Wattenscheid

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Wattenscheid
City of Bochum
Coat of arms of Wattenscheid
Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 50 ″  N , 7 ° 7 ′ 57 ″  E
Height : 68 m
Area : 23.96 km²
Residents : 72,774  (Jan 31, 2019)
Population density : 3,037 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 44866, 44867, 44869
Area code : 02327
map
Location of Wattenscheid in Bochum

From 1926 to 1974 Wattenscheid was an independent city in the central Ruhr area. As part of the regional reform , Wattenscheid was merged with the independent city of Bochum with effect from January 1, 1975 . Currently (as of January 31, 2019) Wattenscheid as district 2 Bochum-Wattenscheid has 72,774 inhabitants. The patron saint of the city district is Saint Gertrude .

Location and structure

Wattenscheid is located in the west of Bochum in the middle of the Ruhr area . In the west Wattenscheid borders on Gelsenkirchen and Essen , in the north on Herne . It belongs to the Hellwegbörde north of the Ruhr .

The districts make up the Wattenscheid district

Seal of the city of Wattenscheid

history

Old street in the city center
Street view: Hochstraße
Pedestrian zone

The first mention of Wattenscheid found in the lift tab of Werden Abbey from the year 880 as Villa Uattanscethe . The same document also contains the names of the Wattenscheid districts of Eppendorf (Abbingthorpe), Höntrop (Hogingthorpe) and Westenfeld (Westanfelda) for the first time . Before 1417 Wattenscheid received city-like rights of freedom from Count Adolf IV of Kleve-Mark . From 1554 Wattenscheid was a member of the Hanseatic League .

At the beginning of the 17th century Wattenscheid was the most populous freedom in the county of Mark with around 700 inhabitants . During the Thirty Years War Wattenscheid was occupied by Spanish horsemen from 1623 to 1629 and was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1635.

Between 1811 and 1832 Wattenscheid was the seat of a commissioner's office to which 36 parishes belonged, including Bochum , Gelsenkirchen , Dortmund , Unna , Hattingen , Hagen , Iserlohn and Hamm . In 1816, when the Prussian province of Westphalia was established , Wattenscheid became the seat of a mayor's office (renamed to Amt in 1842 ), to which the communities of Hessler, Schalke, Braubauerschaft (today Bismarck), Bulmke, Hüllen, Gelsenkirchen, Ückendorf , Leithe, Günnigfeld, Westenfeld, Sevinghausen, Eiberg , Freisenbruch, Königssteele , Höntrop, Eppendorf and Munscheid belonged. Coal mining, which was first mentioned in Wattenscheid in 1722, accelerated the development of the city during the period of industrialization , so that in 1840 there were twelve mines with around 580 miners.

In 1868 Gelsenkirchen was dismissed from the Wattenscheid office, followed in 1876 and 1885 by Ückendorf, later incorporated by Gelsenkirchen, and the Königssteele, later incorporated by Essen, so that the office lost almost two thirds of its area.

Due to the population growth of Wattenscheid in the late 19th century, Wattenscheid received city ​​rights on January 15, 1876 . From 1885 to 1926 Wattenscheid belonged to the district of Gelsenkirchen as an unofficial city .

The entry into force of the Law on the reorganization of municipal boundaries in the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial districts on April 1, 1926 Wattenscheid was the incorporation of Munscheid and parts of the municipalities Eppendorf , Günnigfeld , Höntrop , King Steele , Leithe (Westphalia) , Sevinghausen and west field a independent city with 62,780 inhabitants.

In 1957 more than 8,000 Wattenscheiders (around 60 percent of the then working population) worked in the mining industry . A structural change took place in the second half of the 20th century : mines were gradually closed and new industrial companies were established. The mayor at the time, Erwin Topp , tried successfully from 1968 to prevent impoverishment through the end of the collieries and the incorporation of Wattenscheid into Bochum, but he died in a plane crash in the Taunus in 1971 . In 1973, the “Holland” colliery, the last one in Wattenscheid, was shut down.

On January 1, 1975, the cities of Bochum and Wattenscheid were finally merged by the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia as part of an extensive regional reform ( Ruhr Area Law ) to form a new city called "Bochum", as there are no independent cities with fewer than 200,000 inhabitants in the Ruhr area should exist longer. The referendum initiated by Aktion Bürgerwille , in which 71.43 percent of Wattenscheiders spoke out in favor of retaining their independence, failed.

