Oberhausen colliery

Oberhausen colliery
General information about the mine
Gatehouses of the former Oberhausen colliery
Funding / year	Max. 709,000 t
Information about the mining company
Employees	up to 2381
Start of operation	1859
End of operation	1931
Successor use	Commercial space
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 28 ′ 56 "  N , 6 ° 53 ′ 6"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 56 "  N , 6 ° 53 ′ 6"  E
Location of the Oberhausen colliery
Location	Oberhausen
local community	Oberhausen
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	Oberhausen
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The Knappenhalde is the overburden dump of the Oberhausen colliery.

The Oberhausen colliery was a hard coal mine in Oberhausen and the oldest mine in the Oberhausen mine field . The mine was founded by Franz Haniel and was the first smelting works in the Ruhr area, which belonged to the Oberhausen mining area. The name of the colliery was derived from the town of Oberhausen, in which the mine was located. The mine director Kocks and the mine manager Stiepel did a great job opening up the mine fields and expanding the colliery . The mine was in continuous operation for over 70 years.

Pit field and geology

The consolidated Oberhausen field covers an area of ​​83.8 km ² and consists of the Oberhausen and Neu-Oberhausen fields. The Oberhausen field is located in the area of ​​the localities Bottrop, Borbeck, Buschhausen, Hiesfeld, Holten, Oberhausen, Osterfeld and Sterkrade and has an area of ​​38.334 km ² . The deposit is located in the area of ​​the Emschermulde and the Lippemulde. The carbon here is overlaid by layers of marl , which sink to the northwest with a dip of two to three percent. On the southern side of the field, the marl layers are 134 meters thick , in the northern part of the field it is 330 meters. The strike of the seams runs from northeast to southwest. Local folds occur in the deposit in the southern part of the field . The field is intersected by four major faults running southeast to northwest.

The thickness of the seams worth building is between 0.6 and 2.2 meters. The hard coal types lean coal, gas and gas flame coal and fat coal are present in the deposit. The total thickness of the seams worth building is 33.4 meters. The lean coal group accounts for 6.9 meters, the fatty coal group 12.5 meters, the gas coal group 7.5 meters and the lower gas flame coal group 6.5 meters. There are both seams with recovery media and seams without recovery media. The thickness of the rock is between 0.1 and 1.0 meters, depending on the seam. The ratio of the buildable coal thickness to the thickness of the adjacent rock is 1:90 for the lean coal group, 1: 40.6 for the fatty coal group, 1: 30.3 for the gas coal group and 1: 20.7 for the gas flame coal group.

history

planning

In 1847, a consortium headed by the landowners Heinrich Dickmann from Oberhausen and Daniel Morian from Duisburg-Hamborn suggested a mining field on the Lipperheiderbaum under the name of Königsberg. The deposit was at a depth of 150 meters. Most of the trades lacked the money to expose the deposit . For this reason, Morian acquired all of the union's kuxe over the years and offered them to Franz Haniel for sale. In 1853, Franz Haniel acquired these pit field properties in the area of ​​the then independent municipalities of Osterfeld and Sterkrade . Haniel acquired the mine field for the Jacobi, Haniel & Huissen union (predecessor company of Gutehoffnungshütte ). Since the smelters in the Ruhr area experienced a boom in the 1850s, the steelworks union Jacobi, Haniel & Huissen planned to exploit their Königsberg mine field. The new mine to be built was intended to provide self-sufficiency with hard coal and coke . The daytime facilities of the mine were to be built on company-owned premises; a site east of the Neu Essen hut was selected as a suitable location. This property was conveniently located on the Cologne-Mindener railway line and on the road towards Essen . The mine was planned as a double-shaft installation, although this was still very rare at the time . The two wells should each with a shaft diameter of six meters geteuft be. Both shafts should be equipped with a Malakoff tower . The mine should be run under the name Zeche Koenigsberg. The two shafts were to be named Königsberg 1 shaft and Königsberg 2 shaft, according to the name of the pit field. Furthermore, a kaue , a boiler house with twelve flame tube boilers and several machine houses were planned.

