Weather

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As Abwetter ( listen ? / I ) is referred to in mining from the mine workings derived stale air. The miner calls the weather flow that is directed to the main pit fan behind an operating point . Audio file / audio sample

Emergence

The weather that sweeps through the mine workings experience a change in their composition. Depending on the mine, the weather absorbs gases such as hydrogen , nitrogen , methane or toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and digester gases. The concentration of these gases depends on various conditions. Oxidation processes, putrefaction processes and oxygen breathing add carbon dioxide to the air . A person takes between 15 and 25 breaths per minute. Through breathing, a man releases between 21.6 and 56 liters of carbon dioxide per hour to the weather. For the pit horses previously used in mining, this value was more than four times. Operating open lights produced an additional 16.9 liters of carbon dioxide per lamp. The oxidation processes in hard coal mines consume significantly more oxygen and generate carbon oxide than the breathing of all people and animals in the mine together. Due to the constant supply of carbon dioxide into the weather stream, the initial value of 0.04 percent carbon dioxide increases steadily. The exhaust air flow from hard coal mines contains between 0.2 and 0.6 percent carbon dioxide. In certain rock layers such as B. Granite there are deposits of radon 222. By mining the rock, this radon is released and mixed with the weather. Radon 222 then also gets into the weather.

The operation of vehicles with diesel engines also emits diesel exhaust gases to the weather. However, the proportion of carbon dioxide produced by operating diesel engines is low. Another change in the weather is caused by the increase in temperature. Due to the increase in rock temperature with increasing depth , the weather continues to warm. Certain hard and lignite coals also have the property of heating up significantly when they come into contact with the atmospheric air, which leads to a further increase in the temperature of the weather. But air has the peculiarity that it continues to expand, namely by 1/278 of its volume at zero degrees Celsius for every degree of warming. Due to the increase in temperature in the weather, downweather also has a higher proportion of water vapor stored than fresh weather. Exceptions are particularly hot days in summer, as the weather can even be cooled in the pit. This means that the weather can be cooler than the fresh weather and the water vapor condenses out of the air. Normally, every cubic meter of weather discharges around eleven grams of water from the mine.

Further use

As a rule, it is safe to stay in the downweather stream. Only if there are toxic gases or non-breathable gases in concentrations that are dangerous for humans due to mine fires or other events in the downweather stream, staying in the downweather is dangerous. However, the work in the warm weather is much more strenuous for the miner due to the high humidity and leads to fatigue more quickly. Mixing small amounts of weather, for example from special weathered pits, to the fresh weather stream is usually unproblematic. However, the flow of weather from larger mine workings in which there is bad weather may not be routed through so-called occupancy sites. When ventilating such gasified mine workings, the entrances to the exhaust air flow of these mine workings must not be entered. The ventilating of other operations, in particular of mining operations , with the weathering from robbery operations must be avoided. In order to keep the radon exposure of miners working in the weather area as low as possible, it is necessary to minimize the concentration of radon in the weather. This is usually done through a combined suction and blowing ventilation . Where it is necessary to further minimize radon exposure, pure blowing ventilation is used.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  2. ^ A b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1961.
  4. ^ A b Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining history. 6th improved edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903.
  5. ↑ Bernd Leißring: Radon protection problems in geological / mining-influenced locations : In: 9. Sächsischer Radonag . Competence center for research and development for radon-safe building and renovation eV (Ed.), Druck Lichtpaus- und Kopierstudio Dresden, Dresden 2015, pp. 29–35.
  6. ↑ a b B. Leißring, N. Leißring: Aspects of the connection between bypassed old mining under built-up areas and radon protection . In: 7th Altbergbau Colloquium . Freiberg 2007, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2007, pp. 79-88.
  7. ^ Emil Stöhr, Emil Treptow: Basics of mining science including processing. Spielhagen & Schurich publishing house, Vienna 1892.
  8. ↑ Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, fifth improved edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1923.
  9. ↑ Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. Second volume, 4th improved edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884.
  10. ↑ Mining Ordinance for all mining areas (General Federal Mining Ordinance-ABBBergV) Online (accessed on May 18, 2012; PDF; 145 kB).
  11. ↑ Guidelines for fire protection in underground hard coal mining from December 19, 2001 Online (accessed on May 18, 2011).
  12. ^ A. Hiller, W. Schuppan, I. Krejny: Mining in Saxony . Volume 14, Geology and Uranium Mining in the Schlema-Alberoda Revier, Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology [LFUG] (Ed.), Druck Union Druckerei, Freiberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811421-3-6 , p. 148.
  13. ^ Helmut Tonndorf: Mining in Saxony . Volume 7, The Königsstein uranium deposit, Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology [LFUG] (Ed.), Druckhaus Dresden GmbH, Dresden 1999, p. 186.