Beating up

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As Aufhauen in ore mining also about sculpting or over break called, is known in mining a söhlig in the reservoir or against the incident started mining operations . Aufhauen are always opened from the bottom up. The opposite of cutting up is cutting off . Cut off are opened from top to bottom.

Basics

You want in mining a connection between two, or even more, reducing distances create such a mine opening you have to either create reversed from the lower to the upper range degradation or. The pit is built either against the direction of fall or in the direction of fall. Depending on the direction in which this connecting pit is excavated, it is referred to as either cutting up or cutting off. Thaws are less common in companies with a risk of firedamp. Here the creation of chopping off is preferred. In hard coal mining , hives are created in longwall mining and inclined mining . The later dismantling front is exposed here by being cut. As soon as the mining operation has started, the chopping up is no longer necessary, it then belongs to the old man . But there are also throws that are used in the long term. These mines are then used for driving , extraction and ventilation .

Form and creation

Raises usually have an approximately rectangular cross-section, they are about five meters wide. When stored flat , they are often created as a so-called widening. Broadened ones have a width of ten, or even more, meters. The height is around 1.7 meters. As a rule, the excavations are created at right angles to the mining routes. If cuts are made in the area of ​​a fault , they are mostly driven along the fault. In the case of a steeply inclined or steep storage, so-called inclined ramps are created. These excavations are driven at an angle against the collapse of the deposit. When driving a Aufhauen, the same work steps occur as when driving excavation roads. First, the effected Come profits of Minerals and possibly the surrounding rocks , then the bulk material is loaded off and carried away, the end is expanding introduced. The winning is done either manually with a pick hammer or by drilling and shooting . Special ripping machines are often used for these activities. Loading machines are used for filling away, while tank conveyors , scrapers or abrasive belt conveyors are used for conveying . Sometimes shaking chutes were also used for conveyance. Punches and caps are used for expansion . Either wood or steel is used as finishing material. For the operation, hewing is often divided into two rubble, which are separated from each other by a wooden crate. With wider hitting, three rubble can also be created. In seam-like deposits, the width of the individual rubble depends on the thickness of the seam. The ventilation takes place during the driveway by means of ducts and blowing fans .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e f g Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962, pp. 208–215.
  3. ^ Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  4. ↑ a b c Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, fifth improved edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1923, pp. 318-319.
  5. ↑ a b c d Friedrich Freise: Alignment, installation and mining of hard coal deposits. Craz & Gerlach publishing house, Freiberg in Sachsen 1908, pp. 80–81.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In underground mining, the mining front is the joint at which the respective mineral resource is extracted . (Source: Walter Bischoff, Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon .)