Pit Centrum

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The pit center or center or United Center was the most important and by far the most productive coal - mine in Eschweiler Kohlberg nine conveyor and six art shafts.

History of the pit

In 1802 Napoléon Bonaparte enfeoffed the Wältgens family with the entire Kohlberg, the "Grube Centrum" and the " Grube Birkengang ". The director was the engineer Johann Heinrich Graeser . In 1805 it was operated by the Wältgens and Englerth families, and later by the Eschweiler Mining Association ( EBV). Around 1850 it covered about 30% of the total production capacity of the Aachen mining area . Its greatest workforce was reached in 1855 with 1,348 employees, and at that time it was the most important privately owned coal mine in Germany in terms of production rates, workforce and technical equipment. The highest annual production of around 298,000 tons was reached in 1857. In 1860 the pit was given a bathing establishment. In 1865, the mining of just over 180,000 tons of coal. On February 28th, 1891 (other source: 1890) the operation was finally stopped, with which the pump-sticher mining also ended.

The street “Zentrum” is named after the pit on the northern edge of the Eschweiler Stadtwald in pump-stitch. There were several company buildings - workshops and blacksmiths, which were used as a home after renovation work from 1914 to 1924. They were demolished in 1969 and replaced by modern single-family houses. Ten-story high-rises were erected outside the surrounding wall, which was also demolished.

The shafts

Street sign to the Grube Centrum

The nine extraction shafts were called "Altgroßkohl", "Christine", "Durchfahrt", "Friedrich Wilhelm", "Gyr", "Kronprinz", "Luise" and "Wilhelmine", and the six art shafts were "Steam Pump", "Gerhard", "Heinrich", "Herrenkunst", "Neugroßkohl" and "Padtkohl".

The “Wilhelmine” shaft was named after Wilhelmine of Prussia (1774–1837) . It was located on the corner of "Wilhelminenstrasse" and "Am Schlemmerich", named after the shaft in 1902, was 375 m deep and was in operation until 1875.

The "Schlemmerich" shaft, which was first mentioned in 1760 and which produced coal until 1891 and was named after the seam of the same name, which extends to the surface of the earth , is probably identical to one of the "Christine" or "Wilhelmine" shafts. The name is explained with muddy, not hard coal . The naming of the street “Am Schlemmerich” in 1950 goes back to this shaft.

The “Luise” shaft was originally named “Ferdinand”, but was renamed on the occasion of a visit by Princess Luise of Prussia (1838–1923) , Grand Duchess of Baden , to the Eschweiler mines Aue , Ichenberg and Pump on June 10, 1856. The “Weg zum Luisenschacht” in today's Waldschule settlement was renamed “Luisenstrasse” in 1902.

The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. visited Eschweiler and the pump-Sticher industrial areas on November 2, 1833 and June 10, 1839. The "Friedrich Wilhelm" shaft, located in the Eschweiler city forest and in operation until 1873, was named after him. In 1902 "Friedrichstrasse" was named after him and the construction of the parish church of St. Barbara began there.

The cul-de-sac “Im Padtkohl” leads to the former location of the “Padtkohl” shaft, which was closed in 1891. It had a depth of 170 m and opened up the seam of the same name. Most recently, the shaft served as an artificial shaft for draining the “Centrum” pit. The artificial shaft in turn was drained by the “Padtkohlgraben”; it still discharges groundwater today , initially underground and from “Im Hasselt” as an open ditch.

The forest path “Am Gerhardschacht” in the city forest is reminiscent of the “Gerhard” shaft. It is the extension of "Im Padtkohl" and crosses the eastern "Waldstrasse".

In 1857, after ten years of construction, the engine house of the "Heinrich" art shaft was completed with a 1,600 HP and 1,300 HP steam engine with 18 steam boilers. The engineer was Ernst Heinrich von Dechen . The shaft was named after him, as were the three Eschweiler streets “Am Heinrichsschacht”, “Heinrichsallee” and “Heinrichsweg”. The street name “Kunstschacht” goes back to this shaft.

The "Kronprinz" shaft was closed in 1883 together with the " Birkengang Pit ". It was named after Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who also visited Eschweiler on November 2, 1833 on a trip through the Rhine Province .

See also

Web link

Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 11 ″  N , 6 ° 15 ′ 14 ″  E