Walsum colliery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Walsum mine
General information about the mine
Walsum-Roemerstr.jpg colliery
Walsum colliery from the east 2005
Mining technology Underground
Funding / year Max. = 3,388,866 t
Funding / total 159 million tons
Information about the mining company
Employees up to 6814
Start of operation 1927
End of operation 2008
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 31 '44 "  N , 6 ° 42' 52"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '44 "  N , 6 ° 42' 52"  E
Walsum Mine (Ruhr Regional Association)
Walsum mine
Location Walsum mine
Location Walsum
local community Duisburg
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Duisburg
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Walsum colliery, also known as the Walsum mine, is a former hard coal mine in the city of Duisburg in the Duisburg-Walsum district . The Duisburg-Walsum power plant , in which some of the hard coal extracted here, is directly converted into electricity, is located next to the mine facilities .

history

The beginnings

As early as the 1880s, the industrialist August Thyssen began to acquire several mine fields in the Lower Rhine area, north of Duisburg-Hamborn . In 1903 part of the field was cut off from the German Kaiser mine field . The Rhein I trade union was founded in the same year . In 1904 August Thyssen planned to build a double shaft system on his mine field property . In the same year Thyssen submitted the operating plan to the mining authority . The mining authority approved the application that same year. Following this was in 1904, sinking work begun for a pilot shaft. The foreshaft was sunk only a few meters. From 1908, test drillings were carried out at the planned mine site. In addition, further preparatory work was carried out to sink Shaft 1. The shaft should be created using the freezing process . In 1909 the first boreholes for the freezing process were drilled. In the same year the operation was stopped again. In 1910, work was resumed. A final well was drilled to a depth of 956 meters. In the following year, the work was interrupted again. Due to the outbreak of the First World War , work was stopped in 1914. In 1919, work resumed. In 1922 a derrick / sink tower was erected and drilling of the freezing holes continued. Work was interrupted again in 1923 due to the occupation of the Ruhr area.

After August Thyssen died on April 4, 1928, his son Heinrich took over the company. In the same year, the mine ownership was transferred to the newly founded Gas- und Wasserwerke GmbH. In 1927, work resumed. In the same year the Walsum union was founded by Thyssenschen Gas- und Wasserwerke GmbH. In addition, this year the rights holders were consolidated . The rights holders now covered an area of ​​17.6 km 2 . After clarifying the ownership of the mine fields with the United Stahlwerke AG , the sinking of Shaft 1 began in 1927. In 1929 the shaft reached the coal mountains at a depth of 339 meters . However, a water ingress meant that the work had to be postponed for the time being . In the same year Wilhelm Roelen became works director of the mine. According to his plans, the Walsum colliery was expanded further. In 1930 the sinking work for shaft 2 began. The shaft was beside pit one set . To self-supply the mine with electric power and compressed air to ensure in the same year with the construction of a coal mine power plant started. In addition, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed this year and the bottom of the pump was set at a depth of 397 meters (- 367 m above sea ​​level ) in the Chriemhilt seam. In the same year, the Baldur sole was set at a depth of 432 meters (-402 m above sea level). In addition, shaft 2 reached carbon in this year. Subsequently, this year the promotion for personal use began.

The first years of operation

With the onset of the global economic crisis , operations were cut back sharply from 1931. In the same year was on the Baldur sole between the shaft 1 and shaft 2 Punch created. In 1932, the water level was set as the second level in shaft 1 at a depth of 545 meters (-515 m above sea level). The operation was then completely stopped. At the beginning of the 1930s, the depth of the carbon surface was determined from above ground using reflection methods. This was the first practical implementation of the process in Ruhr mining. It served to explore and determine the course of the main post-Carboniferous faults . In the following year, 1933, operations were resumed. The sinking work was now carried out more intensively. In the same year, the 3rd level was set as the first extraction level in shaft 1 at a depth of 673 meters (-640 m above sea level). In 1934, the construction of a branch canal started above ground (today Nordhafen Walsum ). The canal was led from the Rhine to the mine, where a turning basin was built in which ships with a carrying capacity of 5000 tons could be loaded. In the same year, a pit ventilator was put into operation in order to be able to remove the weather from the mine workings . The fan was driven by a tandem compound steam engine with an output of 2600 hp .

