Kempen district

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Seal mark of the district administrator of the district of Kempen-Rhein

The Kempen district was from 1816 to 1929 a district in the administrative district of Kleve or Düsseldorf in the Prussian Rhine province . It comprised the northwestern part of today 's Viersen district . The county seat was Kempen . To distinguish it from the Kempen district in Posen , it was also called the Kempen district in the Rhineland . The district became part of the Kempen-Krefeld district in 1929 .

prehistory

During the First Coalition War , French revolutionary troops conquered the left bank of the Rhine in late autumn 1794 . France annexed the area; the annexation was prepared in the preliminary peace of Leoben (1797) and finally settled in the peace of Campo Formio (1797) and in the peace of Lunéville (1801). Four departments were formed; Kempen belonged to the Département de la Roer (Rur-Département; main town Aachen ).

All the laws in force in France have been introduced. This included the abolition of all corporate privileges, the establishment of civil equality, the establishment of a new court system and the introduction of the civil code . Spiritual property was secularized ; there was a fundamental shift in the entire property and financial situation.

After Napoleon's defeat (1814), a phase of restoration began at the Congress of Vienna . The northern part of the left bank of the Rhine became part of Prussia . The Rhine Province emerged from the two Prussian provinces of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine in 1822 .

history

In the administrative district of Kleve in the province of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, the Kempen district was formed by an order of April 23, 1816. It initially consisted of the mayor's offices of the former cantons of Bracht and Kempen (excluding Aldekerk) and the mayor's offices of Grefrath and Lobberich from the canton of Wankum. In 1818 it received its final size through the incorporation of the mayor's office in Süchteln and the farmers' association in Kehn . On January 1, 1822, the administrative district of Kleve was dissolved and the district of Kempen was assigned to the administrative district of Düsseldorf .

According to a statistical description from 1830, a total of 49,741 people lived in the Kempen district at that time, of whom 48,109 were Roman Catholic, 1,192 Protestant and 440 Jewish. The Catholic residents had 20 churches and 9 chapels, the Protestant residents 5 churches and the Jews 6 synagogues. A total of 8,184 residential buildings, 7,148 stables, barns and pots as well as 11 factory buildings were available. In Kempen, Dülken and Lobberich there was a peace court.

In the 1850s, Dülken , Kaldenkirchen , Kempen and Süchteln were given the Rhenish Town Code . Since then, the circle has been structured as follows:

Mayorry cities and communes
Amern Sankt Anton Amern Sankt Anton
Amern Sankt Georg Amern Sankt Georg , Dilkrath
Boisheim Boisheim
Brings Brings
Breyell Breyell
Bruggen Born , Brüggen
Burgwaldniel Lüttelforst , Burgwaldniel
Dülken-Land Dülken-Land
Dülken city Dülken (city)
Grefrath Grefrath
Sleeve Benrad , Hüls
Kaldenkirchen Kaldenkirchen (City)
Kempen Kempen (city)
Kirspelwaldniel Kirspelwaldniel
Praise Praise
Oedt Oedt
St. Hubert Broich , Orbroich
St. Tönis St. Tönis
Schmalbroich Schmalbroich
Addicts Addicts (city)
Tönisberg Tönisberg
Vorst Vorst

In 1875, the mayor of Süchteln initiated the erection of a memorial on the highest point of the district on the Süchtelner Heights, which is dedicated to the 147 soldiers who died in the Franco-German War (1870/71) from the Kempen district . The monument was inaugurated in September 1879.

The administrative structure was changed several times in the 20th century:

  • Broich and Orbroich merged in 1913 to form the parish of St. Hubert .
  • The municipalities of the mayor's offices Burgwaldniel and Kirspelwaldniel were merged in 1915 to form the mayor's office and municipality of Waldniel .
  • The mayor's offices have been called offices since 1927 .
  • The municipality of Dülken-Land was incorporated into the city of Dülken in 1927.
  • Dilkrath was incorporated into Amern Sankt Georg in 1928.

In 1929, the Kempen district, which last comprised four cities and 16 offices with 18 communities, was dissolved. It merged with parts of other districts, in particular the communities of the Krefeld district that were not added to the Krefeld-Uerdingen district in the new Kempen-Krefeld district .

The Kempen district administrator Karl von Hartmann-Krey, whose post was lost due to the regional reform, had warned sharply against the redesign and had a book printed at the end of 1928 that was supposed to prove the vitality of the district (see 'Literature') and make a silent film ( Title: The beautiful district of Kempen ).

Population development

year Residents
1816 44,585
1835 51,892
1871 83,592
1880 90,554
1890 91,696
1900 94,614
1910 101,850
1925 104,469

District administrators

archive

In the castle Kempen is the archive of Viersen. Documents from the 'Kempen District' and the 'Kempen-Krefeld District' are also stored there. Private individuals can also use it.

literature

  • Home register of the district of Kempen. Unchangeable Reprint of the 1929 edition, Krefeld 2004, ISBN 3-935526-07-5 .

Web links

Commons : Kreis Kempen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government at Cleve 1816
  2. ↑ Leo Peters : The Kempen District 1816-1929. In: The district of Viersen. Ed .: Oberkreisdirektor Rudolf H. Müller, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-8062-0184-6 , pp. 97–112.
  3. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia 1885
  4. ↑ The forgotten monument in Süchteln
  5. ↑ kempen.de: Timetable St. Hubert
  6. ↑ GenWiki: Waldniel
  7. ↑ schwalmtal.de: history
  8. ↑ available today on DVD; this DVD is enclosed with the book, which was reissued in 2004
  9. ^ A b Johann Georg von Viebahn: Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. 1836, p. 111 , accessed on May 5, 2014 (digitized version).
  10. ↑ a b Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia 1885
  11. ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. krefeld.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ www.kreis-viersen.de The district archive
  13. ↑ rp online: For the love of history

Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 7 ″  N , 6 ° 16 ′ 28.6 ″  E