District of Steinfurt (1816–1974)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Steinfurt district Map of Germany, position of the Steinfurt district highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 8 '  N , 7 ° 21'  E

Basic data (as of 1974)
Existing period: 1816-1974
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Muenster
Regional association : Westphalia-Lippe
Administrative headquarters : Burgsteinfurt
Area : 771.76 km 2
Residents: 195,900 (Dec. 31, 1973)
Population density : 254 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : BF
Circle key : 05 5 38
Circle structure: 16 municipalities
District Administrator : Martin Stroot ( CDU )
Location of the Steinfurt district in North Rhine-Westphalia
map
About this picture

The Steinfurt district was a district in the north of North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ). It was in 1816 as a district Steinfurt founded in the 1 January 1939 the district Steinfurt renamed and from 1 October 1969 again officially Steinfurt referred. On January 1, 1975, it was dissolved in the course of the regional reform by the Münster / Hamm law and united with the Tecklenburg district and parts of the Münster district to form the new Steinfurt district .

The district was not officially referred to as the Burgsteinfurt district because of its seat in Burgsteinfurt .

geography

Neighboring areas

In 1974, the district of Steinfurt bordered clockwise in the north, beginning with the districts of Grafschaft Bentheim and Lingen (both in Lower Saxony ) and with the districts of Tecklenburg , Münster , Coesfeld and Ahaus (all in North Rhine-Westphalia).

history

The historical components of the district area

Before 1802 the Steinfurt dominion belonged to the Duchy of Münster. The southern half of the bishopric of Münster enclosed the prince-bishop's offices of Horstmar, Rheine-Bevergern and Wolbeck, and the county of Steinfurt , which formed the centerpiece. The county of Steinfurt, which had belonged to the Counts' House of Bentheim-Steinfurt since the 16th century, consisted of the town of Burgsteinfurt and were farmers Sellen, Veltrup and Hollich.

Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

As a result of the treaty between France and Prussia of May 23, 1802, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the Prince Diocese of Münster was redistributed. As compensation for the loss of territory on the left bank of the Rhine, the Wild and Rhine Count of Salm-Grumbach received the Horstmar office . Karl August Friedrich, still a minor, took possession of the Horstmar County on November 12, 1802. The central authority was set up in Coesfeld and the previous Horstmar office was divided into the Coesfeld and Metelen offices. The parts of the prince-bishop's offices in Rheine-Bevergern and Wolbeck to the left of the Ems fell to the newly founded Principality of Rheina-Wolbeck . The Duke Wilhelm Joseph von Looz-Corswarem moved into Rheine on January 31, 1803.

The parts of the area to the right of the Ems fell to Prussia . On August 3, 1802, Prussia took over the eastern part of the bishopric with the state capital Münster.

Rhine Confederation

With the establishment of the Rhine Confederation Napoleon intervened massively in German affairs. On August 6, 1806, Emperor Franz II from the House of Habsburg-Lothringen laid down the imperial crown. This sealed the end of the Holy Roman Empire .

Grand Duchy of Berg

With a decree of Napoleon of March 15, 1806, the Duchy of Cleve-Berg was formed for his brother-in-law Murat.

Grand Ducal Bergischer District Steinfurt 1806-1808

The Counts of Bentheim-Steinfurt, the Wild and Rhine Counts and the Duke of Looz-Corswardem, who were internally close to Prussia, were quickly incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Berg by a French decree of July 26, 1806 . The new area was provisionally united to form the Steinfurt district. This was the first time that Burgsteinfurt was the center of an administrative district. The Steinfurt district was not territorially related to the (now) Grand Duchy.

On January 21, 1808, Napoleon granted the Grand Duchy the former Prussian states of Münster, Tecklenburg, Lingen and Mark, which were previously under French military administration, as well as Dortmund, Limburg and Rheda. On May 5, 1808, Steinfurt was linked to the Grand Duchy.

On July 15, 1808, Murat Napoleon ceded the Grand Duchy of Berg and took power in the Kingdom of Naples.

On November 4, 1808, a territorial division into departments, districts , cantons and Mairien (mayor's offices) was carried out according to the French model . The extensive area that was previously under Burgsteinfurt was divided into several districts, all of which were subordinate to the Bergisches Department of the Ems , based in Münster. From March 10, 1809, Burgsteinfurt found itself in the new Coesfeld district with the cantons of Billerbeck, Horstmar, Ochtrup, Rheine and Bentheim.

On March 9, 1809, Napoleon transferred the Grand Duchy to Prince Louis of Holland .