The construction of the mine

In 1854, the first of the two shafts (called Königsberg shaft 1) was sunk. In September 1855, the sinking work for the Königsberg 2 shaft began. In 1856, shaft 1 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 141 meters . In the following year, at a depth of 180 meters (- 135 m above sea ​​level ) the weather crosscut to the south and at a depth of 199 meters (- 154 m above sea level) the first level was set. In the same year it started on the first floor with the Drift excavation in seam . At the end of 1857 the Teufmannschaft reached level 2 in shaft 1. The second level was set at a depth of 241 meters (-196 m above sea level). Subsequently, in the shaft 2 to the sole 2 with the promotion started. The system received a Malakow tower per shaft with a machine and boiler house in between. For the purpose of dewatering , a rod dewatering system was installed on shaft 1 above ground . The machine was a so-called Woolfsche balancing water maintenance machine . With this machine, two cubic meters of mine water could be pumped to the surface per minute . Shortly afterwards, the first stretches were also driven on the second level . In 1858 the mine was renamed “Oberhausen” colliery , but kept the name Koenigsberg colliery until 1871.

The first years of operation

In 1859 the Oberhausen colliery began regular mining. The coal mined came from the coal seams in the mine field . The coals were good quality fatty coals. The seams were strongly inclined here and were manually with the key pick in Verhieb taken. Blasting work was also carried out where necessary . The coal extracted was loaded into wagons and transported from the mining operations to the filling site by tugs . To reach their jobs underground, which had miners on trips into the pit retract . In 1859, a driving skill was set up for passenger transport on shaft 2 , and a coking plant was put into operation in the same year . Due to the favorable development in steel production at GHH and the associated increased production of coke, the plant management was forced to move the mining to greater depths. For the track promotion in 1861 were from the year pit pony used. This made it possible to transport up to six trolleys to the shaft at once. In 1862, the third level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 293 meters (- 248 m above sea level). In 1867, the digging of shaft 1 began. All sinking work was carried out while the conveyor was running. In shaft 2, the driving skill was extended to the third level. In the same year there was an accident during the cable car journey in shaft 1, in which three miners were killed. In 1871, the fourth level was set in shaft 2. In 1873 a third shaft was started. On April 16, 1874, a floating sand collapse occurred in this shaft. As a result, the shaft had to be abandoned. In the same year, a new shaft was built 56 meters northwest of the abandoned shaft . In 1877 the new shaft, called shaft 3, reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 238 meters. In the following year, the first level was set in shaft 3 at a depth of 276 meters (- 228 m above sea level). In the same year, the second level was set at a depth of 377 meters (- 329 m above sea level). Shaft 3 was initially called the Kattendahl shaft. In 1879 the shaft was renamed Osterfeld 1 shaft and became the shaft of the newly established and independent Osterfeld colliery . In 1881, the digging of shaft 2 began again. In 1883, the 5th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 429 meters (- 385 m above sea level). In the same year, the driving skill was extended to the 5th sole. In 1894, shaft 1 was also sunk deeper to the fifth level.

Since the mining operations were placed further and further away from the two shafts over the years and were also spread over several levels, problems with the ventilation became more and more frequent . Due to the layout of the farm, separating the fresh weather from the weather in the söhligen level became more and more difficult. This led to the fact that the composition of the weather deteriorated more and more. Since it was not possible to supply the mine workings with sufficient fresh weather and to freshen up the weather despite the three mine ventilators , this situation led to dangerous accumulations of mine gas more and more often . In 1885 a carbon copy was made with the neighboring Osterfeld mine. On December 4th of the same year there was a firedamp explosion at the Oberhausen colliery . Twelve miners lost their lives in this mining accident. In order to eliminate the ventilation problems, a new fresh-weather shaft was planned; this shaft was to be built on the edge of the mine field near Vondern Castle . In 1889, shaft 2 was sunk deeper and the 6th level was set at a depth of 508 meters (- 464 m above sea level). On April 14, 1891, another firedamp explosion occurred in the mine, in which ten miners were killed. In 1892 shaft 1 was penetrated to the 6th level. On December 24 of the same year there was another firedamp explosion, killing five miners. In 1895, sinking work for the Sterkrade mine began in the west of the mine field. The shaft was renamed Schacht Hugo shortly afterwards and spun off to the newly founded Hugo colliery . In 1897 the sinking work for the Sterkrade 1 shaft began.

