Ride (mining)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Typical wooden ride in a mine.

When driving the designated Bergmann all used underground conductors . It comes from the miner's language and goes back to the verb drive (ahd. Faran ), which in its original meaning denoted any type of locomotion . In terms of landscape, the term Fahrte is also used .

Rides are strong ladders with wide rungs, which are used in and outside the pit, to drive up and down on them. A whole trip is 12 cubits (6.87 m) long, has 24 rungs, a half is 6 cubits long, and has 12 rungs. Latin Scalae minerariae. Machina scansoria. Agricola french les echelles des puits. Gradins "

Journeys also served as a measure of vertical length .

history

Riser

A: A miner who comes in on the drive
Steigbaum, schematic

The forerunner of the trip was the Steigbaum ( dugout canoe ), some of which was used until the 20th century. Riser trees are described as particularly insensitive to the effects of blasting and are therefore recommended for use in mining and shaft depths . Climb trees were already used in the flint mines of the Stone Age .

Climbing board

Climbing board from 1475

In the Middle Ages, climbing boards were also occasionally used, which, compared to the climbing tree, were lower in weight and made transport easier. A climbing board consists of a wooden board a few meters long with recesses for placing the feet.

Rides

Journeys themselves have been known since at least the Middle Ages, Georgius Agricola speaks in his main work De re metallica libri XII that "the Son of God ... the right journey" [is], and assumes knowledge of the term.

construction

Rides are described as "strong ladders" made up of the two legs and the rungs. Treptow writes that the drive legs are made of half rods, i.e. half-round timber, and that hardwood is expediently used for the rungs. Modern wooden trips, on the other hand, are made entirely of coniferous wood and the legs of the trip usually have a rectangular profile. The depiction of the traveling miner from Agricola also shows drive legs with a rectangular cross-section.

In addition to wooden journeys, iron journeys are also used in mining, especially in shafts , and increasingly aluminum ladders are used for non-stationary use. These do not differ in structure from the ladder constructions customary above ground.

commitment

Trips are used in mining to overcome height differences. Most often they are installed in shafts and overhangs so that miners can drive in and out of them. Until the widespread introduction of the cable car around the end of the 19th century, this was the main use of the rides; Today, the shaft trips only serve as an escape route in an emergency or are not available if there are several independently functioning cableway facilities, especially in very deep shafts. The segment of the shaft washer , are the trips to the, called driving spectrum .

In tonnlägigen shafts, the trips are to the past once Riche nailed and bound to follow the dip of the well.

In former times , the journeys were also attached to the shaft lining in separate shafts . H. vertically one above the other. This is very exhausting for the miners and is therefore only used in exceptional cases and with very short shafts. The rule today is the installation at an angle of about 75 ° to the horizontal and a resting platform every 4 or 5 trips.

literature

  • Josef Niederist: Basics of mining science . edited for practical instruction and use. Credner, Prague 1863, Die Fahrung, p. 124–126 ( digitized version [accessed March 17, 2016]).
  • Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871, p. 600 .
  • anonymous: mining dictionary . it shows the German names and idioms and at the same time the Latin and French used by writers. Ed .: Johann Christoph Stößel. Chemnitz 1778, p. 634 .
  • Emil Stöhr: Basics of mining, including processing . Ed .: E. Treptow. 2nd Edition. Spielhagen & Schurich, Vienna 1892, chap. 11 , p. 381 .
  • Georg Agricola : De Re Metallica Libri XII . Twelve books on mining and metallurgy. Unchanged reprint of the first edition by VDI-Verlag, 1928 edition. Marixverlag, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-86539-097-8 (Latin).

Individual evidence

  1. Wolfgang Pfeifer (Ed.): Etymological Dictionary of German . 7th edition. Akademie, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-941960-03-9 ( dwds.de ).
  2. M. Schmidt: About the development of the art of mine cutting and the training of the mine cutting in Saxony . II. The mountain viewer. In: C. Menzel (Hrsg.): Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony . to the year 1889. Craz & Gerlach, Freiber 1890, p. 4 ( digital copy [PDF; accessed on March 17, 2016]): “Finally, the measurement of several old specimens of the old Freiberg Elle kept by the Freiberg City Council showed that the same was an average length of 0.5728 m ...” Digital copy ( Memento des Originals dated November 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tu-freiberg.de
  3. Johann Christoph Stößel (Ed.): Mining dictionary, in which the German terms and idioms and at the same time the Latin and French in writers are displayed. Chemnitz 1778, p. 168, ( digitized version )
  4. ^ Emil Treptow: Basics of mining science . including processing and briquetting. sixth, increased and completely revised edition. 1st volume. Julius Springer, Vienna 1925, Chapter VII, p. 469 .
  5. ^ Helmut Wilsdorf: Cultural history of mining . An illustrated journey through times and continents. Verlag Glückauf, Essen 1987, ISBN 3-7739-0476-2 , p. 15 (abutment of a climbing tree in the flint mine in Hov / Denmark, shaft II.).
  6. Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: A late medieval climbing board from the Kohlbach mine in Hohensachsen, city of Weinheim, Rhein-Neckar district (=  archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 2004 ). 1st edition. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1957-5 , p. 273-275 .
  7. ^ Emil Treptow: Basics of mining science . including processing and briquetting. sixth, increased and completely revised edition. 1st volume. Julius Springer, Vienna 1925, Chapter VII, p. 470 .

Web links