Leithe (food)

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Leithe coat of arms
Coat of arms of the city of Essen

Leithe
district of Essen

Location of Leithe in the district VII Steele / Kray
Basic data
surface 3.79  km²
Residents 6841 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates 51 ° 27 '57 "  N , 7 ° 5' 48"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 27 '57 "  N , 7 ° 5' 48"  E
height 94  m
Incorporation Aug 1, 1929
Spatial assignment
Post Code 45307
District number 47
district District VII Steele / Kray
image
St. Joseph in Leithe

St. Joseph in Leithe

Source: City of Essen statistics

Leithe is an eastern part of the city of Essen . Leithe borders in the north-west on Essen-Kray , in the east on Bochum-Wattenscheid , in the south-east on Essen-Freisenbruch and in the south-west on Essen-Steele . In contrast, now part of the earlier than Westphalia Leithe designated place to Bochum .

history

Roman times

After the Sugambres were driven out , the Martians still lived in the Leithe area and worshiped the goddess Tanfana , whose sanctuary is believed to be on the Stoppenberg . But the Romans were not happy with the Martians either, as they had taken part in the Varus Battle . In the subsequent campaign of revenge by the Romans under Germanicus in the year 14, the Martians, who, according to Tacitus, paid homage to their goddess Tanfana in an alcoholic state, were destroyed. Presumably survivors of the defeated Martians moved from their settlement area between the Ruhr and Lippe to more distant areas. The present-day towns of Marsberg , Obermarsberg and Volkmarsen and Marsdorf in the area of ​​Cologne outside the previous settlement area are reminiscent of the Martians. Other Martians presumably remained in residence, because the report of the complete annihilation of the enemy by Germanicus at Tacitus does not have to be taken at face value. It was intended for the glory of Germanicus. In fact, the Romans had to withdraw behind the Rhine and did not succeed in subjugating the Germanic tribes on the left bank of the Rhine.

Until the Carolingian conquest, Leithe probably belonged to the Brukterergau , like neighboring Bochum . The law prevailing in the Brukterergau is described below.

At the time of the Carolingians

The Hellweg ran through the Leither area until around 900 . At that time it ran past Oberhof Eickenscheidt through Leithe near the Fünf Höfe . The street Im Helf reminds of this former use. Helf von Hellwegshof for Helfshof is in Bochum today. This Hellwegshof is more than 700 years later, in the list of Essen Landmatrikel of 1668, even as a 22  acre large Kotten mentioned. It still exists today and is used as a local museum. From Sevinghausen we went via Stalleicken in the direction of Dortmund.

The old Hellweg was the route that Charlemagne took to fight the Saxons in 774 . After a new Kaiserpfalz and Haus Horst had been laid out in Vogelsang , you could then take the shorter route via Königssteele and Steele , which these measures had made safer.

Both paths have been used side by side for a long time and are shown on the Güßfeld map from 1776.

Under the Carolingians , Leithe became the mission area of ​​the Archdiocese of Cologne. The residents were forced to adopt the Catholic faith and pay dues to the church. Unwilling threatened death or sale into slavery . A Leither Hof, probably the Schultenhof Herveling , becomes a tribute to the Deutz monastery . 1158 a Dietrich von der Liethen is mentioned as a feudal man of the Deutz monastery. Leithe is mentioned for the first time in 1019. The Knights of Grimberg are named after the Schultenhof zum Alten Grimberg, the buildings of which are now in the Schonnebeck area.

Leithe farmers in the parish of Steele

In 1668 the families Schulte zu Brüningh, Dieterich Strahmann, Wilhelm Tymann, Rudolf Klüfer, Johann Meesenhoel, Henrich Schulte zum Alten Grimberg, Hermann Schulte Dülmann, Schulte Herveling, Effert Rütter, Wittib Reicks, Johann Kohlleppel, Dietherich Köllmanns, Henrich Schäper belonged to the peasantry Leithe , Peter Klumbeck, Johann Schulte-Ising.

The name addition Schulte is striking. It is explained in the web link below.

The largest courtyard was the Isinger Hof , whose area was given as 210 acres. The Isinger Tor in Steele was named after him. At Isinger Tor, where the parking lot at Isinger Tor is now, the Steeler synagogue was inaugurated on September 14, 1883 for the 183 Jews living in the parish of Steele . The Jewish elementary school was also located there .

The history of the Schulte Brüning Hof as a former feudal court of the Deutz Abbey can be traced back to 1327. It was on the western border of the Leithe peasantry.

Leithe borders on the village of Zu den Fünf Höfe consisting of Schaepershof, Köllmannshof, Kohlleppel, Reickshof and the Rommberghof. The Köllmannshof and the Schaepershof are on the 'Im Helf' path near Rodenseelstrasse. The Kohlleppelhof had to be demolished due to mountain damage. Today a Köllmannstraße leads from Krayer Straße to Südpark Kray.

