Shaft attachment point

The shaft attachment point is a mining term. It denotes the point on the surface of the day to sink the shaft . For the correct selection of the shaft attachment point, different aspects are weighed against each other, the location of the shaft attachment point is only determined after precise planning.

Selection aspects

In principle, several main aspects are decisive for the selection of the shaft attachment point, but the mining aspects usually determine the shaft attachment point. Among other things, the conditions underground, the surface conditions and the overburden must be taken into account when planning. Another aspect for the choice of the shaft starting point is the size of the pit field .

Conditions underground

In terms of underground conditions, the amount, value and distribution of the deposit are first taken into account, as well as the strike and collapse of the deposit. In doing so, rich deposit parts of the mine field are considered more than poorer ones. In the case of steep storage , the position of the shaft is more tied to the course of the deposit than in the case of flat storage. The layout of the deposit plays an important role, especially the length of the driving and conveying routes. The position of the shaft starting point is chosen, if possible, so that the conveying paths to the shaft are as short as possible. The location of any tectonic disturbances is also taken into account, as is the choice of weather management . Ultimately, the size of the shaft safety pier also plays an important role: shafts that are located in the horizontal position of the storage facility require smaller security posts than shafts in the hanging wall . This is because the deposits cut the shaft at shallower depths . In addition, shafts that are in the hanging wall of the deposit have steeper fracture angles at the mining limits.

Conditions over days

The location of the traffic routes is of particular importance for surface conditions. The presence of canals, railways or roads offers the possibility of a cost-effective and unproblematic removal of the product. This is especially true if the extracted raw material has to be transported away in large quantities or if it does not bring high revenues (e.g. coal brings in less than diamonds). In addition, the location of the next residential development must be taken into account when planning. If possible, a larger plot of land is purchased so that there is a large distance to the next residential development. For cost reasons, if possible, a plot of land is acquired that is relatively low in the square meter price. This is the case for properties that are further away from an existing or planned development. One aspect that should not be ignored is the risk of water influx. Protection against water ingress from surface waters is already taken into account when planning the starting point of the manhole; if necessary, the manhole will be placed on a low elevation during the subsequent implementation of the manhole. For this reason, the starting point of the manhole is not planned in a valley floor, even if there is no surface water there. The protection of the environment against the effects of the mining operation must also be taken into account when choosing the shaft starting point.

Overburden

The thickness and nature of the overburden above the deposit is also important for the choice of the shaft starting point. For example, rough or soft and heavily water-bearing overburden can make it much more difficult to sink the shaft. In this case, too, the required shaft extension may be more expensive than with better overburden. This aspect is particularly taken into account during planning and the shaft is placed wherever possible where the unfavorable overburden is only less thick . In order to make a precise selection for the shaft starting point, several deep boreholes are often made in advance.

selection

Taking into account the individual selection aspects, the shaft starting point is determined taking into account the respective operational tasks. Taking into account the conditions of the deposits, the starting point for the first shaft should be placed in the middle of the respective pit area. The number and location of the other shafts depends on the size of the mine field. Smaller pit fields are subdivided into up to three shaft fields and can thus be solved by three conveyor shafts . Since this type of shafts is equipped with its own daytime systems and is very expensive to expand as a delivery shaft, one often takes a different route and converts the sites to double shaft systems . Additional weather shafts are then added to the edge of the mine field. In the case of a connecting mine, a shaft for the cable car , conveyance and ventilation , is usually placed on the edge of the connecting field.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Heinrich Otto Buja: Engineering handbook mining technology, deposits and extraction technology. 1st edition, Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin-Vienna-Zurich, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-410-22618-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c B. W. Boki, Gregor Panschin: Bergbaukunde. Kulturfonds der DDR (Ed.), Verlag Technik Berlin, Berlin 1952.
^ ^A ^b Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884.

Web links

MINING OPERATION DROSEN: Shaft starting points of the mine (last accessed on December 15, 2014)
Shaft starting point of the Friedrich Franz shaft (last accessed on December 15, 2014)

[Quelle_2-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .

[Quelle_4-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 .

[Quelle_1-3] Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974.

[Quelle_5-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962.

[Quelle_6-5] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Heinrich Otto Buja: Engineering handbook mining technology, deposits and extraction technology. 1st edition, Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin-Vienna-Zurich, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-410-22618-5 .

[Quelle_7-6] B. W. Boki, Gregor Panschin: Bergbaukunde. Kulturfonds der DDR (Ed.), Verlag Technik Berlin, Berlin 1952.

[Quelle_3-7] A ^b Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884.