″  N , 6 ° 15 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 40 m above sea level NN
Area : 11.85 km²
Residents : 7980  (Jun 30, 2013)
Population density : 673 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1970
Postal code : 41334
Area code : 02153
map
Location of Breyell in the town of Nettetal

Breyell is a district of Nettetal in the Viersen district in North Rhine-Westphalia . The former honors Leutherheide and Lötsch belong to Breyell .

history

The name Breyell originally goes back to the Celtic word Britogilum (shining water). From the 4th century the name became Breidelo (large forest), later to Breidele, Breiel and Breyell.

middle Ages

Breyell belonged to the Duchy of Jülich and was probably first mentioned in a document on September 30, 1118, when Count Gerhard I von Kessel gave a court in "Breidele" to the collegiate monastery at Wassenberg, which he founded .

Breyell was an important trading center in the Middle Ages . Due to the favorable location at the crossroads of centuries-old trade routes ( Cologne - Den Bosch , Aachen - Nijmegen ) and not far from old storage areas on the Maas (ports of Tegelen / Steyl and Venlo ), people lived from trading and transporting goods in addition to agriculture.

Modern times

In 1596, Duke Johann Wilhelm von Jülich gave Breyell the right to hold a market twice a year.

For some time of the year, many farmers were also traveling around as mongers. They moved across the country with a load or box and sold their goods directly to customers all over Europe. In a report from the district administrator of Kempen to the government in Kleve from 1817 (when large parts of Germany suffered from a bad harvest ) it says:

"As is well known, the community of Breyell has so much trade spirit that it expresses itself among the lower class by the fact that almost every individual acts from childhood, that is, peddles."

The bronze sculpture of a box carrier in the pedestrian zone of Breyell, created by Hubert Löneke , has been a reminder of the great importance of the pedestrian trade in the past since 1984 .

Over the years during or since the Thirty Years' War , the peddlers or box carriers developed their own commercial / secret language , the shopkeeper Latin (the Henese spot ), with which they communicated with each other on their travels; in Breyell they spoke Breyeller Platt .

Around the middle of the 18th century, tanneries and linen factories were founded, later wool spinning mills and stocking factories too .

In the autumn of 1794 French troops conquered the left bank of the Rhine .

The Duchy of Jülich and other territories were annexed by the first French Empire at the beginning of the 19th century (→ Peace of Lunéville ).

In 1815, after Napoleon's defeat , the northern part of the left bank of the Rhine became part of Prussia (→ Congress of Vienna ); Breyell was an independent mayor in the Kempen district .

The construction of the Viersen – Venlo railway from 1864 to 1866 with a passenger and freight station in Breyell contributed significantly to the development of the place. The Rötzel steel rolling mill, which existed from 1933, had a private siding .

From 1897 a hospital with 50 beds was built, which was expanded to 60 beds in 1959 and 100 beds in 1965. The hospital was closed in 1996 and converted into a retirement home.

Memorial to the memory of the November pogroms 1938 and the Holocaust

In 1929, the Kempen district was dissolved and Breyell was added to the newly formed Kempen-Krefeld district.
During the November pogroms on November 9, 1938, the synagogue on Biether Strasse, inaugurated on October 21, 1910, was
destroyed by arson. At that time there were about 25 Jewish citizens living in Breyell. On November 9, 2013, the 75th anniversary of the pogroms, a memorial was inaugurated at the site of the synagogue.

After the end of Operation Blackcock (January 1945) and after the start of Operation Grenade , the Wehrmacht evacuated on 27/28. February 1945 without a fight, the Maas - Rur -Dreieck between Venlo , Roermond and Wassenberg to an enclosure to escape. On March 1, 1945 a combat group of the 8th US Armored Division (in the rear of the Maas-Rur position ) advanced via Niederkrüchten , Brüggen , Bracht and Kaldenkirchen to Venlo . Breyell was occupied on March 2, 1945.

Breyell was incorporated into Nettetal on January 1, 1970 .

Population development

year Residents
December 31, 2005 8210
December 31, 2007 8099
December 31, 2008 8076
December 31, 2009 7919
December 31, 2010 7871
December 31, 2011 7931
December 31, 2012 7923
December 31, 2012 7980

politics

Since the municipal reorganization in 1970, the formerly independent municipality of Breyell ( Kempen-Krefeld district ) has belonged to the newly formed town of Nettetal in the Viersen district. Until 1995, Breyell also owned the neighboring community of Schaag (since then also a district of Nettetal).

The seat of the city administration, which is also responsible for Breyell, and the political bodies are in the neighboring district of Lobberich .

Mayor from to
Hans Siemes ( CDU )
Inge von den Bruck ( CDU ) 2001 2009
Hans Hubert Glock ( CDU ) 2009

Culture

Attractions

Old Lambertiturm
St. Lambertus Breyell
Weyer Castle
House Baerlo
  • Lambertiturm from the 14th century. The steeple (Alter Lambert) of the former Breyell parish church was renovated in 1999-2001 and is considered a landmark and urban center of Breyell. The nave was demolished in 1907.
  • Two-tower Catholic parish church St. Lambertus from 1905 in neo-Romanesque style.
  • Old town hall from 1810. The two-storey, classicist brick building originally belonged to the Derks, then Moubis, Goossens and Riesen families. An inscription incorrectly identifies it as the birthplace of the composer Peter Johann Peters . It was expanded in 1989 and is now used as a city library.
  • Various town houses on the central Lambertimarkt
  • Representative Wilhelminian style villas in Josefstrasse
  • Weyer Kastell (sometimes incorrectly also Weiher Kastell ) from the 14th century
  • House Baerlo. More than 300 years ago, a castle surrounded by moats and ramparts was built in a clearing between Breyell and Leuth. It belonged to the von Baerlo family, who were nicknamed von Krickenbeck . A descendant sold Haus Baerlo, which has since changed hands several times and is now in decline.
  • Fire Brigade Museum