Expansion of the mine

In 1898, work began on the new weather shaft. The shaft starting point for shaft 3 was in Vonderort . In the same year, shaft 1 was sunk deeper and the 7th level was set at a depth of 608 meters (- 564 m NN). The sinking work in shaft 3 proceeded quickly and without any significant complications. In 1900 the weather bed was set to the south in the weather shaft 3 at a depth of 199 meters (- 160 m NN) . In the course of the year, at a depth of 220 meters (- 181 m above sea level), the weather floor facing north, the later 1st floor, was set. In addition, at a depth of 311 meters (- 272 m above sea level), the midsole, later the second level, was added. In 1901, work began on shaft 2 to the 7th level. Weather shaft 3 was further sunk this year. In the Sterkrade 1 shaft, the Teufmannschaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 277 meters. The weather bed was set at a depth of 300 meters. Since the statics of the headframe above shaft 2 were no longer sufficient for the conveyance , it was necessary to strengthen it. For this reason, it was decided in 1901 to relieve the static load on the masonry of the Malakoff tower by means of a steel strut frame, which was to be drawn into the tower. It was also decided to carry out further renovations in the coming years, such as B. the replacement of the old winder. In 1902, the third level was set in weather shaft 3 at a depth of 411 meters (-372 m above sea level). In the same year, the first level was set in the Sterkrade 1 shaft at a depth of 330 meters and the second level at 364 meters. In the struts , the coals were still extracted with a wedge hoe or by blasting. In some mining operations have already been Stangenschrämmaschinen for obtaining used. The coal was conveyed via rubber belt conveyors . With these rubber belt conveyors, the upper run was attached to the hanging wall. The rubber belt was guided over belt rolls in the upper run, the lower belt was guided without rolls and dragged over the lying surface . In the course of 1902, sinking work began on the Sterkrade 2 shaft. At a depth of 500 meters, a connection was made from shaft 3 to the 6th level of the Oberhausen colliery. As a result, the weather shaft was put into operation and supplied the northern construction site with fresh weather. Since several viable seams were cut through during the sinking work , the board of GHH decided to expand the weather shaft 3 into an independent shaft system, the Vondern colliery. In 1903, the Sterkrade 1 and Sterkrade 2 shafts became the independent Sterkrade colliery and the 3-weather mine became the Vondern colliery. For this purpose, shaft 3 (weather shaft 3) was renamed to Vondern 1 shaft. In the same year, another firedamp explosion occurred on February 21, in which three miners died.

Since the problems with the ventilation through the weather shaft 3 could not be finally solved, in 1903, a further weather shaft was sunk. The shaft, again called shaft 3, was set up in the Südfeld in Essen-Frintrop on the Kattendahl road. The shaft was 4.5 meters in diameter. In the middle of the year the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 142 meters. In 1904 the first level was set at a depth of 150 meters (- 74 m above sea level). In the same year the mine field was divided into Oberhausen and Neu Oberhausen. The Oberhausen mining field had an area of ​​38.3 km ² and was mined by the Vondern, Hugo, Sterkrade, Osterfeld and Oberhausen collieries. The Neu Oberhausen mining field had an area of ​​45.5 km ² and initially remained unscratched. In 1905 a breakthrough was made with the 5th level of the Vondern colliery. As a result, the collieries in Oberhausen and Vondern were now connected to one another by two levels. In 1906 the second level was set in the new shaft 3 in the south field at a depth of 265 meters (- 74 m above sea level). In the same year, shaking chutes were used in the mining operations to convey the mined coal. For transport on the main lines, battery-powered mine locomotives were gradually used instead of the mine horses . For this, the track structure had to be adapted to the higher loads and a stronger rail profile had to be used. From 1907 onwards, considerable renovation work was carried out on the mine. First was in the shaft 1 shaft lining renewed. The old timber construction was exchanged for a shaft wall. In order to meet the high demand for bricks, the bricks were manufactured on the factory premises. The drainage system has been modernized on the 7th level . Instead of the boom water retention system installed above ground, centrifugal pumps with electric drives were installed. Each of these two turbo pumps had a delivery rate of three cubic meters of mine water per minute. The old boom water retention system was dismantled in the following time after it had been kept in reserve for a few months. The dewatering served as a central dewatering for the three collieries in Oberhausen, Osterfeld and Vondern. The Malakoff tower above shaft 2 was replaced by a modern strut frame . The winder was replaced, a drum winder with a drum diameter of nine meters was installed. The new machine was able to lift 1000 tons of payload per shift. As a result, up to 3,000 tons could now be extracted from shaft 2 in 16 hours. A strut frame was also erected above shaft 1 as a conveyor system. Since the mine was now increasingly producing lean coal, it became necessary to build a briquette factory, which was put into operation on October 1, 1907. The briquette factory had two production lines that could produce lean fine coal briquettes weighing three and seven kilograms. In the same year, the 4th level was set in shaft 3 (south field) at a depth of 384 meters (- 345 m above sea level). Since the mine continued to produce coal, the processing plant had to be modified. The lean and fat coals were processed separately using two systems. Each system could process 75 tons of coal per hour. The coal was transported to the Vondern colliery and coked there .