In 1935, the fourth level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 800 meters (-770 m above sea level). In addition, the sinking work on shaft 2 was continued this year. In 1936, shaft 2 was penetrated with the fourth level. At a depth of 833 meters, the sinking work in shaft 1 was ended for the time being. In the same year, regular mining began in shaft 1. In addition, the branch canal from the Rhine was completed this year. The canal reached a length of 1,600 meters. In 1937 a patented tower head frame was erected above shaft 1 . The headframe was 70 meters high. Shaft 2 was only kept open for the time being. The conveyance was carried out in shaft 1 by means of four-tier conveyor baskets , on which there was space for an open-plan car with a capacity of 3.8 m 3 per floor . On August 2, 1941, a mine fire broke out in the mine , killing six miners . In the same year the wash house was completed. In 1942 the field was awarded to Zollhaus. The Zollhaus field had an area of ​​0.57 km 2 . As a result, the beneficiaries now covered an area of ​​18.2 km 2 . In 1943 the tandem compound machine of the pit ventilator was replaced by a three-phase asynchronous motor . Towards the end of the Second World War , the colliery was destroyed by bombs. Operations had to be temporarily suspended in 1945. Operations resumed on August 2, 1945.

post war period

After the Second World War, the Walsum trade union began to develop the mine into an efficient composite mine. Particular emphasis was placed on the expansion of the coal mine power station . In 1946 the 3rd level and the 4th level were operated as the main conveyor levels. In 1951 the operations administration building was completed. In 1952, work began on driving into the Neu-Eversael field. After the reconstruction work had been completed, the Walsum union was converted into Walsum Bergbau Aktiengesellschaft in 1953 . The extensive expansion of the mine was continued under this company. In the same year the fields Eversael, Görsicker and Hiesfeld XVI, Hiesfeld XVIII, Hiesfeld XXI were acquired. In addition, work began on converting the weather shaft 2 into a production shaft. It received an identical headframe as shaft 1 and was initially equipped with a carriage conveyor. In the 1950s, there were disagreements with the mine’s domestic customers. The reason was that the coal mined at the mine was sold to foreign customers 25 DM per tonne cheaper than to domestic customers. The mine director at the time, Herbert Barking, was willing to pass this discount on to domestic customers, but was bound to the given prices due to the obligations towards the West German sales cartel. In 1956, shaft 2 was put into operation as the second production shaft. Up to this point in time, the coal mine power plant had meanwhile been expanded to an electrical output of 38 megawatts . Shaft 1 was named Franz Lenze , Shaft 2 was named Wilhelm Roelen , named after the colliery's long-term mine directors. In the same year the fields Neu-Eversael and Zollhaus were divided. Then the fields Neu-Eversael II and Zollhaus II were handed over. The rightful now covered an area of ​​59.4 km 2 . In 1957, the expanded coal mine power plant achieved an output of 175 megawatts. Another power plant block with an output of 150 megawatts was under construction, which should be completed by 1959.