The district of Höntrop gained national fame in January 2000 with the Wattenscheid crater , which suddenly cut off access to several residential buildings on January 2nd and these were directly on the precipice. The S-Bahn traffic had to be reorganized.

politics

District Representation

The Wattenscheid district council has 19 seats. The distribution of seats in the current electoral period (2014-2020) is as follows: SPD 7, CDU 5, Independent Voting Community 3, Alliance 90 / The Greens 2, non-party 1, Other 1. The current district mayor is Manfred Molszich (SPD), the deputy District mayors are Oliver Buschmann (Die Grünen) and Reinhold Hundrieser (CDU).

The Wattenscheid district administration takes care of the district representation and also offers some administrative services. The citizens 'office is now organizationally linked to the residents' office. Karlheinz Kayhs is the head of the Wattenscheid district administration. He is also the secretary of the district council.

The state office of the NPD state association North Rhine-Westphalia , which is now based in Essen, was located in Wattenscheid .

See also: Results of the local elections in Wattenscheid

Lord Mayor

The city faced:

  • from June 15, 1920: City Councilor Paul Ueberhorst ( SPD ) from Eschwege for 12 years,
  • from April 16, 1933: Judge Hans Petri ( NSDAP ) from the Bielefeld Regional Court as State Commissioner
  • Court assessor Hans Petri in Wattenscheid for 12 years,
  • from March 10, 1939 Lord Mayor Otto Leopold Piclum (NSDAP) in Bochum (provisional),
  • from April 4, 1939: Mayor August Düsterloh (NSDAP) from Hattingen (provisional).
  • 1946–1946 Gustav Herrmann (SPD)
  • 1946–1948 Hugo Bungenberg ( CDU )
  • 1948–1949 Kurt Kötzsch (SPD)
  • 1950–1964 Hermann Sievers (SPD)
  • 1964–1968 Georg Schmitz (SPD)
  • 1968–1971 Erwin Topp (SPD)
  • 1971–1974 Herbert Schwirtz (SPD)

coat of arms

The first official coat of arms of Wattenscheid was created on the basis of the seal images that have been in use since 1477 and was awarded to the city of Wattenscheid in 1888. It shows the holy nun Gertrud von Nivelles in silver with an abbot's staff and a golden ship in her hands, which grows above a smaller coat of arms. A golden crown floats in the upper left corner. Mice crawl up the staff and the coat of arms.

Coat of arms from 1937–1974

In 1937 the city of Wattenscheid introduced a new coat of arms. As a result of the prevailing zeitgeist, depictions of saints in sovereign coats of arms were no longer desired. In the new coat of arms there was only the shield. The split shield shows the coats of arms of the earlier territorial lords, "in front" that of the Duchy of Cleves (part of the eight-pointed lily reel) and "behind" that of the county of Mark (chess bars).

With the merger of the cities of Bochum and Wattenscheid on January 1, 1975 Wattenscheid lost the right to use the coat of arms. The Brandenburg chess bar was incorporated into the Bochum city arms , which has been in effect since then .

population

On December 31, 2019, 72,910 people lived in the Wattenscheid district and 22,427 of them were in Wattenscheid-Mitte.

Structural data of the population in Wattenscheid-Mitte:

  • Minor quota: 16.8% [Bochum average: 14.6% (2019)]
  • Old age quota (60 years and older): 26.2% [Bochum average 28.3% (2019)]
  • Proportion of foreigners: 22.8% [Bochum average 14.4% (2019)]
  • Unemployment rate: 15.3% [Bochum average 8.9% (2017)]

The structural data of the other districts of the Wattenscheid district ( Eppendorf , Günnigfeld , Höntrop , Leithe and Westenfeld ) can be found in the respective articles.

Industry and Commerce

Headframe above Shaft IV of the Holland colliery

Like most cities in the Ruhr area, Wattenscheid was shaped by mining for more than a century. The big mines included:

The most famous Wattenscheid entrepreneur was the textile manufacturer Klaus Steilmann .

Sports

Lohrheidestadion

The football club SG Wattenscheid 09 played in the Bundesliga from 1990 to 1994 and most recently in the fourth-class Regionalliga West until the end of the game in 2019 . The SGW's venue is the Lohrheidestadion .

The TV Wattenscheid 01 athletics is one of the most successful German athletics clubs . The most prominent female athlete from Wattenscheid is the two-time heptathlon world champion Sabine Braun , who has since ended her active career. She lives in Wattenscheid-Höntrop.

The gymnasts from TV Wattenscheid have been to the Olympic Games several times.