You can get to the Mesenhohl via Ottostraße. The Leither Bach , which used to mark the boundary of the Essen monastery, begins on the Mesenhohl . Today it is not a stream, but a deep, open channel.

The Schulte-Grimberg farm is located further in the direction of Haltern. It is run by the Budde family, who previously ran the Schulte-Ising farm. The Grimbergstrasse reminds of the Schulte-Grimberg farm , the Tiemannsleithe street of the Tymanns Hof and the Brüninghofer Weg street of the Schulte Brüning Hof . The Schulte-Herveling farm bordered on Westfälisch-Leithe, today's Bochum district of Leithe . Today it is managed by the Romberg family.

industrialization

In 1897, shaft IV of the Wattenscheider colliery center was sunk in Leithe . At that time there were still 15 farms in the peasantry. The Wackenberg, Sulzbachtal, Pleskengarten, Tiemansleithe and Volksgartenweg settlements were built as living space for the miners. The Adlerstrasse industrial estate is now located on the area that used to belong to shaft IV of the Zeche Centrum. The Max Siepmann restaurant became the center of Leithe. After the Second World War, Leithe's first pharmacy was opened in the restaurant. Hans Zumbumsch got the operating license on May 15, 1956 and ran the pharmacy in the restaurant until October 1958. Then the Bonifacius pharmacy was opened at Wendelinstrasse 42.

Independence and incorporation

The municipality of Leythe belonged to the mayor's office of Altenessen from 1815 . In 1906 the municipalities of Kray and Leythe formed their own mayor's office . Mayor was Ludwig Kohlen from October 1, 1906 to September 1, 1924 , and Jacob Weber from March 3, 1926 to September 30, 1929 . Kray and Leythe were merged in 1920 to form the enlarged municipality of Kray. As part of Kray, Leythe became part of the city of Essen in 1929 (now with the spelling Leithe ).

coat of arms

Leithe coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver (white) a red diagonal bar covered with three golden (yellow) balls."

The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population.

It is the coat of arms of one of the most important noble families in Essen, that of the Lords of the Leithe.

population

On March 31, 2020, 6,841 people lived in Leithe.

Structural data of the population in Leithe (as of March 31, 2020):

  • Share of the population under 18 years of age: 15.4% (Essen average: 16.2%)
  • Population of at least 65-year-olds: 22.7% (Essen average: 21.5%)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 13.7% (Essen average: 16.9%)

Leithe today

Today there is a settlement with around 4,000 inhabitants on Isinger Feld around Meistersingerstraße. Here is the center of the village with the Julius-Leber-Haus of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt . There is also the studio stage at Korumhöhe and SV Leithe 19/65 on Wendelinstraße as a sports club, which was created in 2005 from the merger of the two previously existing clubs SuS Kray-Leithe and Eintracht Leithe. The Kolping Family is also active in Leithe.

The buildings of the Kohlleppl Hof had to be demolished due to mountain damage . The Schaepershof on Rodenseelstrasse is now managed by the Ridders , who sell directly through a farm shop. Riddershofstrasse, which was not built until after the Second World War , is reminiscent of the former Riddershof in Essen-Kray, which was last named Beckmannshof after its owner and which had to give way to the former Stadtsparkasse Kray . Previously this area was used for the annual fair .

The old Schulte-Herveling estate, first mentioned in 1003, was converted into apartments.

The Schulte Brüning Hof was sold in 1896 by Heinrich Theodor Schulte Brüning (1858–1942) to the manufacturer Wilhelm Munscheid and has been called this since that time. In addition to the Brüninghof, he also acquired the Klüver and Grahmann farms. In 1912 the manor for the construction of the Volksgarten, which was opened on June 22, 1913, became the property of the Kray municipality. The late classicist house built in the years 1850/60 is located today at Munscheidtstrasse 17. The main building is entered in the monuments list of the city of Essen and has been run as a restaurant since 1912.

An industrial area was created on the site of the former Centrum 4/6 colliery on Adlerstrasse.

The northern part of Leithe (settlement on Grimbergstrasse) has a direct connection to the federal motorway 40 , junction 28 (Gelsenkirchen-Süd). Bus routes 144, 146, 147, 170, NE 3 run in the district.

See also

Web links

Commons : Essen-Leithe  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Joseph Wormstall : The Temple of Tanfana. An old Germanic sanctuary in a new light. Münster iW Verlag der Aschendorffschen Buchhandlung 1906

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.derwesten.de/staedte/essen/leithe-ist-uraltes-agrarland-und-ein-echter-stadtteil-von-essen-id10936578.html
  2. ^ Territorial.de: Mayor of Kray
  3. ^ Official Journal of the Düsseldorf Government 1920 p. 45
  4. ↑ See also Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders Wappen der Essener Stadtteile Essen 2009, p. 86
  5. ↑ Population figures of the districts
  6. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
  7. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
  8. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts