Frintrop

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Frintrop coat of arms
Coat of arms of the city of Essen

Frintrop
district of Essen

Location of Frintrop in the district IV Borbeck
Basic data
surface 1.96  km²
Residents 8485 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates 51 ° 28 '50 "  N , 6 ° 54' 22"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 '50 "  N , 6 ° 54' 22"  E
height 76  m
Incorporation Apr 1, 1915
Spatial assignment
Post Code 45357, 45359
District number 18th
district District IV Borbeck
image
View from the north of Essen-Frintrop (2009)

View from the north of Essen-Frintrop (2009)

Source: City of Essen statistics

Frintrop ( Borbecksch Platt : Frentrop ) is the westernmost district of the city of Essen , although it borders on the neighboring cities of Oberhausen and Mülheim an der Ruhr . The Essen district of Dellwig joins in the northeast and the Bedingrade district in the south .

character

Frintrop Market in Unterfrintrop

Frintrop extends over two levels: the so-called Oberfrintrop with the St. Josef Church in the street Himmelpforten, and Unterfrintrop with the Markt- and Leoplatz (until 2008 location of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche). Above and below result from the peripheral location of the place on the southern slope of the Emscher valley . The Schildberg offers a wide view over the valley, whereby, according to the official land register, the geographically highest point between Reckstrasse and Frintroper Strasse is at 87.2  m and the lowest is near the Strasse Schemmannsfeld at 36  m .

Except for a narrow northeastern area with the zip code 45357, the zip code 45359 applies in the entire district of Frintrop, which is the highest in the Essen city area.

In Frintrop, dense residential developments with green and agricultural areas predominate. There are retail stores on the upper Frintroper Straße, in the Straße Himmelpforten and on the lower Höhenweg. The next medium-sized center is in the borbeck-Mitte district . In Unterfrintrop there has been a weekly market on the market square again since 2019, as well as in Oberfrintrop at the St. Josef Church. The somewhat rural and also small-town character of Frintrop has been preserved to the present day. The old trees such as alder , ash , willow , Book and maples lined Barchembach forms part of the western district boundary. To the east, near the city limits of Oberhausen, flows the renatured Läppkes Mühlenbach , which was used as an open sewer until the early 1990s. Here is the Läppkes Hof with the former Läppkes mill. The stream called Heilgraben flows into the Läppkes Mühlenbach on the right-hand side and runs parallel to Wilhelm-Segerath-Strasse for the most part in the south.

In Unterfrintrop on the Schemannsfeld street, near the city limits of Oberhausen, there is a sports facility that is home to the Turnerbund Essen-Frintrop 1903 , which also operates a facility on Werkhausenstrasse.

With 8,447 inhabitants in December 2018, the share of the entire Essen population is 1.43 percent. The population density is 4310 inhabitants per square kilometer, of which 52.4 percent are female. People with exclusively German citizenship make up 84.5 percent of the Frintropian population. There are 4521 private households at this point in time.

traffic

Tram line 105 at the final stop Unterstraße

The Frintroper Straße as part of the federal highway 231 runs from southeast to northwest across Ober- and Unterfrintrop. It connects the district with the Borbeck junction on Aktienstraße on the one hand to the A 40 , and on the other hand to the A 42 and A 516 motorways in neighboring Oberhausen .

In passenger Frintrops plying tram line 105 and the city bus lines 143 and 185 and the overnight express lines NE11 and NE12 of the Ruhr railway , and since 7 January 2018, the bus line SB94 of STOAG . The final stops of tram line 105 are on Unterstraße to the city limits to Oberhausen, which is also the end of line SB94, and on Frintroper Höhe, where there is a track loop. There are plans to continue building line 105 to Oberhausen . Although the Oberhausen citizens surveyed rejected this in the council's decision of March 8, 2015 with 57 percent no-votes, the extension of tram line 105 from Essen-Frintrop to the CentrO in Oberhausen from the cities of Essen and Oberhausen was renewed at the end of November 2015 registered in the public transport requirement plan of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which applies from 2017 to 2030, and included in it. The extension of line 105 has been updated in the current local transport plan (as of 2017). This means that since 2017 it has been possible to establish the tram connection between Essen and Oberhausen in the period up to 2030.

History of the tram

Inauguration of the tram in 1910, on the right the wooden observation tower at the Vosskühler restaurant

Initially, the Borbeck-Mitte - Dellwig - Unterfrintrop route was operated twice a day by a horse-drawn bus operated by van Eupen . On December 21, 1898, the electric tram line 5, operated by the Süddeutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft AG (SEG) founded in 1895 , opened this connection from Unterfrintrop via Unterstraße and on via Dellwig to Borbeck. On January 15, 1900, the city of Oberhausen extended this line from Unterfrintrop to their city.

On November 14, 1910, tram line 4 was opened from Frintroper Höhe via Essen main station to what was then Alfredusbad in Bredeney . In 1911 the track connection from Frintroper Höhe to Unterstraße was built and opened on December 23 of that year. In 1915 a new tram line was set up from Unterfrintrop to Lirich (Oberhausen).

After severe destruction in the Second World War, Frintroper Höhe was re-connected to Essen city center with line 25 on October 8, 1946. From 1949 the connection to Oberhausen also worked again. In 1954 the Süddeutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft changed its name to Essener Verkehrs-AG (EVAG). Since this year there is the new line 5 from Oberhausen via Frintrop, Bedingrade ,iegenbusch, Altendorf and Limbecker Platz to Essen main station. Tram line 25 remained on the route between Frintroper Höhe and Hauptbahnhof as an addition. Line 35 was also used on exactly this route, but continued beyond Essen Central Station to Zeche Ludwig in Rellinghausen . Line 25 was discontinued at the end of the 1960s, line 35 remained unchanged. In return, line 5 now went from Rellinghausen via Essen main station, Altendorf and Bedingrade to Frintrop Unterstraße, and has not continued to Oberhausen since October 7, 1967, when the city of Oberhausen shut down all of its tram traffic in just a few years. The route over the Unterstrasse to Dellwig and further over Borbeck and the Helenenstrasse to the main station ran the line 26 until about 1968. It was shortened at this time, ended in Dellwig and thus no longer served Frintrop. The tracks on the Unterstraße were closed and removed from June 1968. After the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr was founded in 1980 , tram line 5 was given the three-digit number 105 in order to avoid the same name as other cities.

population

On March 31, 2020, 8,485 residents lived in Frintrop.

Structural data of the population in Frintrop (as of March 31, 2020):

  • Share of the population under 18 years of age: 13.9% (Essen average: 16.2%)
  • Share of the population of at least 65-year-olds: 24.2% (Essen average: 21.5%)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 9.7% (Essen average: 16.9%)

history

Until the 19th century

The place Frintrop is first mentioned in the Isenberg Vogteirollen around 1220 as Vrilincdorpe . The name contains the old Low German word friling which means 'free man'. It is known from Old Saxon constitutional texts. Only the special meaning of this "free" is unclear. The context in which this 'free' is to be understood is unknown. Frillendorf (Essen) is exactly the same , around 1220 also Vrilincdorpe , Frentrup in Gladbeck , around 1220 Vrilincdorpe , and Frentrop in Marl , around 1150 Frilingthorpe . Recent research suggests another meaning from Celtic origin than swampy land . Further mentions of Gut Vrynthorp can be found in an Essen feudal protocol from 1360 as well as in the oldest memoir of the Essen canons, written before 1375 .

Until the end of the 19th century, when industrialization in the Ruhr area was already in full swing, Frintrop and the surrounding area were farming land. Most of the farms were scattered in the immediate vicinity of Hellweg , the important trade route that led through Frintrop. These included the Breukelmann peasant families (named after the streets Breukelmannhof and Breukelmannhang), as well as Kauke and Knotte. The Knotte family made the land available for the construction of the parish church of St. Josef, especially since the farmer Wilhelm Knotte was the first chairman of the church building committee at that time and owned large estates in Frintrop. Around Frintrop, for example, there were the farms Frintrop, Ressing, Rotthäuser, Terboven, Halfmann, Hüttmann and Eschenbruch. One of the oldest families in the peasantry Frintrop included not only the farmers Frintrop the family Stöckmann. The Hof to Stocken , as the Stöckmannshof was called back then, comprised 23 acres of fields and four acres of bush and forest 200 years ago  . Numerous descendants of the two families still live in Frintrop and the surrounding area today.

Pilgrimage cross in Oberfrintrop Plague cross in Unterfrintrop
Pilgrimage cross in Oberfrintrop
Plague cross in Unterfrintrop

Huguenots , whose ancestors fled France after St. Bartholomew's Night on August 24, 1572 and settled in Wachtendonk on the Lower Rhine , found work in cloth weaving mills in Frintrop and thus a new economic existence. Families with the typical name Quay are all craftsmen.

In Unterfrintrop, on the corner of Jagdstrasse and Unterstrasse, there is the plague cross , a wayside cross that the residents erected in 1668 as thanks when the plague , which broke out across Europe, spared their region at their pleading.

In Oberfrintrop, on the corner of Heilstrasse (formerly Flurstrasse) and Frintroper Strasse, there has been a wayside cross since the beginning of the 18th century, popularly known as the Lattenkreuzhannes, which serves as a pilgrimage cross, where every year pilgrims meet for a foot procession to Kevelaer . Since 1666 there has been a procession to Kevelaer on the Friday before the Assumption of Mary , but originally from Byfang in the east of Essen. The Frintropic Cross was once a meeting point for pilgrims from Borbeck and Niederwenigern , who moved to Kevelaer between around 1716 and 1856. It once stood on the garden plot of a previous building owned by the Wiebringhaus family. When Heinrich Wiebringhaus built his current office building on this street corner in 1909, the cross owned by the family was integrated into the outer corner wall. The Heilstrasse could have got its name from this cross on August 14, 1896; Salvation is in the cross . On the other hand, it is said that the street was named after a hospital servant who once lived here. The place of the cross has been the fourth blessing station of the Corpus Christi procession since 1877, when the parish of St. Joseph was founded. The cross was last restored in 2014.

Peace Oak

Peace Oak (2016)

At the northwest corner of the confluence of Schloßstraße and Frintroper Straße, the Frintrop Warrior Association, to which veterans from the German Wars of Unification belonged, planted a peace oak in 1872, which was replanted in 1896 for unclear reasons. It fell victim to bombs in World War II in 1944. In 1958 the city administration had a new oak planted that could not withstand a storm. In 1964, the Essen-Frintrop Citizens' Association and Tourist Association planted a fourth peace oak to commemorate the victims of the wars and as a symbol of the warning for peace and freedom. On July 29, 1997, the area redesigned by the Essen-Frintrop Citizens' Association and Tourist Association was ceremoniously handed over to the population around the Peace Oak, supplemented by an engraved boulder . Since July 5, 2010, the square has officially been named Zur Friedenseiche .

Affiliations

In the Middle Ages, the farms, which are known together as the Frintrop peasantry around 1400, were subject to tax as so-called Unterhöfe in the Oberhof Borbeck, mostly in kind. After the women's monastery in Essen was founded by the Bishop of Hildesheim Altfrid in 852 , the Essen abbess was legally assigned the Oberhof Borbeck by Archbishop Gunthar of Cologne in 860 . In 1288 the Oberhof became the property of the women's monastery, so that the abbess as such received the spiritual and, raised as imperial duchess, also the secular saga about Borbeck and thus also Frintrop. In the course of secularization , the monastery was dissolved in 1803, so that the territory first came to Prussia .

In 1808 Frintrop went to the newly established Rhine department of the French satellite state Grand Duchy of Berg . After the reorganization of Europe by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Frintrop came to the now Prussian mayor's office Borbeck , which then belonged to the Essen district founded on April 23, 1816 . After its dissolution in 1823, Frintrop belonged to the Duisburg district as part of the mayor's office until 1859 , then from 1859 to the newly established Essen district. In 1912 there was a referendum on the incorporation issue of Frintrop, the then so called Battle of Frintrop . On March 1, 1912, the Essener Volkszeitung wrote :

“Vivat Assindia! There is still a vote today. Frintropers, use this day too to help reveal the truth that the majority of frintropers are for food! Up until this afternoon, 1305 votes were cast for Essen and 499 for Oberhausen. "

After around seven years of negotiations, the incorporation contracts were signed in March 1914. Finally, a part of Frintrop was incorporated together with the Borbeck mayor on April 1, 1915 to form the independent city of Essen, whereby Frintrop had to cede more than half of its area, namely 272 hectares with around 5000 inhabitants, to the city of Oberhausen . Today Frintrop is part of Borbeck District IV within Essen .

Since the 19th century / industrialization

However, the so-called Frintropic Water Tower is in a certain condition .

The striking point of Frintrop is the water tower , which was completed in 1897 and has been a listed building since 1995 , but is located in the neighboring district of Bedingrade .

Churches

In Oberfrintrop, construction of the St. Joseph Church began in the open field in 1874 , the first phase of which was completed in 1877. A three-aisled neo-Gothic hall church with ribbed vaults on round pillars was built, the consecration of which took place in September 1897 after structural expansion. It has been a listed building since 1994. The name of the church goes back to the Borbeck pastor Josef Legrand , who campaigned for the construction of the church. At the end of the 19th century, church construction in Oberfrintrop encouraged building activity, with some representative residential and commercial buildings being built adjacent to and on Frintroper Strasse. Among other things, the first pharmacy in Frintrop was opened in 1895 with the Adler pharmacy. It was located on the corner of Höhenweg / Frintroper Strasse (then called the corner of Turmstrasse / Oberhausener Strasse).

In 1893 the construction of the Protestant Gnadenkirche on the Schildberg began, which received the west tower and the aisle as an extension in the 1920s. After severe war damage, the Gnadenkirche was consecrated again in 1948. It has been a listed building since 1994. Located on the north side of the Pfarrstraße, which belongs to the municipality Dellwig-Frintrop-Gerschede church is already in the field Dellwigs . In Frintrop, Protestant services are also held in the community center on the Kattendahlhang, which was consecrated on June 11, 1961.

The Leo-Kirchbau-Verein was founded shortly before the death of Pope Leo XIII. founded and helped to build the emergency church Herz-Jesu. On May 31, 1908, the foundation stone for this emergency church was laid in Unterfrintrop, which was consecrated on October 4, 1908. This represented the predecessor of the Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche, which was built in 1952/1953. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on July 1, 1952 at the site of the emergency church. The first service followed on December 8, 1953. In 1978 the church was renovated and the interior was redesigned. As part of the liquidation of the Catholic Church, the last service was celebrated on September 13, 2008 and the building was then demolished as the first church in the city of Essen for this reason. The five bronze bells came to the church of St. Michael in Duisburg - Meiderich , the tower cross and the weathercock are today in front of the Pope Leo House.

In Unterfrintrop on Jagdstrasse there is a building of the New Apostolic Congregation that was opened in 1977 .

  • St. Joseph Church around 1900 still in the open

  • St. Joseph Church 2014

  • Evangelical Church of Grace in the Dellwig-Frintrop-Gerschede community

  • Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche (demolished in 2008)

  • Rooster and tower cross of the Sacred Heart Church

Postal services

On February 16, 1881, the Frintrop school community officially applied for the establishment of a postal agency. This was set up on May 1, 1884 in the house of today's village inn and on October 1, 1891 elevated to Imperial Post Office III. The office moved into the existing old building of the Frintrop I girls' school from 1874 on Frintroper Höhe. The girls' school received a new building. With the incorporation of Frintrop into the city of Essen in 1915, the Frintrop post office began to become independent, as it was previously part of the Oberhausen district. On December 1, 1941, Frintrop became a branch of the Borbeck post office. In April 1945 the postal service was temporarily stopped due to the chaos of the war. The post office building at the Frintroper Höhe school location was badly damaged, so that rooms in the Erb restaurant (today Alt-Frintrop) were used. From 1949 to 1963 the post office was located in the main building on Schloßstraße. In 1952 a post office was added on Höhenweg 77. In 1963 a building was erected on the corner of Oberhauser- and Frintroper Strasse, which served the post office and a police station. A year later, the post office moved to an official building on Höhenweg. The last location of the Frintrop post office at Frintroper Straße 403 was closed in 2007 and the postal services were integrated into the local retail trade.

railroad

right: marshalling yard, left: Heinrich Große Bremer's restaurant (Unterfrintrop)

On December 1, 1872, Frintrop was connected to the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft with the route from Heißen via Borbeck to Frintrop, initially for goods traffic. The Frintrop passenger station was opened there on July 1, 1879 and closed again in 1946. The Cologne-Minden railway line of the company of the same name, which had been founded in 1843, had already been put into operation on May 15, 1847, running in parallel. Both routes were important freight routes for the transport of coal and steel at the time of industrialization. After construction began in November 1883, the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn opened a marshalling and collection station on October 1, 1885 , which developed in the Frintrop-Dellwig area as far as Oberhausen into the largest freight shunting yard in Europe at that time. It was one of the most important junction stations for goods traffic in the Ruhr area and had a depot with three turntables and a roundhouse . In 1907 the railway bridge was built between Dellwiger Strasse and Ripshorster Strasse over the collecting station.

1912 built the railway authorities as the owner on the corner upper and Dellwiger Street (now the nursing home Pope Leo House is located at this point) a single home adjacent to a building that the vernacular night called and many small individual chambers were in the. In the basement of this building there was a bathing section with a shower and bath tub, which could also be used by the citizens for a fee of 20 pfennigs per 30 minutes of bathing time. Only railway workers who came to the marshalling yard by freight trains and did not continue until the next day were allowed to sleep here. Many railway workers lived in Frintrop and the surrounding area. Corresponding living space was created in the immediate vicinity of the Cologne-Minden route. In Unterfrintrop, especially around the marshalling yard, there were many restaurants for the railway employees as well as for the numerous iron and mine workers who only lived here as single people.

With the closure of the Phoenixhütte in 1926, the collection station also closed, which was finally shut down on October 5, 1930 and its tasks were relocated to the newly built Osterfeld Süd marshalling yard.

On October 10, 1896, a weekly market took place on the market square in Unterfrintrop for the first time. Around 1900 the Emscher overflowed its banks so much that large parts of the infrastructure in Unterfrintrop were paralyzed.

In 2007, the wasteland of the Frintrop marshalling yard became the Gleispark Frintrop landscape park with bike and hiking trails.

Kattendahl mining shaft

The Kattendahl mining shaft existed from 1903 to 1931 where there is now a green space with a playground at Oberhauser Straße / confluence with Kattendahl Street . It belonged to the Koenigsberg colliery, which in turn belonged to the Oberhausen colliery in Oberhausen, and served as a weather shaft and as an entrance for the miners . The sinking of the shaft with a diameter of 4.5 meters began in 1903. 1904 (at a depth of 150 m m 74 below the sea level ), the first sole attached. In March 1931, the Gutehoffnungshütte , to which the Oberhausen colliery belonged, closed the Kattendahl mine. In 1932 the surface facilities were dismantled, the shaft finally filled in 1959 and sealed with a round concrete slab. Today this is the only recognizable mining relict in Frintrop. After regular controls, the area was officially released from the mountain inspection on January 21, 1966 and the current green area was subsequently created. Due to the emerging industry, many job seekers moved to Frintrop at the time. Many craftsmen, some from East Prussia and Silesia , but also from all of the rest of Germany and also from Austria and Italy , settled here and started their own businesses. The first independent craft firms are mentioned in the 1905 address book. After the First World War there was another influx from the rural areas, because the industry needed more and more workers. There were two construction businesses (in the second generation), Johann Katemann and Sebastian Mengel, who created living space for the people who moved there. Long-established farming families became wealthy through the sale of building land, as the sales proceeds brought in many times what one otherwise had to earn through hard work.

time of the nationalsocialism

High bunker, Richtstraße

The memorial stone to the west of St. Josef Church, which is still in place today, is an unprocessed boulder donated to the Frintrop Warrior Association by Max von Fürstenberg and inaugurated on October 8, 1933. The original plaque at that time had the text: We died for our homeland. World War 1914–1918. A bronze eagle with open wings and a swastika sat on top of the stone. For the inauguration on the 52nd foundation festival of the warrior association, the flight squadron leader Gerstemeier drew a few ribbons of honor over the fairground and threw flowers, which Colonel Witte placed at the memorial. 1000 carrier pigeons flew high. The celebration ended with a triple 'Siegheil' on the Führer of the Reich, the song of the Germans and the Horst Wessel song .

During the National Socialist era , Frintrop was part of the NSDAP local group Dellwig-Frintrop, one of a total of 27 local groups in Essen. In World War II Frintrop was in 1940 bombed from the air. In the Richtstraße in Unterfrintrop there is still a high-rise bunker from the early 1940s, which has since been converted for residential purposes. The Frintroper Höhe school on the site of today's Altfriedschule was the first building to be badly hit in November 1940. Before that, some public buildings were given shelters and flak positions were set up.

During the war, on the night of November 17 to 18, 1939, the figure of Christ was torn from the pilgrimage cross in Oberfrintrop and destroyed in front of the St. Joseph Church. As a result, a new wood-carved body was donated by a Frintropian citizen and consecrated on February 18, 1940 by Pastor Wilhelm Segerath. On April 26, 1943, the Gnadenkirche was bombed, covering the roof and destroying the organ. The St. Joseph Church was also badly damaged around Easter 1943. As a result, Frintrop received more bomb hits and destruction from plane crashes. Schools and the sister house of the Sacred Heart of Jesus were also hit, and people were repeatedly killed.

After the war until today

Memorial cross in lower frintop
Memorial stone at the St. Josef Church in Oberfrintrop

On September 13, 1949, the Metropol-Theater opened on Frintroper Markt with 563 seats and existed until 1970. The color film Die Fledermaus , a film adaptation of the operetta of the same name by Johann Strauss , was shown at the premiere . There were also theater performances and concerts. In the same year, a transformer station was built on the market square against public protests , which remained for decades. On May 3, 1967, the marketplace was officially named Frintroper Markt .

As early as 1927, the sculptor Joseph Enseling erected a memorial in honor of the fallen on the market square. It consisted of two stone steles. On the right was the sentence We dedicate this memorial to the heroes von Frintrop and Dellwig 1914–1918, who fell believing in Germany's greatness, and a figure above it. The left stele bore the names of the Frintropians who died in the First World War. The memorial was destroyed in the bombing raid on December 31, 1944. The organization of the memorial services for the day of national mourning began in 1952 by the Essen-Frintrop Citizens and Tourist Association together with local associations, initially in Oberfrintrop on the memorial stone west of St. Josef Church. Since there was now no memorial in Unterfrintrop, associations donated a memorial cross on Leoplatz in 1955, which the local master carpenter Johann Arzt erected from oak with a bronze commemorative plaque on a base made of Ruhr sandstone . The board read: Our fallen and dead from both world wars 1914/18 a. 1939/45. The memorial cross was ceremoniously presented to the city of Essen on July 31, 1955, with Mayor Hans Toussaint being represented by Mayor Paul Jaeger. From 1975 the commemorations were organized by the Social Association Germany and from 1980 annually in alternation with the Social Association VdK Germany . Renovations of the wooden cross took place in 1979 and 1990. It was given a weatherproof coating and a copper cover. Due to austerity measures by the city of Essen, the previous lease agreement with the parish Herz Jesu was terminated on July 31, 1994, so that the church was responsible for the maintenance of the property. Since the weathering of the wooden cross could no longer be stopped, a decision was made in 1999 to redesign the memorial. Since the decision was made to use a material from domestic production, support came from Aluminum Essen GmbH , today's Trimet Aluminum . At their suggestion, an aluminum cross weighing 900 kilograms and almost five meters high was created from an oval bar as a solid body, to which the foundation had to be reinforced. The cross was shown for the first time on September 9, 1999 on the site of the Alu hut. The installation at Leoplatz took place on November 9th of the year, the inauguration as part of the memorial service for the memorial day followed on November 17th by the Protestant parish Gnadenkirche and the Catholic parish Herz Jesu. On the adjacent plaque are now the words: Respect life. In memory of the dead of the two world wars and the tyranny . After the Herz-Jesu-Kirche was closed and laid down in 2008 by resolution of the Ruhr diocese, the memorial had to be dismantled on October 30, 2008, cleaned at the Alu-Hütte Trimet and moved to its current location on November 11th of that year Leoplatz across from house number four.

In the years 1950 to 1970, several settlements, planned according to modern standards, were built on the still numerous areas previously used for agriculture. The number of residents increased steadily, as did the land prices. The main developers here were the companies Krupp , the housing company Dümpten GmbH (later Thyssen Bauen und Wohnen) and Allbau . The appearance of the town has also been permanently changed by private developers. In the 1970s, new building plans were drawn up for the district. Students from the comprehensive university in Essen also wrote their theses about it. The planned, extensive demolition of old, preserved buildings was largely not implemented. But the new buildings that replaced one or the other old building also changed the appearance of the town significantly.

On May 1, 1985, the pilgrimage cross in Oberfrintrop was violently damaged again and consecrated a month later.

On April 14, 1989, the first groundbreaking ceremony for the renovation and the calming of traffic on adjacent streets took place at the Unterfrintrop market square in the presence of the then Lord Mayor Peter Reuschenbach . It was inaugurated on September 6th of that year.

In 2005 the Catholic parishes of St. Joseph and the Sacred Heart of Jesus took part in the social campaigns in the parishes on the occasion of the XX. On World Youth Day, a 4.5 meter high and 300 kilogram heavy cross made of steel double T-beams . It was set up with an explanatory board on the meadow near the Frintropic Peace Oak.

On April 8, 2016, the grocer Plassman, who started a feed store in Frintrop on February 1, 1909, closed. In order to establish a new food supply in Oberfrintrop, the demolition work of the residential and commercial buildings at Frintroper Strasse 414 to 426 began in June 2015. Since the spring of 2017, new buildings for two grocery stores with parking spaces and a three-story office and commercial building have been built on the vacated site. The discounter Aldi-Nord was the first to open in December 2017. Rewe followed a month later and the commercial building followed a little later.

Stumbling block for Heinrich Imbusch

For the union leader Heinrich Imbusch , who moved to Frintrop with his family in 1881, a stumbling block was laid in front of his house at Höhenweg 30 on May 23, 2018 . He recalls that after the trade unions were banned in May 1933, he and his family fled Germany because of the persecution. After several stops, he was finally expelled from Belgium and hidden by friends in Essen. In January 1945 he died of pneumonia.

On November 13, 2018, the new building of the Papst-Leo-Haus retirement home opened on Unterstrasse, costing 14.6 million euros. The official inauguration took place on February 7, 2019 by Lord Mayor Thomas Kufen . During its three-year construction period, the residents were housed in a facility in Vogelheim . The nuns of the Poor Maidservants of Jesus Christ laid the foundation stone for the first Pope Leo House in 1930. Another new building for senior citizens' apartments is planned on the market square in Unterfrintrop, in the place of which the building of a Netto discount store, which was closed on March 17 of that year, was demolished in December 2018 . Since then there has been no food supply in Unterfrintrop.

coat of arms

Frintrop coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver (white), around three green linden leaves (for village linden) in the middle of the shield are grouped red houses with black half-timbering and open round windows."

The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population. Meaning: Frintrop comes from "Vrilincdorpe" - "Village of the Free", another interpretation comes from the Celtic language and describes a "village in the swampy country". The coat of arms is a so-called " talking coat of arms "; it represents a village complex (houses) around a village linden tree (linden leaves).

Street names

Because of the loose development, it was not customary to put name tags at the beginning and end of a street. This function was fulfilled by the house number plates which, in addition to the house number, recorded the street name in small letters. Those unfamiliar with the area also found such remote buildings. Given the small size of the signs, short names were practical - so the Borbeck mayor Rudolf Heinrich (1881–1907) invented short forms such as Rollstraße, Pollstraße or Zollstraße around 1890. Glockenstrasse was formerly called Glückstrasse.

The Höhenweg connects Oberfrintrop with Unterfrintrop. Frintroper Strasse was laid out as Essener Chaussee in 1791 and renamed to Essener Strasse on April 30, 1891 and finally to Frintroper Strasse on July 9, 1915, after being incorporated into the city of Essen . From this branched off to the south from April 30, 1891, so-called Hermannstrasse , which has been called Himmelpforten since July 9, 1915 . It was named after Hermann Knotte, who together with his brother Wilhelm donated the site for the construction of the St. Joseph Church. Hermann had the inn built on the corner of Frintroper Strasse and Hermannstrasse in 1893, which today houses the Alt-Frintrop restaurant . The parish church of St. Josef helped to get the street name Himmelpforten today . It connects Frintroper Strasse with Oberhauser Strasse, which was called Kahrstrasse until 1915 and leads directly to the neighboring town of Oberhausen.

schools

With the Frintroper Höhe school (formerly Frintrop I), the Stifter (formerly Frintrop II) and the Neerfeldschule (formerly Frintrop III) there were once three schools in Frintrop.

In addition, from 1884 there was the first Protestant school on the corner of Laaksweg and Frintroper Straße, called on Mennekesberg . It was replaced in 1895 by the Protestant elementary school on Höhenweg (then Turmstrasse) opposite the Klaumberghang confluence. This was closed for the school year 1939/40 and rebuilt in 1940 and provided with a shatterproof and glass-proof shelter. On December 12, 1944, the building of the former school was finally destroyed by bombs, killing three people. It was not rebuilt.

Altfried School

Altfried School

The only school in Frintrop today is the Catholic Altfried Elementary School (formerly Frintrop I School) in Oberfrintrop on Frintroper Strasse, built in 1960 and owned by the city of Essen. The two-storey building and gym stand on a 7450 square meter plot of land. The city council decided on November 28, 2018 to expand the school.

A Catholic school was opened on Frintroper Höhe in 1845 as a replacement for a previous school on Jagdstrasse that was closed in 1843. In 1875 this building became a girls' school. In the same year a new house was added as a pure boys' school on the site of today's Altfried School. Boys and girls 'school opened on June 10, 1865 and were jointly named Frintrop I. In 1891, the Catholic girls' school was given a new building, which opened on November 7th of that year. The Imperial Post Office III moved into the existing old building from 1875 that year. In October 1927 a new gymnasium was opened near Reckstrasse.

The originally denominational school was named Frintroper Höhe in the school year 1939/40 as a community school . During the Second World War it was badly damaged by bombs on the night of November 9, 1940, so that classes could only be resumed in two rooms after five days. In 1941, some school rooms had to be cleared to accommodate soldiers. In March 1942, bombed out people from the surrounding area find shelter in the school. On the night of June 23, 1943, it was completely destroyed by Allied air raids.

As the 49th new school building in Essen after the Second World War, the Altfriedschule was opened on October 28, 1960 and replaced the Catholic elementary school Frintrop I, which was destroyed during the war.

Former donor school

Former donor school

The two-and-a-half-story brick building of the Catholic school Frintrop II was erected on Unterstraße opposite the confluence with Baustraße and has been a listed building since 1987. The financial means for the construction of the school were approved in the municipal council meeting on March 23, 1868. On November 3, 1875, it was opened as the Frintrop II School. In 1918, Hermann Hagedorn, later known as a local poet, became rector and, due to his hearing loss, resigned from school in May 1943 at his own request.

In 1938, the former denominational school was renamed the Stifterschule as a community school . The building is used today by the Frintrop local association of the Essen workers' welfare organization and the Frintrop Center (FriZ) of the Essen youth welfare service.

Former Neerfeld School / Richthofenschule / Walter Pleitgen School

Walter Pleitgen School (2019)
Memorial plaque at the Walter Pleitgen School

The Neerfeldschule built in 1904 in Unterfrintrop on the street Im Neerfeld / corner of Frintroper Straße (then Nierstraße / corner of Oberhausener Straße), originally Catholic elementary school III and called Richthofenschule at the time of National Socialism , was called Walter-Pleitgen-Schule since August 19, 1968; named after a professor and rector of the Kettwig Pedagogical Academy . It opened as the third Frintropic school and had eight rooms for four boys 'and four girls' classes each. The construction of this third school in Frintrop became necessary due to the large influx of workers for the expanded Gutehoffnungshütte and the collieries in nearby Oberhausen. And yet there were an average of 66 children per class in Frintrop in 1906. So around 1912 a makeshift wooden barrack with several classrooms was built in the schoolyard. In 1926 the school organized the first Frintrop St. Martin's procession under the rector Johannes Pesch.

For the school year 1939/40, the denominational schools were converted into community schools, with the Neerfeld School being named Richthofenschule; named after the officer and fighter pilot in the First World War Manfred von Richthofen (nickname: The Red Baron ). During the Second World War, in March 1940, the school's air raid shelter, which was started at the end of 1939, became available. With 245 cubic meters of space, 123 school children could find refuge here, as two cubic meters of air should be available for each child. In 1940 the first air raids began on the Essen and neighboring Oberhausen urban areas, whereby the school was spared. The school building was cleared on April 17, 1943 at the instigation of the city administration and workers from Friedrich Krupp AG were housed there. Due to the deteriorating situation and the increase in air raids with relatives, many children have left the city whenever possible. On the night of June 15, 1943, the school building was badly damaged in a bomb attack.

After the war, on August 9, 1945, school operations were resumed with the approval of the military government. The partially damaged building was initially only usable in parts. When it was renamed in 1968, the school became Protestant and a year later it became a community elementary school. After primary school operations were closed in the summer of 2013, the building was used as temporary refugee accommodation between October 2013 and 2016. It has been empty since then.

Labor education camp Neerfeldschule

After the Dechenschule used as a labor education camp in Altendorf was destroyed by bombs on October 23, 1944, around 200 surviving prisoners (out of 400) came to the Neerfeld School, which then served as a special camp for prisoners of war, forced labor and hostages until April 1945. This camp, like that of the Dechenschule, belonged to the indictment complex against Krupp. Most of the prisoners came from western areas occupied by German troops. From the perspective of the National Socialists, these people, including mayors, administrative officials and pastors, had committed misconduct. The inmates were insufficiently fed and treated with brutal methods by the Gestapo , who ran the camp. The population was forbidden to provide help to the prisoners.

Inns

Alt-Frintrop restaurant , house built in 1893 by Hermann Knotte

In Oberfrintrop, on the corner of Turmstrasse, which is now called Höhenweg, there was a 31-meter-high wooden observation tower by Wilhelm Vosskühler at the Frintroper Höh hotel and restaurant from 1891 until it was demolished in 1917 . The tower offered a view of Oberhausen, Osterfeld and Bottrop , over the western Emschertal . In the economy, the Turnerbund Essen-Frintrop was founded in 1903 . The inn existed at this point until the 1990s, but in a newer building built in 1972. There were some garden taverns in Frintrop where music bands played for dancing on Sundays. The inn on the corner of Frintroper Strasse and Hermannstrasse (today Himmelpforten) with the current name Alt-Frintrop initially housed the Vieselmann tavern , in which young men founded the Tambourkorps in 1908, which resulted in the Gut Freund marching band on New Year's Eve 1922 , which is still active today and thus the oldest marching band in Essen. In the Toni Müller garden restaurant, at the corner of Höhenweg and Neerfeldstraße, there was a pond that was ideal for boating in summer and ice-skating in winter. A band played music. Some long-established inns still exist today. The parent company, which looks back on a centuries-old tradition (back to the time of the Thirty Years' War 1618–1648 ), the Püttmann house (no longer in family ownership since August 2008 and since then under the name Dorfwirtschaft), the Wienert restaurant on Unterstraße / corner Höhenweg and the Stöckmann`s Restaurant, (since 1885) on Oberhauser Straße. There are other restaurants on site that have existed for a long time, but have seen frequent changes of tenants or owners.

literature

  • Parish of Sankt Josef (Essen-Frintrop): Our parish leader: Greetings from Parish of St. Joseph, Essen-Frintrop. Society f. Buchdruckerei u. Verlag, Düsseldorf 1940–1941, magazine. DNB 367911132 .
  • Theodor Güldenberg (ed.): Herz-Jesu, Essen-Frintrop. Libertas-Verlag Baum, Wiesbaden 1968, DNB 456972285 .
  • Catholic parish of Sankt Josef, Frintrop: 100 years in and around St. Josef Essen-Frintrop 1877–1977. Essen 1977, DNB 891002022 .
  • Catholic parish of Sankt Josef, Frintrop: 125 years of St. Josef Essen-Frintrop. Essen 2002.
  • Wulf Mämel, Kai Süselbeck (ed.): Faces of a city. Klartext Verlag , Essen 2004, ISBN 3-89861-313-5 .
  • Frank Radzicki: The postal system in Frintrop - almost as old as our parish. In: Katholische Pfarrgemeinde St. Josef: Parish letter . 2/2007, issue No. 63, Essen-Frintrop 2007.