On May 30th, 1908, shaft 1 broke and had to be filled in and re-sunk up to the 7th level. In the following year, the shaft went back into operation and was further sunk. In 1910, the 8th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 709 meters (- 664 m above sea level). The shaft was completed on time for GHH's centenary and was the deepest shaft in the mine in 1910. In 1911, shaft 2 was partially backfilled for safety reasons and re- sunk from a depth of 145 meters. In 1912, shaft 2 went back into operation from the 7th level. In the same year there was another firedamp explosion on July 3, killing 16 miners.

The First World War

When the First World War broke out , many young miners were called up for military service. In the first year of the war, this reduced the underground workforce by almost 1,000 miners. In order to be able to partially compensate for this deficiency, young miners under 16 years old were also deployed underground. Due to the emergency situation, this measure was approved by the mining authority. On December 27, 1918, Freikorps under Colonel Heuck shot at demonstrating miners from Hamborn and Oberhausen who had set out to demand the solidarity of their colleagues from the Königsberg shaft. Three miners died and numerous demonstrators were seriously injured in the machine gun fire of the paramilitaries summoned by the management of Gutehoffnungshütte. Thereupon the miners received support from two trucks with machine guns from the Hamborner Workers' Armed Forces, the Freikorps received reinforcement from an Essen sailor company. A skirmish developed that claimed two lives on both sides.

The last few years until the shutdown

Since the productivity of the mines fell sharply after the First World War, modern cutting machines were installed in the mining operations of the Oberhausen colliery from 1924 . Picking hammers were also used for extraction . In the following year, the 5th level was set in shaft 3 (south field) at a depth of 530 meters (- 491 m above sea level). In 1926 there was an accident during the cable car trip in which 13 miners lost their lives. In 1928 a field swap was made with the Concordia colliery. On June 5, 1929, three miners died from dull weather . In 1931, as a result of the global economic crisis, the mine’s sales difficulties increased. Since these sales problems could no longer be regulated with party shifts and layoffs, the GHH had to resort to another solution. For this reason, on March 31, 1931, the “Oberhausen” mine was shut down. The construction site was added to the Osterfeld colliery. The briquette factory initially continued to operate. The water drainage also had to continue to operate as a central water system for the Vondern, Osterfeld and Roland collieries. For this reason, shafts 1 and 2 also had to remain open. In 1932, the weather shaft 3 in the southern field was filled.

From 1934, the GHH again made funds available for advertising purposes. For this reason, the management board and the supervisory board decided to convert the mine into a show mine . The company's products were to be presented above ground in six halls and also underground. In 1937, a show mine was built on the colliery site, which also included a terrace café on the higher headframe and a cinema on the 8th level. The cinema held 100 people. During the Second World War , clothing and food were also stored in the mine. At the beginning of 1942 the show mine was closed due to the worsening war situation. From 1945 only the drainage system on the 8th level was in operation. A plan made in the late 1940s to reopen the mine was not implemented. The briquette factory was shut down on April 29, 1950. At the beginning of the 1950s, the show mine was operated for a while, on September 30, 1959, the show mine was closed. In 1960 the mine was finally shut down and the daytime facilities were demolished. Since the dewatering in the connected mines was solved by other measures, it was no longer necessary to keep the two shafts open. In the same year, shafts 1 and 2 were filled.

