Henese Fleck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Henese Fleck (also: the Heenese Vlek) is a secret language that was used by Kiep wearers , i.e. traveling traders , from the Lower Rhine community of Breyell to communicate with one another on their travels.

In his work on Rotwelsch (see literature), Friedrich Kluge spoke of the Henese Fleck as the "most surprising and strangest German secret language ever". In a sociographic field study from the second half of the 1940s, the Henese Fleck was rated as follows: “a clear sign of the former isolation from the outside” as well as “to seal off strangers and to limit personal and professional togetherness to the flatmates of his little one Settlement area "

The Henese Fleck probably has its origins in the time of the division of the Duchies of Kleve and Jülich-Berg shortly before the Thirty Years' War or in the time of the war itself, with smuggling growing into the 19th century and the associated need for one Possibility of communication for the initiated. It should be around 200 to 300 years old.

The language consists of an older part, which is mainly found in personal pronouns and numerals, and a newer part from the end of the 18th century, in which the regional dialect, Limburgish , is the predominant source. The term “Henes” also comes from the older part: “Henes” means “beautiful”, “good”, “strong” and the like, “Fleck” (or “Flick”) simply “language”. There are also connections to similar languages ​​in the greater area, the trader's language from Maastricht and Heerlen ( Overmaas ), but also the Bargundsch from the area around Bruges and Oudenaarde in Flanders and the Westphalian Tjötten language from the area around Ibbenbüren and Tecklenburg .

A statistical analysis of the vocabulary of around 800 terms reveals a predominant origin from Rotwelschen (75%), followed by Limburgish (30% with obviously around 5% uncertainty or overlap) and a few borrowings from other languages ​​such as French , Latin , Yiddish and Czech . It is noticeable that their numerals do not match either the dialect or the Jewish-German common in the majority of the Rotwelsch dialects and also name very large numbers.

Heenese Fleck and the surrounding Limburgish plateau are similar in the use of melodious sounds in gender words before certain masculine nouns . So called "Do you know de n man?" Translated "Holt Zinoetes de m brat?"

Word examples

  • minuetes (me), tsinuetes (you)
  • een (one), parts (two), troms (three), notringskes (four), holf krütskes (five), schpöerkes (six), schpöerkes on een (seven), ..., krütskes (ten), krütskes on een (eleven ), ..., parts krütskes (twenty), ..., holf uer (fifty), ..., uer (hundred), ..., krütskes uer (thousand), krüts-krütskes uer (ten thousand)
  • tsipken (yes)
  • Bengk (man), Tuere (woman), Jronts (child), Wööles (boy), Flitsch / Tüerke (girl), Näte (father), Tomp (wife), Nätesentuere (mother)
  • Baischüerer (shopkeeper), Huts (farmer), Kläter (tailor), Jenes (soldier), Piepenterger (organ player)
  • Bäälert (sheep), Kroates (pig), Jöök (calf), Höbel (dog), Hork / Mearte (cat), Kärperaal (rooster), Schrup (hen), Bööterd (goose), Lookhööt (rabbit), Vaarhear (goat) ), Jöelert (donkey)
  • Rüül (trade), Huf (smuggling), Kwok (profit)
  • Fleck, Vlek (language), mend, vleke (speak), Fimp (lie, falsehood, exaggeration), fimpe (exaggerate, dizzy, lie), Wup (scales), wupe (weigh, sway, tremble)
  • luren (look), lusteren (listen, listen), lusterkos (confessional), lusterlopp (ear, earlobe) 
  • Kni-el ( cinnamon )
  • kölschen ( play clicker )
  • den heenese Poi (large water - the Rhine), de loke Poi (small water - the Meuse)

grammar

As in German, compound thing words can be formed in the Heenese Fleck by connecting them together.

declination

There are three grammatical genders and two numbers when declining , as in German. In the singular masculine words with the particular are Articles de / te / to / th / the female with the / de / te and neuter with dot / dat / et provided that certain articles of the majority is always the / de / te . The German distinction in four cases is not known. The possessive case is circumscribed with by or the X his / her Y, as in all local languages ​​in the west of the German-speaking area and in Dutch. Pronouns have significantly fewer different forms than in German. All of these properties largely agree with the Breller plot .

conjugation

In the conjugation one differentiates between three persons and two numbers as in German. There is the present , first , second , and third past, and the simple future . The conditioned tenses formally coincide with the second and third past. The command form does not distinguish between singular and plural and formally coincides with the second person singular of the present. Three activity words are irregular or strong, all others are conjugated regularly.

literature

  • Johann Heinrich Jansen: Key to the shopkeeper Latin or: short instructions for the Henese spot of the Breyeller . 1847 (29 pages).
  • Heinrich Houben : Guide to shopkeeper Latin called Henese Fleck . Breyell 1888, 3rd edition 1938/39, facsimile 2018 (39 pages).
  • Friedrich Kluge : Rotwelsch. Sources and vocabulary of rogue language and related secret languages . Strasbourg 1901, Volume I pp. 446-448.
  • Gerda Dobbert: Hainbroich. A sociographic study of a German village on the Dutch border . In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie , 2nd year 1949/50, pp. 398–433 (“Hainbroich” is an encryption that the author used for Breyell).
  • Siegmund Andreas Wolf: Dictionary of the Rotwelschen . German crooks language. OJ (1956), p. 23.
  • Hanna Meuter : "Breyell wat chuckled!" A home book from the old Kiepträger village . Ed. Association of Friends of Home "Henese Fleck". Series of publications by the district of Kempen-Krefeld, Volume 12, 1959.
  • Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot. An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine . Kempen 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, Volume 23), critically reviewed by Siegmund A. Wolf, in: Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 44.2 (1977), pp. 176–177.
  • Hans Straver: High German - Breyeller Platt - Henese-Fleck . Breyell 1984
  • Peter Honnen : Secret languages ​​in the Rhineland . A documentation of the Rotwelsch dialects in Bell, Breyell, Kofferen, Neroth, Speicher and Stotzheim. In: Rhenish dialects . 2nd Edition. tape 10 . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7927-1728-X , III. Beyell, S. 45–87 (with a CD).

Footnotes

  1. ^ Dobbert 1949/50, quoted in: Graf 1977
  2. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 73
  3. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 75
  4. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 56
  5. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 50
  6. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 44
  7. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 45
  8. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Page 36
  9. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Pages 74-79
  10. ↑ Heinz-Joachim Graf: The Henese spot . An old secret language of the box bearers from Breyell on the left Lower Rhine. Kempen / Niederrhein 1974 (= series of publications of the district of Kempen-Krefeld, volume 23, published by the senior district director). Pages 79-81

Web links