Colliery Center (Bochum)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Colliery Center
General information about the mine
Zeche Centrum Bochum-Wattenscheid.jpeg

Administration building of the former Zeche Centrum
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 1861
End of operation 1963
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 28 '51 "  N , 7 ° 9' 40"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 '51 "  N , 7 ° 9' 40"  E
Zeche Centrum (Regional Association Ruhr)
Colliery Center
Location Zeche Centrum
Location Wattenscheid
local community Bochum
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Bochum
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The bill Centrum is a former coal n mine in Bochum district of Wattenscheid .

history

Founding and promotion 1858–1890

In 1858, founded in Wattenscheid a mining law union ver. Emma & Blankenstein with the intention in a small pit field possession east of the city core of Wattenscheid a shaft to sink . In 1859 this union dug a first shaft on a site north of the road from Wattenscheid to Bochum and sunk it using the sink shaft method .

This shaft reached the Hard Coal Mountains in 1860 and was able to cope with the first coal mining for personal use from 1861 . At the same time it became apparent that, on the one hand, the pit area was too small and the financial ceiling of the ver. Emma & Blankenstein union was too thin for the colliery to continue to exist economically.

Therefore, the mine field ownership was increased by purchasing the Schwerin and Feodor mine fields. At the same time, the kuxe of the old union were transferred to a new union with several shareholders. This gave itself the name of the Union Centrum , because it wanted to claim to be the new economic center for Wattenscheid. The new pit field of the colliery was relatively elongated and reached from the eastern border of the former urban area of ​​Wattenscheid to Essen-Leithe to the west .

In 1863, coal mining began on shaft 1 on a broader basis. At the same time, a coking plant for the further processing of extracted coal was put into operation on shaft 1 . On December 23, 1862, the connecting line to the Carolinenglücker Bahn went into operation. This created a rail connection to the Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (CME). In 1869 there was a rail connection to the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (RhE) to the Wattenscheid Rheinisch station and in 1883 to the Wattenscheid - Bochum line of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (BME).

As early as 1865, the annual production of the Zeche Centrum exceeded the mark of 110,000 t, which made the mine one of the larger and more efficient plants at the time. The company was able to repair a water ingress that occurred in 1869 on its own and successfully swamp the mine workings .

In the heyday after the Franco-German War in 1870/1871, it was decided to continue to develop the northern and western parts of the mine field. First of all, the Centrum 2 shaft was sunk in the northern area in 1872 and went into operation in 1875. It was equipped with a Malakow tower as a conveyor. This measure led to a doubling of the colliery's annual funding.

The Zeche Centrum survived the crisis in the Ruhr mining industry that began in 1880 thanks to its efficiency without any subsidy restrictions. Only the expansion plans of the colliery were postponed until further notice.

Expansion 1890-1922

From 1890, the old expansion plans were tackled on a large scale as part of the new upswing in the coal and steel industry. The Centrum 1 shaft was expanded to become the main hoisting shaft. For this purpose, shaft 3 was sunk next to shaft 1 from 1891 to 1893.

In 1892 another coking plant was put into operation on shaft 2 . It was also of the shaft 2 of the apparatus of workings carried out in the west. In 1893, two kilometers west of shaft 2, a barrel-length weather shaft, an air shaft leading downwards at an angle without a conveyor system, was put into operation.

In 1898, the preparatory work for sinking a new, independent double shaft system was started in Essen-Leithe. Shaft 4, which was initially sunk individually, still reached the coal mountains in 1898. It turned out that the coal reserves located in the western field holdings only contained lean coal that was difficult to coke, while the Centrum colliery was itself a fat coal mine with a coking plant . Therefore, the work was initially interrupted for further planning.

In 1899, shaft 1 was also put out of service by a fire, which put the Centrum union in dire financial straits. Finally, the union was bought up by the Rheinische Stahlwerke on January 1, 1900, whereby the economic creditworthiness was restored. Shaft 1 was repaired and given a new headframe . Furthermore, the barrel-length weather shaft to the west of shaft 2 was provided with an inclined conveyor and henceforth managed as shaft 5.

The sinking of the shaft system 4 was resumed and next to shaft 4, shaft 6 was tackled. This facility was split off from the Zeche Centrum along with the pit field and henceforth run as an independent Zeche Centrum 4/6 .