The other years of operation

In the following years the Walsum colliery was expanded further. In 1963 the company form of the mine was transformed into a stock corporation. In the following year, the sinking work for a blind shaft was started from the 3rd level . In 1965 the Am Stapp field was awarded. The field had an area of ​​0.18 km 2 . With this award, the entire right now covered an area of ​​59.6 km 2 . At this point in time, all extraction operations in the mine were fully mechanized. The longwall construction was meanwhile fully mechanical in all struts of the mine. In 1966, the 5th level was set in the blind shaft of the 3rd level at a depth of 913 meters (- 880 m above sea level). In the same year, Augerminig was used in the seam horizon E / F. This was the first time this method was used in the Ruhr mining industry . At the same time, the shaft conveyance at the Wilhelm-Roelen shaft was converted to vessel conveyance . In 1967 the sinking work on the Franz and Wilhelm shafts was resumed and the shafts were sunk deeper. In 1968 the Ruhrkohle AG was founded and the Walsum colliery was incorporated into the newly founded Ruhrkohle AG. The mine was affiliated to "Bergbau AG Niederrhein". In 1968 the Franz and Wilhelm shafts were penetrated with the 5th level. After the conveyance in the Wilhelm Roelen shaft had been converted to vessel conveyance, a significantly higher daily output could be achieved with the shaft than with the earlier rack conveyance . In 1969 there was an accident in the overhead monorail operation during the line haulage , in which three miners were killed. In 1976 the Wehofen 1/2 mine was taken over from the closed Friedrich Thyssen 2/5 colliery . The Wehofen shafts were used exclusively for dewatering . In 1979, the preparatory work for the Voerde shaft began. The shaft was set up eight kilometers northwest of operating part 1/2. The freezing work began the following year . The length of the freezing column was 627 meters. In addition, mining in shaft 1 started this year from the 5th level.

The actual sinking work for the Voerde shaft began in 1981. In the same year the carbon was reached at a depth of 639 meters. The following year, the fourth floor was Voerde towards bay from the construction site half ascended . In addition, the northern construction site with a size of 21 km 2 was leased. In 1984 the third level was set in the Voerde shaft at a depth of 681 meters (-653 m above sea level). In the same year the shaft was penetrated with the 4th level. In the following year, the 5th level was set in the Voerde shaft. In the same year, the 6th level was set at a depth of 993 meters (-965 m above sea level). The shaft reached a final depth of 1060 meters. By sinking the shaft, the northern part of the field was now further developed. In 1986 was a conveyor mountain a breakdown between the 5th sole Walsum and 1050 meters sole Rheinland created. In 1987, the Voerde shaft was put into operation as an external shaft for cable travel and ventilation . In 1988, the Rhineland colliery began digging the Rheinberg mine. The shaft was set up in the Orsoyer arch on the left bank of the Rhine and was intended to serve as a weather shaft for the Walsum and Rhineland collieries. In the following year, a breakthrough was made between the two mines in Binsheimer Feld. In 1990 the Binsheimer Feld construction site with the Gerdt shaft was taken over by the Rhineland colliery. In the same year, mining began in the field . In 1992 the Rheinberg weather shaft was penetrated by the 5th floor of Walsum. In 1993 the shafts Wehofen 1 and Wehofen 2 were filled . In the same year, the Rheinberg weather shaft was taken over by the Friedrich Heinrich / Rheinland composite mine. In the following year, the Rheinpreußen 8 shaft and the Rheinpreußen 9 shaft were taken over. Together with the Rheinpreußen 8 shaft, the associated Binsheim field was also taken over. In 2001 the Rheinpreußen 9 shaft was backfilled.