Promotion and workforce

The first known production and workforce figures date from 1858, when 370 miners produced 71,612 Prussian tons of hard coal . In the following year 700 miners were already employed at the mine, who produced 160,000 tons of hard coal. In 1860 the workforce was 709 miners, the production amounted to 183,712 tons of hard coal. In 1865, 913 miners extracted more than 254,000 tons of hard coal. In 1870, 864 miners extracted 219,690 tons of hard coal. In 1875 1098 miners were employed at the colliery, the production amounted to 271,301 tons of hard coal. In 1880, 1670 miners were employed in the mine, around 460,000 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1885, 1,357 miners were employed in the mine; the production amounted to 460,336 tons of hard coal. In 1890 1220 miners were employed at the colliery, 465,000 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1895, 1810 miners were employed. This year, production exceeded half a million tons for the first time. 621,000 tons of hard coal were mined.

In 1900, 2123 miners were employed in the mine, the production amounted to 592,807 tons of hard coal. In 1902, 2379 miners were employed at the mine. This year the maximum production of the mine was achieved with 709,000 tons of hard coal. In 1905 591,779 tons of hard coal were mined, 2381 miners were employed in the mine. In 1910 there were 2310 miners at the mine, 550,352 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1913 651,000 tons of hard coal were mined, 2336 miners were employed in the mine. In 1915, 2096 miners extracted 452,433 tons of hard coal. In 1920 the number of employees fell to 1773, 396,988 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1925 379,214 tons of hard coal were mined, 1667 miners were employed in the mine. In 1930, 1200 miners were still employed in the mine; 356,000 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Current condition

The former workshop

The area of ​​the "Oberhausen 1/2" colliery is still relatively easy to see today. The gate and administration building as well as the workshop building from 1922 are evidence of the first smelter mine in the Ruhr area. There are various small businesses in the area of ​​the shafts. A hostel is housed in the gatehouse from 1912, and the building of the former workshop is used as the "ResonanzWerk" event hall and recording studio. The 24-hour charity run “Kultur-Run Oberhausen” has been taking place around the site of the Oberhausen colliery since 2009.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at} Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Fr. Frölich: The Gutehoffnungshütte Oberhausen. Second book, The works of the Gutehoffnungshütte according to the status of the year 1910. In memory of the 100th anniversary 1810–1910
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s} Wilhelm and Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr . In: The Blue Books . 6th edition, expanded to include a digression according to p. 216 and updated in energy policy parts, the 5th edition, completely revised. u. extended edition. Langewiesche publishing house , Königstein im Taunus 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9
4. ^ ^{A b c} Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century . Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902
5. ^ Susanne Christ: Picture Atlas Ruhr Area. HB Verlag, Osterfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-616-06367-6
6. ^ ^{A b} Arnold Woltmann: The Gutehoffnungshütte Oberhausen. First book, history of the Gutehoffnungshütte. In memory of the 100th anniversary from 1810–1910
7. ^ ^{A b c} Fritz Pamp: The steelworks union Jacobi, Haniel & Huyssen . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 8, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2008, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
8. ^ Fritz Pamp: The Gutehoffnungshütte. From the establishment of the Actien-Verein in 1873 to its “unbundling” in 1945 . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 9, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen December 2008, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap} Fritz Pamp: The Oberhausen colliery . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 12, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2009, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
10. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874
11. ↑ ^{a b} Fritz Pamp: The Jacobi mine; Their development up to the conclusion of the first collective agreement in 1919 . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 22, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen March 2012, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
12. ↑ Erhard Lucas : March Revolution in the Ruhr Area. March / April 1920 , Frankfurt am Main, 1970, p. 29
13. ↑ Information about the "ResonanzWerk" (Oberhausen colliery) . Online (accessed May 5, 2013)

Web links

Commons : Zeche Oberhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of this sight on the route of industrial culturehttp: //vorlage.rik.test/~17~11714