See also

Web links

Commons : Essen-Frintrop  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City of Essen: Profile report of the population Frintrops 2018 ; accessed on March 5, 2019
  2. ^ Ruhrbahn
  3. ↑ DerWesten.de of March 8, 2015: Oberhausen residents reject new tram 105 to Essen ; accessed on December 19, 2018
  4. ↑ New local transport plan from 2017
  5. ↑ Marcel Sroka: Line 105: Second attempt for the expansion; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung from December 15, 2015
  6. ↑ a b c Hugo Rieth: Essen in old views, Volume 1 . 3. Edition. Zaltbommel, Netherlands 1978.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Frintrop-Bedingrader culture and history trail
  8. ↑ Verkehrshistorische Arbeitsgemeinschaft EVAG eV: Line routing of the trams (as of May 31, 1970) ; accessed on March 15, 2019
  9. ↑ Population figures of the districts
  10. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
  11. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
  12. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
  13. ↑ Paul Derks: The settlement names of the city of Essen. Linguistic and historical research; in: Contributions to the history of the city and monastery of Essen, Volume 100 . Ed .: City of Essen - Historical association for the city and monastery of Essen. Essen 1985, p. 130-133 .
  14. ^ A b c Erwin Dickhoff: Essen streets . Ed .: City of Essen - Historical Association for City and Monastery of Essen. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8375-1231-1 .
  15. ↑ Commemorative plaque of the citizens and traffic association Essen-Frintrop 1922 e. V.
  16. ^ Citizens and Tourist Association Essen-Frintrop: History of Frintrops and Bedingrades ; accessed on March 28, 2019
  17. ^ Lutz Niethammer: Complicated explanation of the mental disturbance of a municipal master builder in Prussia's largest industrial village or the inability to develop the city. Publishing house Syndikat, Frankfurt am Main 1979.
  18. ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen ; accessed on March 12, 2019
  19. ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen ; accessed on December 19, 2018
  20. ↑ Homepage of the community Dellwig-Frintrop-Gerschede ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gemeindedfg.de
  21. ↑ Gnadenkirche - excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen; accessed on March 26, 2019
  22. ↑ a b DerWesten.de of 7 January 2008 and 14 September 2008 - After 100 years is approaching farewell / goodbye forever 100 years Sacred Heart ; last accessed on July 6, 2015; offline
  23. ^ Fritz Pamp: The Oberhausen colliery. In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 12, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen, September 2009, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
  24. ↑ Fr. Frölich: The Gutehoffnungshütte Oberhausen. Second book, The works of the Gutehoffnungshütte according to the status of 1910. In memory of the 100th anniversary 1810–1910
  25. ↑ Essener People's Newspaper, October 9, 1933
  26. ↑ Historical Association Essen / City Archives
  27. ↑ New Mahnkreuz on Leoplatz ; In: Borbecker Nachrichten of September 9, 1999
  28. ^ A memorial cross made of aluminum was set up in Frintrop ; In: Borbeck Kurier of November 10, 1999
  29. ^ Citizens and Transport Association Essen-Frintrop 1922 eV: Chronicle of the Frintrop memorial cross from 1927 to 2009
  30. ↑ a b c d e Citizens and Tourist Association Essen-Frintrop: History of Frintrops and Bedingrades ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  31. ↑ The wait for construction to start in the Frintrop Center is over. Retrieved August 29, 2018 .
  32. ^ Nikolaus-Groß-GmbH, Pope Leo House ; accessed on December 19, 2018
  33. ↑ See: Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweder's coat of arms of the Essen districts. Essen 2009, p. 74.
  34. ↑ a b c Chronicle of the Richthofenschule in Essen-Frintrop (1939/40) ; accessed on March 11, 2019
  35. ↑ On the school history, cf. Wolfgang Sykorra: Borbeck half- length . A school project of the European Capital of Culture Ruhr.2010, Essen 2011, p. 26 ff.
  36. ^ City of Essen: Primary school expansion at Frintroper Str. 432a ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  37. ↑ a b Chronicle of the Richthofenschule in Essen-Frintrop (1940/41) ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  38. ↑ a b c Chronicle of the Richthofenschule in Essen-Frintrop (1942/43) ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  39. ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen, Stifterschule ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  40. ^ Chronicle of the Richthofenschule in Essen-Frintrop (1945/46) ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  41. ^ Historical Association for the City and Monastery of Essen: Forced Labor in Essen ; accessed on March 7, 2019
  42. ↑ Inge Marßolek, Till Schelz-Brandenburg (ed.): Social democracy and socialist theory. Festschrift for Hans-Josef Steinberg on his 60th birthday . Edition Temmen, Bremen 1995, pp. 211-225, ISBN 3-86108-279-9
  43. ↑ Norbert Ahmann: Spielmannszug "Gut Freund" Frintrop celebrates 110 years; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of August 29, 2018