The fight against coal mining under the Rhine

In June 2002, the Arnsberg district government issued the planning approval decision, which approved the mine to be dismantled below the Rhine. A monitoring system was set up for the mine at the suggestion of the licensing authority. This consisted of various representatives of the individual interest groups and, as integrative monitoring, should include various environmental areas. In particular, water protection was one of the main tasks of this monitoring. In 2002, the city of Voerde brought an action against the general operating plan of the Walsum mine. According to the planning approval decision, a maximum subsidence of up to 5.5 meters was permitted. The city of Voerde feared that the dismantling under the Rhine dykes would severely impair the security of the public infrastructure against flood risks. The city also feared that the mining under the city center would lead to considerable damage to the mountains . The city of Voerde saw the implementation of the urban planning at risk. Several more lawsuits followed; the city of Voerde documents this in detail on its homepage. As a result, there were further lawsuits. The general operating plan was put into effect by the responsible authorities due to "overriding public interest" (order for immediate execution). The city of Voerde, for its part, has now filed a lawsuit against the dismantling of the L / K 82 seam following the approval of the general operating plan and against the special operating plan “dismantling under the Rhine”. The city wanted to restore the suspensive effect of the lawsuit. The applications of the city of Voerde were rejected by the administrative court in Düsseldorf . The complaints to the OVG for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia were also unsuccessful. At the beginning of 2004, the Düsseldorf Administrative Court dismissed the main action brought by the city against the general operating plan. The city of Voerde appealed against this. The OVG for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia decided on this appointment in autumn 2005. The appeal was not allowed in this judgment. Nevertheless, the OVG has pointed out some fundamental legal issues. In addition, the OVG allowed the appeal at the Federal Administrative Court. The city of Voerde then lodged a well-founded appeal.

The last few years

After the mining in the Binsheimer Feld was finished in 2004, the field was discarded and the Rhine Prussia shaft was filled. In the state elections on May 22, 2005 , the red-green government under NRW Prime Minister Peer Steinbrück (SPD) lost to Jürgen Rüttgers (CDU). Rüttgers formed a black-yellow coalition. As part of the adjustment measures for the DSK's coal production, it was decided to shut down the Walsum colliery on January 1, 2009. On June 30, 2008, mining in the Walsum mine field was stopped and the mine closed.

Promotion and workforce

The first known workforce at the mine dates back to 1928, when 155 miners were employed at the mine. The first production figures come from 1931; in that year, 240 employees produced 2,192 tons of hard coal. In 1935, 108,605 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 500 employees. In 1940, 1412 employees mined 570,000 tons of hard coal. In 1950, production exceeded the one million tons mark for the first time. This year, 4,396 employees produced 1,286,000 tons of hard coal. In 1955 the production rose to around 2,000,000 tons of hard coal, the workforce in that year was 6,250 employees. In 1960 the production increased to 2,508,000 tons of hard coal, the workforce in that year was 6814 employees. In 1970, 2,644,883 tons of hard coal were mined with 4,363 employees. In 1980 the production exceeded the mark of three million tons for the first time. This year, 4,593 employees produced 3,225,051 tons of hard coal. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1982. This year, 3,388,866 tons of hard coal were extracted, and the workforce was 4606. In 1990, with 4420 employees, 2,949,339 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1995 the production again exceeded the mark of three million tons. This year, with 4,173 employees, a production of 3,286,858 tons of hard coal was produced. In 1998, 2,639,861 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 3,759 employees. In the year 2000, 2,560,000 tons of hard coal were mined with 3,627 employees. In 2005, 2793 people were still employed at the mine; 1,815,445 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known production and workforce figures as an independent mine.

Aftermath, perpetual cost

As a result of the dismantling, a large area was "lowered" by 10 to 20 meters. Should a Rhine dike ever break on the left bank of the Rhine, this area would be deeply submerged (see flood protection on the Lower Rhine ). Even after the mine has been closed, mine water must continue to be pumped (" perpetual costs "). LINEG operates this at many former mining sites on the left bank of the Rhine .

Others

The neighboring Walsum power plant will continue to operate - with imported coal; since 2007 a new power station block has been added.

The headframe of shaft 1 (Franz Lenze) built in 1938/39, the hoisting machine houses and the fan building from 1943 were entered in the list of monuments in May 2008.

In October 2011 the owner Ruhrkohle AG applied to the city of Duisburg to be allowed to demolish these buildings for economic reasons.

On May 3, 2013 the headframe of Schacht Voerde was blown up; this was the end of the demolition work on the Voerde mine site. The property is to be returned to agricultural use.