In 1904 the Centrum 1/3 and 2/5 operating areas generated a production of 600,000 t. From 1915 a briquette factory was operated on shaft 1/3 and 2 , as lean coal was increasingly being extracted from the old field area. These were taken out of service one after the other after the end of the First World War .

1922-1963

In the economically difficult time after the First World War, Rheinische Stahlwerke AG decided to permanently part with the lean coal business. The Zeche Centrum 4/6 was sold to Bergbaugesellschaft Adler mbH . In 1924, the Altfeld Centrum was consolidated with the adjacent pit field of the Fröhliche Morgensonne colliery ; however, both mines initially remained separate factory departments. In the long term, however, it was planned to consolidate the funding at center 1/3, which is why the headframe in shaft 3 was increased.

In the context of the tense world economy from 1928 onwards, extensive rationalization was carried out. The operating area Centrum 2/5 was withdrawn from funding. The coking plant shaft 2 was shut down, shaft 2 itself became a weather shaft for plant 1/3. The western field was given up for the time being and the shaft 5 in it was filled in in 1929 .

In 1929 it emerged that shaft 3 could no longer be used for safe mining due to subsidence of the terrain . For this reason, a new shaft 7 was sunk on the 1/3 shaft, which should take over the entire production of the consolidated mine field.

Due to the global economic crisis , the devil work had to be temporarily interrupted in 1931. Furthermore, the remaining coking plant shaft 1/3 was shut down. Due to these delays, shaft 7 did not come into operation until 1934. It was initially equipped with a two-storey headframe with solid wall struts. In 1935 a new modern coking plant was put into operation at Centrum 1/3/7. In 1937, shaft 3, which was no longer needed, was dropped and filled.

The mine survived the Second World War relatively unscathed. However, the coking plant was so worn out due to frequent raising and lowering of the temperature that it was finally shut down in 1945.

In 1951 the Zeche Centrum and the other mines passed from the property of Rheinische Stahlwerke AG to the successor company Arenberg Bergbau-GmbH . This now took place in the years 1954 to 1956, the final connection of the mines Centrum with the bill Merry Acres sun to mine Centrum-morning sun . In order to concentrate the production, shaft Centrum 7 has now been expanded to become the main production shaft. The existing shaft frame was converted into a double-headed conveyor frame by doubling it.

The production from the combined mine fields temporarily almost reached the mark of one million tonnes of fatty coal. Nevertheless, it became apparent that the mine field no longer had any potential for expansion. Furthermore, the coal crisis, which began in full extent from 1958, led to a high number of holiday shifts and a resulting loss of productivity. Therefore, the Arenberg Bergbau-GmbH registered the Centrum-Morgensonne colliery for closure in the first quarter of 1963, as the company wanted to concentrate on the productive mines Prosper and Brassert .

Shutdown

The shutdown was completed on March 31, 1963 and ended a more than 100-year-old piece of mining and economic history in Wattenscheid . Shaft 2 and the shafts of the Fröhliche Morgensonne colliery were filled and the facilities there demolished. The mine field was leased to Friedrich Krupp AG . Shaft 1/7 remained open as a weather and water retention shaft and was attached to the Hannover- Hannibal colliery to the north in order to reduce the remaining stocks. The center shafts were taken over by the Bochum mines and kept in operation until they were finally closed in 1973.

Nowadays only the areas Centrum 1/7 and Centrum 2 are recognizable as former mining sites. The remnants of Center 1/7 are located at the factory settlement on Bochumer Straße around the center square. Some small businesses are housed in the former colliery buildings. The gate and administration building has been completely preserved and is used by the Evangelical Children's and Youth Center (Jugendhilfecentrum). A locomotive shed is used as an assembly hall by an electric motor plant. The Centrumplatz is currently undergoing a fundamental change towards the center of the Wattenscheider Heide. The revitalization and attractiveness is sought through extensive structural changes. The local merchants (Werbering Wattenscheider Heide eV) organize, among other things, summer festivals, Easter promotions, autumn and Christmas events for the citizens. The Centrum 2 site is on Hansastrasse. The colliery wall and the former hoisting machine house, which is now also used by a commercial enterprise, have been preserved.

literature

  • Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche successor Hans Köster KG, Königstein im Taunus 1994, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
  • Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. 3. Edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .

Individual proof

  1. Gerhard Knospe: Works Railways in German Coal Mining and Its Steam Locomotives, Part 1 - Data, facts, sources . 1st edition. Self-published, Heiligenhaus 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819784-0-7 , p. 430 .