The annual Christkindl market on the first weekend in Advent is known beyond Breyell's borders .

regional customs

  • Carnival, especially on the site of the former Rötzelwerke in Breyell near the Wölesen, but also at Kreuels on the market near the Molveren Dei and the Indestructible Onnert
  • Shooting festival of the St. Lambertus Brotherhood Breyell-Dorf / -Metgesheide or St. Maria Himmelfahrt Brotherhood Breyell-Natt
  • Corpus Christi procession
  • St. Martin's festival with parade and fireworks

Youth associations

German Scouting Association Sankt Georg DPSG Stamm Sankt Lambertus Breyell (since 1948)

Other associations

Old Boy Scout Breyell

  • Association for the promotion of youth work of the DPSG Stamm Sankt Lambertus Breyell

Infrastructure and economy

traffic

automobile

Breyell is located on the A 61 motorway and has the Breyell exit (junction 4) close by, which is only accessible from the direction of Venlo / Kaldenkirchen. Breyell is also connected via the Nettetal entrance / exit (junction 5). The former B 7 federal road is now the L 29 state road.

Breyell train station

Breyell train station

Breyell station is a double-track station with passenger and freight traffic in the direction of Venlo and Mönchengladbach on the Viersen – Venlo railway line . In regular passenger traffic, the train station is served every hour by the RE 13 regional express ( Maas-Wupper-Express ) in both directions.

The section from Mönchengladbach to Kaldenkirchen station went into operation on January 29, 1866. The station building from the second half of the 19th century was demolished in August 1987 after the independent Federal Railway Station Breyell was closed in 1977 and the building then became increasingly neglected. Today bus shelters, ticket machines and parking spaces take their place.

At the moment, Breyell station cannot be linked directly, but only with large detours in public transport and is only surrounded by fallow land to the north, with a retail branch nearby. A new urban quarter around the train station is being planned and includes the construction of a spacious P + R parking lot and good pedestrian access.

Bus traffic in public transport

In addition to the railway line in public transport (to public transport ), the bus lines 064 ( Bracht - St. Tönis ) and 093 ( Kaldenkirchen - Kempen operated).

Both bus lines and the train line can be used at uniform prices within the Rhein-Ruhr transport association (VRR).

Public facilities

  • Catholic kindergarten St. Lambertus
  • Kindergarten Lummerland
  • Kindergarten Zwergenland
  • Community elementary school
  • Lambertus School, Städt. Catholic elementary school
  • Municipal comprehensive school
  • City library at Lambertimarkt
  • Citizen service of the city of Nettetal in the old administration building on Lambertimarkt

retail trade

All shops to cover daily needs are available in Breyell.

Agriculture

Agriculture and animal husbandry are widespread in Breyell to this day.

Commercial and industrial

Long-established companies that still exist today belong to the forwarding trade, leather and processing trades (e.g. a tannery and shoe manufacture) and the metalworking trade. A steel rolling mill that was important for Breyell until a few years ago (Christian-Rötzel AG, 1933–2002) no longer exists.

The Speckerfeld industrial park was built in the early 1970s. Printing companies, freight forwarders, steel processing companies, car dealerships and many other branches of industry and business have settled there. It is characterized in particular by its proximity to the motorway.

Development priorities

Development priorities according to the land use plan of the city of Nettetal:

As a district of Nettetal, Breyell mainly has the function of residential development.

  • Development of new residential areas
  • Securing the existing commercial areas in the east, only limited development possible due to the location in the water protection area
  • Clear definition of the uses and tasks of the central areas (former steel rolling mill) between the center and the new breakpoint

Personalities

literature

  • Hanna Meuter : Breyell wat chuckled. A home book from the old Kiepträger village. 1959 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, Volume 12)
  • Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot. An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, Volume 23), critically reviewed by Siegmund A. Wolf, in: Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 44.2 (1977), pp. 176–177.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Main State Archives Düsseldorf , Government Kleve 92, fol. 38, quoted in: Hans-Heinrich Bass : Hungerkrisen in Prussen during the first half of the 19th century. Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, St. Katharinen 1991, ISBN 3-922661-90-4 , p. 44
  2. http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Amt_Breyell
  3. nettetal.de ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nettetal.de
  4. according to this article 1934.
  5. pdf page 72
  6. www.krankenhaus-nettetal.de ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.krankenhaus-nettetal.de
  7. ^ Hospital for the poor
  8. Memory of the Jews of Breyell
  9. ^ Rheinische Post : Generational change in the culture of remembering
  10. Interview with Andrea Natterer, who created the memorial.
  11. ^ Rheinische Post: Synagogue finally receives its memorial
  12. Working group "memorial" of the comprehensive school Nettetal
  13. www.feststellung-weststellung.de
  14. Hans Kaiser / Grenzland-Kurier of February 28, 2015, p. C4: The citizens waved the white flags in front of the approaching US soldiers .
  15. Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 115 .
  16. ^ City of Nettetal - data & facts
  17. Cf. Alois Wolfgang Arbogast, The Musician Johann Peters (1820 - 1870) from Breyell. Collected things about his life, work, environment and aftermath , in: Heimatbuch des Kreis Viersen 52 (2001, for 2000), pp. 85–96, p. 86
  18. Mönchengladbach - Viersen - Venlo on: gessen.de from February 25, 2011
  19. City of Nettetal framework plans: New city quarter at the Breyell stop
  20. PROCESSES / Rötzel: All the howling , Der Spiegel 51/1969
  21. Criminal law classic: The Rötzel case , Juraexamen.info, December 13, 2012

Web links

Commons : Breyell  - collection of images, videos and audio files