Trivia

The colliery served as the location for the first episode of Germany's Next Top Model season.

photos

  • Walsum colliery, harbor side

  • Entrance to the mine area

  • Tower frames of shafts 1 and 2 from the south

  • Voerde shaft

Coal mining - photos from 1962

  • Federal archive B 145 Bild-F013068-0013, Walsum, coal mining, guest workers.jpg
  • Federal archive B 145 Bild-F013069-0004, Walsum, coal mining, guest workers.jpg
  • Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F013073-0004, Walsum, coal mining.jpg
  • Federal archive B 145 Bild-F013069-0013, Walsum, coal mining, guest workers.jpg

literature

  • Friedrich-Karl Bassier , Egon Kallrath: Walsum - The story of a mine. Walsum n.d. (1989).
  • Christian Böse, Michael Farrenkopf: Zeche am Strom. The history of the Walsum mine. Bochum 2015 (2nd edition), ISBN 978-3-937203-71-3
  • Contemporary witness exchange Duisburg: Duisburg mines in historical photographs , Sutton Verlag Erfurt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-95400-747-9

Web links

Commons : Zeche Walsum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhrbergbau. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Walter Buschmann : Collieries and coking plants in the Rhenish coal industry, Aachen district and western Ruhr area. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-7861-1963-5 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Günter Streich, Corneel Voigt: Zechen Dominanten im Revier. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Verlag Beleke KG, Nobel-Verlag GmbH, Essen 1999, ISBN 3-922785-58-1 .
  6. ↑ H. Lückerath: Successful application of the seismic reflection method in Ruhr mining. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (ed.), No. 10, 72nd year, March 7, 1936, pp. 236–238
  7. ^ Coal cartel, discount for foreign customers. In: Der Spiegel. No. 44, Springer Verlag, 1958, p. 30
  8. ^ Joachim Huske: The coal mining in the Ruhr area from its beginnings to the year 2000. 2nd edition. Regio-Verlag Peter Voß, Werne 2001, ISBN 3-929158-12-4
  9. ↑ a b District Government Arnsberg Department 8 Mining and Energy (Ed.): Plan approval decision for the framework operating plan with environmental impact assessment for the extraction of hard coal in the Walsum mine for the period 2002 to 2019 by Deutsche Steinkohle AG. June 7, 2002
  10. ↑ District government Arnsberg Department 8 Mining and Energy (Ed.): Monitoring Bergwerk Walsum, annual report 2011. Druck Center Meckenheim GmbH
  11. ↑ a b c Walsum mine - foreword , see in detail on the various legal proceedings for coal mining under the Rhine: Steffen Himmelmann, construction project based on a plan approval decision , in: Terwiesche, Der Bauverwaltungsprozess, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2012, p. 114 ff; ISBN 978-3-406-63180-1
  12. ↑ A chronology of the processes and decisions (mid-2002 to mid-2005; PDF; 32 kB)
  13. ↑ State election NRW on Wahl.Tagesschau.de Online (accessed on October 14, 2014)
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Traut: Commitment required. In: Dialogue and Service Initiative Bergwerk Walsum: Perspective on site, information sheet from the Walsum mine. Summer 2004 p. 1
  15. ↑ District government Arnsberg Department 8 Mining and Energy (Ed.): Monitoring Bergwerk Walsum, annual report 2012. Druck Center Meckenheim GmbH
  16. ↑ PDF ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (12 pages) (last accessed October 17, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lineg.de
  17. ↑ Printed matter 08-0540 of the city of Duisburg
  18. ↑ RAG wants to demolish the listed winding tower from the Walsum mine In: Derwesten.de of November 30, 2011 (last accessed on October 17, 2014)
  19. ↑ The winding tower at the old Voerde shaft was blown up In: Derwesten.de from May 5, 2013 (accessed on July 12, 2019)
  20. ↑ Germany's next top model: Episode 1 - The jump into cold water ( Memento from September 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed via Archive.org on June 29, 2017)