The chess club SV Wattenscheid played in the national chess league from 1998 to 2014 .

Wattenscheid is also successful in the field of martial arts. The Okinawa-te Wattenscheid under the leadership of Klaus Wiegand has already won over 50 German championships. The men's team of Okinawa-Te was also successful at the German championship in May 2007.

The sports bowlers from SK Wattenscheid were represented with their first team in the Bundesliga for many years. After a few relegations and promotions, they play in the 2. Bundesliga North in the current 2009/10 season. In the last few decades the bowlers from Wattenscheid have also been successful at German championships and have achieved numerous podium places in the men's and senior classes.

Carnival in Wattenscheid

The carnival is an integral part of public life in Wattenscheid in the “fifth season” and every two “even” years it climaxes with the big parade. From Günnigfeld, the carnival procession moves along Günnigfelder Straße from the confluence with Kirchstraße in the direction of Aschenbruch and there to the left into Parkstraße. Since 2012, the train has been going at the end of Parkstrasse via Marienstrasse and Lyrenstrasse to Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse, past the town hall to August-Bebel-Platz and finally on to Hochstrasse and Bochumer Strasse. When you reach the junction of the cross street, the move dissolves.

The Wattenscheider Carnival and Customs Associations have come together in the Festive Committee of the Wattenscheider Carnival (FWK e.V.) and are responsible in particular for organizing the carnival parade and for choosing the prince couple. In contrast to many others, the Wattenscheid prince couple is elected for two sessions. The city ​​prince couple Bodo I. (Neumann) and Alexandra I. (Hegenberg) are the highest representatives in the 2020/21 and 2021/22 sessions at the head of the Wattenscheid Carnival.

The festival committee Wattenscheider Karneval eV started its activities as a registered association on November 11, 1995 and was founded by the following associations:

Karnevalsgesellschaft Blau-Weiß Günnigfeld 1969 (eV), Prinzessinnennclub Wattenscheid, Günnigfelder Karnevalsgesellschaft (GÜ.KA.GE. eV), Hamster Club Höntrop 79, Die last Watermänner, Prinzenclub Wattenscheid, Gäünsereiterclub Sevinghausen 1598 (eV), Gänsereiterclub Höntrop 1598 (eV) . The founding members also included the members of the "old" FWK board that had been in office until then and which did not yet exist in the legal form of a registered association.

Goose riding is also part of the carnival tradition in the districts of Höntrop and Sevinghausen .

Fair in Wattenscheid

In Wattenscheid, a fair is traditionally celebrated twice a year (in spring and autumn): The spring fair is known as Gertrudiskirmes and always takes place around March 17th; the name day of Wattenscheid pastor and patron saint Gertrud.

traffic

railway station

Wattenscheid has a connection to the Ruhrschnellweg, today A 40 (previously A 430, before that B 1). In the immediate vicinity of the highway exit Wattenscheid is located at the Ruhr route Dortmund-Duisburg the station Wattenscheid . Although it only stops in local traffic , its convenient location directly on the motorway makes it an important park-and-ride station in the Rhein-Ruhr transport association . In the Höntrop district there is a stop of the same name on S-Bahn line 1. The above-mentioned train stations are not directly connected to each other; a detour via Essen or Bochum is always necessary. Regular buses (including 365/389) run by BoGeStra run directly and at frequent intervals .

Culture and sights

View from the market square in Wattenscheid

Helfs Hof local history museum

The Helfs Hof local history museum houses an exhibition of agricultural objects from different centuries and a collection on the history of Wattenscheid. It is run by the Wattenscheid Home and Citizens Association and is open every Wednesday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., and on Saturdays and Sundays from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Bartholomew Chapel

The pilgrim chapel of St. Bartholomew on Wattenscheider Hellweg originally belonged to a pilgrim house where pilgrims who hiked via the Hellweg to the Way of St. James and to Santiago de Compostela could stay overnight. It must have been built between 1364 and 1395. It was renovated in 1661 and converted into a drivers' chapel in 1972.

Baptismal font

In the provost church of St. Gertrud von Brabant , the nucleus of the Wattenscheid community, there is a more than 1000 year old baptismal font . It shows the birth, baptism, death and resurrection of Jesus. The provost church stands on top of the fortified church, which is the last remaining remnant of the early city wall.

Church on the Old Market

The small Protestant church on the Alter Markt was completed in 1763. Due to a lack of funds, construction had to be interrupted several times and took a total of 87 years. Nevertheless, the church has two sights to offer, the baroque pulpit altar and the organ prospect.