Continental barrier

On July 9, 1810, a Napoleonic decree incorporated the Kingdom of Holland into the French Empire. In order to be able to carry out the continental blockade against England more effectively, the entire area north of the Wesel to Lübeck line was connected with France by Senatus Consultation on December 13, 1810. Ostfriesland, Jever, Knyphausen and Varel fell to Holland, which was already French . The Grand Duchy of Berg lost, among other things, part of the Münsterland, Lingen and Tecklenburg. From January 1, 1811 to April 27, 1811, the Steinfurt district belonged to the French department of the Yssel estuary with the main town of Zwolle. The Steinfurt district comprised the cantons of Coesfeld , Billerbeck , Horstmar , Ochtrup , Rheine and Bentheim . The districts of Rees and Munster came to the department of Ober-Yssel . The Neuenhaus district came to the East-Ems department .

The amalgamation of Dutch and German districts proved to be unfavorable; therefore, on April 27, 1811, the Lippe department was formed. One of the districts was Steinfurt, with the cantons of Ahaus , Billerbeck , Coesfeld , Ochtrup ( Gronau , Metelen and Nienborg ), Rheine and Steinfurt ( Borghorst , Altenberge , Horstmar, Nordwalde and Schöppingen ).

Prussian

Prussian official letter from District Administrator Cormann in Borghorst

The first Allied troops arrived at the beginning of November 1813. The prefectures became administrative commissions. Baron Ludwig von Vincke was appointed interim general commissioner on November 14, 1813. A few days later the Prussian provisional government commission began its work. The whole district of Steinfurt came under the government of Munster, von Oer remained in office as district administrator. In 1816 the Steinfurt district was redistributed. Bernhard Franz Josef Cormann became district commissioner.

History since 1816

Emswehr in Rheine

The official founding date of the Steinfurt district is August 10, 1816. It was based on the ordinance on the division of the Münster administrative district district into district government districts in Münster . The district was divided into eleven mayor's offices until 1843 :

  • Altenberge
  • Borghorst
  • Emsdetten
  • Horstmar with Leer
  • Laer with Holthausen
  • Metelen
  • New churches with bets
  • North forest
  • Ochtrup with Langenhorst and Welbergen
  • Rheine with Elte and Mesum
  • Steinfurt

On July 13, 1827, the district order valid for the Prussian province of Westphalia came into force in the Steinfurt district . With the introduction of the rural community order for the province of Westphalia in 1843 and 1844, the mayor's offices were transferred to offices . The out of the church Mesum existing Office Mesum had only briefly in hand and was incorporated into the Office Rheine. 1852 The city of Burgsteinfurt remained free of office, while the city of Rheine belonged to the Rheine office until 1851 and then also became free of office. Since then, the district has been divided into twelve offices and a total of 27 municipalities:

Office Communities
free of charge Burgsteinfurt and Rheine
Altenberge Altenberge
Borghorst Borghorst
Emsdetten Emsdetten and Hembergen
Horstmar City of Horstmar , parish of Horstmar and Leer
Laer Laer and Holthausen
Metelen Wigbold Metelen and Parish Metelen
Neuenkirchen Neuenkirchen
North forest North forest
Ochtrup Wigbold Ochtrup , parish Ochtrup , Langenhorst and Welbergen
Rheine Elte , Mesum , Rheine on the left of the Ems , Rheine on the right of the Ems
Steinfurt Hollich , Sellen and Veltrup
Competition Competition

A new district order issued on March 11, 1850, was revised by a royal decree on June 19, 1852 after only two years. Only on March 19, 1881, a reformed district order for Westphalia and thus also the Steinfurt district came into force. On October 1, 1890, the parish parish Ochtrup was incorporated into the city of Ochtrup. On October 7, 1925, proportional representation was also introduced in the Steinfurt district . It was used in the elections of the district council, district deputies and district commissions. The first election after that took place on November 29, 1925. The Center Party won 19, the SPD  3, the KPD  1, the United Right Party 2, the Horstmar District 1, the Rheine community 2 and the Wettringen community 1 seat.

On April 1, 1927, the peasants Bentlage, Wadelheim, Dutum, Eschendorf and Gellendorf were spun off in favor of the city of Rheine, which incorporated the corresponding areas into its urban area. In the last free district election on March 12, 1933, before the National Socialists came to power , it became clear that the NSDAP had not yet gained a foothold in the Steinfurt district. The Center Party won 17 seats, the NSDAP 6 seats, the SPD and the Black-White-Red Battle Front 2 seats each and the KPD and the Evangelical List 1 seat each. Shortly thereafter, however, all elected institutions were disempowered and in 1934 the Dismissal of District Administrator Strunden because he was not a member of the NSDAP.

The offices of Altenberge, Borghorst, Neuenkirchen, Nordwalde and Wettringen, each consisting of just one municipality, were abolished in 1934. On April 1, 1938, the parish of Metelen parish was incorporated into the town of Metelen, which has since been free of charge, and the parish of Horstmar parish was incorporated into the town of Horstmar. The municipality of Emsdetten was granted city rights on September 18, 1938 and, like Hembergen, became vacant. On April 1, 1939, Hollich , Sellen and Veltrup were incorporated into the city of Burgsteinfurt.

After the end of the Second World War , Ordinance No. 100 of the British military government came into force on April 1, 1946 in the Steinfurt district, according to which mayors and district administrators no longer had any powers. In addition, the political dual leadership was introduced, i. H. in addition to the mayor, there was the office of city director and next to the district administrator there was the office of senior district director. In the same year, Hans Riehemann was elected by the CDU as the first district administrator of the post-war period . Borghorst received city rights in 1950. In 1968 the district had the following administrative structure:

Office Communities
free of charge Altenberge, Borghorst, Burgsteinfurt, Emsdetten, Hembergen, Metelen, Neuenkirchen, Nordwalde, Rheine and Wettringen
Horstmar Horstmar and Leer
Laer Laer and Holthausen
Ochtrup Ochtrup, Langenhorst and Welbergen
Rheine Elte, Mesum, Rheine on the left of the Ems, Rheine on the right of the Ems

In 1969, the law on the reorganization of municipalities in the Steinfurt district resulted in a first, smaller regional reform . Horstmar and Leer were combined to form the town of Horstmar, Laer and Holthausen to form the community of Laer and Ochtrup and Langenhorst and Welbergen to form the city of Ochtrup. Hembergen was incorporated into Emsdetten. The offices of Horstmar, Laer and Ochtrup were dissolved. Since then, the district comprised 16 communities.

From 1971 onwards, plans for a major district reform began, during which various structural concepts were controversially discussed. On May 8, 1974, the Münster / Hamm Act was passed, which included further municipal mergers and a district reform with effect from January 1, 1975:

Population development

year Residents source
1819 035,781
1832 039,203
1858 044.183
1871 044,493
1880 048,857
1890 054,975
1900 067.241
1910 084,242
1925 097,433
1939 118.506
1950 157.337
1960 162,700
1970 188,300
1973 195,900

politics

Results of the local elections from 1946

Share of votes of the parties in percent

year CDU SPD FDP DZP KPD
1946 52.8 22.7 17.8 2.8
1948 38.9 29.5 28.2 2.4
11952 1 43.4 23.2 3.7 23.3
1956 46.1 28.8 3.9 19.4
1961 55.9 26.4 6.2 11.5
1964 54.6 29.0 7.8 07.6
21969 2 57.7 32.2 4.4 03.4

Footnotes

1 1952: additionally: BHE: 5.4%
2 1969: additionally: UWO: 2.9%

District administrators

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the BF distinctive sign was assigned to the then district when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It was issued until December 31, 1974. Since July 3, 2013 it has been available alongside TE and ST due to the license plate liberalization in the Steinfurt district, which has existed since 1975 .

literature

  • Wilhelm Kohl: 150 years of the Steinfurt district, 1816–1966 . Self-published by the district of Steinfurt, 1966.
  • CW von Lancizolle: Overview of the German imperial class and territorial relations . F. Dümmler, Berlin 1830.

Web links

Commons : Kreis Steinfurt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Announcement of the new version of the district regulations for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from August 11, 1969 in the Law and Ordinance Gazette for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, year 1969, No. 2021, p. 670 ff.
  2. ↑ a b Westfalenlexikon 1832–1835 . In: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Ed.): Reprints for the Westphalian archive maintenance . tape 3 . Münster 1978, p. 256 (reprint of the original from 1834).
  3. ↑ Landgemeinde -ordnung for the Province of Westphalia from October 31, 1841 (PDF; 1.6 MB)
  4. ↑ Official Gazette for the Münster district in 1843. Retrieved on February 2, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Official Gazette for the Münster district in 1844. Retrieved on February 2, 2014 .
  6. ^ Wolfgang Leesch: Administration in Westphalia 1815-1945 . In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia . tape 38 . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06845-1 .
  7. ^ A b Wolfgang Leesch: Administration in Westphalia 1815–1945 . In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia . tape 38 . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06845-1 .
  8. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 219, 223 .
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 317 .
  10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Statistical news about the government district Münster 1858, p. 17
  12. ↑ a b Community encyclopedia Westphalia 1887 p. 127
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. steinfurt.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1972
  15. ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1975