Mining trail

The hiking trail near Eppendorf

The Wattenscheid mining trail leads through Höntrop and Eppendorf and was completed in 1992 by the local community and citizens' association. It belongs to the route of industrial culture and leads above ground through a charming landscape over a length of 4.8 km along various former sites of the Ruhr mining industry .

IBKK

Europe's largest private school for fine arts and art therapy is also located in Wattenscheid: The Institute for Training in Fine Arts and Art Therapy (IBKK) with around 1000 students. It is located in the Bochum Art Center at Lohrheidestrasse 57.

Art4tel

The art district is an artist community with musicians, authors and visual artists that has been based in Wattenscheid since October 19, 2001.

Personalities from Wattenscheid

The following personalities are closely associated with the city of Wattenscheid:

Born in Wattenscheid

Grew up in Wattenscheid

People who worked in Wattenscheid

Others

  • According to John Pearson's 1973 book James Bond : The Authorized Biography , Ian Fleming's world-famous, fictional secret agent was born on November 11, 1920 in Wattenscheid.
  • As an independent city, Wattenscheid had the WAT vehicle registration mark until January 1st, 1975 . In the course of the license plate liberalization initiated by Federal Transport Minister Peter Ramsauer , the city of Bochum reintroduced the WAT license plate as an alternative distinguishing mark on November 14, 2012. In September 2014 there were already 8500 vehicles with the "new old" license plate. There are currently more than 13,485 vehicles with Wattenscheider license plates on the road (as of March 31, 2018).

See also

literature

  • Franz-Werner Bröker with the assistance of Ralph Eberhard Brachthäuser and Johannes Schnieders: Wattenscheid - on the history of the church and the city: 90 years Propsteikirche and its thousand-year-old baptismal font , Wattenscheid 1995.
  • Christoph Gerz, Kläre Kupitz, André Weinhold, Maria Wilmes: Bells of the Wattenscheid churches and chapels , No. 21 of the series Contributions to the Wattenscheid History of the Wattenscheid Home and Citizens Association, Wattenscheid 1992.
  • Ludger Tewes : Middle Ages in the Ruhr area settlement on the Westphalian Hellweg between Essen and Dortmund (13th to 16th centuries) , Verlag Schoeningh, Paderborn 1997. ISBN 3-506-79152-4 .

Web links

Commons : Wattenscheid  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Press Office of the City of Bochum: Population in District 2 Bochum-Wattenscheid (as of December 31, 2016). In: www.bochum.de. Retrieved March 13, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Rudolf Kötzschke (Ed.): Die Urbare der Abtei Werden ad Ruhr (= Publications of the Society for Rhenish History XX: Rheinische Urbare). Vol. 2: A. The land register from 9. – 13. Century. Edited by Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1908, reprint Düsseldorf 1978, vol. 3: B. Stock books, lifting and interest registers from the 14th to the 17th century, Bonn 1908, reprint Düsseldorf 1978, vol. 4, I: Introduction and register . I. Name register. Edited by Fritz Körholz, Düsseldorf 1978, Vol. 4, II: Introduction, Chapter IV: The economic constitution and administration of the great manor will. Subject index. Edited by Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1958,
  3. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 291 .
  4. ↑ City tip died in a plane crash , January 21, 2011, accessed on March 1, 2017, on derwesten.de.
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 329 .
  6. ^ Sabine Mecking: Citizens will and territorial reform. Democracy development and reorganization of state and society in North Rhine-Westphalia 1965–2000 (Studies on Contemporary History, Vol. 85), Oldenbourg, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-70314-6 .
  7. ^ City of Bochum: election results / distribution of seats of the Bochum-Wattenscheid district council
  8. ^ City of Bochum: Members of the Bochum-Wattenscheid district council
  9. ↑ http://www.territorial.de/westfal/wanne/stadtkrt.htm
  10. ↑ Franz Eberhard Rumpenhorst , GenWiki.
  11. ↑ http://www.lokalkompass.de/wattenscheid/ratgeber/wat-kennzeichen-ab-sofort-verfuegbar-d231430.html
  12. ↑ Tobias Blasius: WAZ - Almost 250,000 cars with old license plates on the way. September 22, 2014, accessed May 15, 2015 .
  13. ^ Road traffic office of the city of Bochum: Vehicle inventory in Bochum - monthly comparison with the previous year. In: bochum.de. March 31, 2018, accessed April 27, 2018 .