United Helene & Amalie colliery

Colliery Helene
General information about the mine
Administration and office building designed by the architect Edmund Körner
Funding / year	up to 1,658,226 t
Information about the mining company
Employees	up to 6367
Start of operation	1873
End of operation	1965
Successor use	Amalie colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 28 '56 "  N , 7 ° 1' 9"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 '56 "  N , 7 ° 1' 9"  E
Location Helene colliery
Location	Elderly food
local community	eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	eat
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The United Helene & Amalie colliery is a former coal mine in Essen - Altenessen . The mine was also known under the names Zeche Vereinigte Helena & Amalie , Zeche Vereinigte Helene & Amalia and Zeche Vereinigte Helene Amalie . The Helene & Amalie colliery was one of the first marl mines in the Ruhr area . The Helene and Amalie colliery union was one of the founding members of the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate . In addition, the mine was one of the founding members of the Association for Mining Interests. The United Helene & Amalie colliery was one of the most important mines in the Düsseldorf administrative district in the second half of the 19th century.

history

The beginnings

On September 4th, 1839, Georg Friedrich Wülbern applied to the Essen-Werden Mining Authority for a prospecting license for the area between the pit of the Friederika colliery and the right bank of the Herbrügger Mühlenbach. Wülbern wanted to dig for coal in the specified area. The prospect's license was issued on September 7th of the same year. On November 10th of the same year, the first mutation well was sunk near the tunnel of the Schölerpad colliery . This first mutation bore was already successful, because at a depth of 17 pools a coal seam with a thickness of 40 inches was opened up. On the following day, the courage for the United Helena & Amalia square was entered . As Muter which entered trades GF Wülbern on. On May 8, 1840, another prospecting license was issued and then a second mutation well was sunk. This second well was drilled west of Segeroth and used it to drill a seam 72 inches thick at a depth of 35 7/8 pools. A mutation was also placed on this seam after drilling. The sinking work for the Amalia shaft began that same year . The shaft was set up on the second borehole in Altendorf on Zollstrasse and had a rectangular cross-section of 140 X 76 inches. Since there was flowing sand in the area of ​​the shaft starting point , the shaft was sunk in a sink wall . The shaft was later given the name Alte Zeche Helene & Amalie. In 1842, the shaft reached at a depth of 75 meters carbon . The seam of the find was opened up and a horizontal stretch was excavated in the seam . In addition, this year a crosscut to the south was set at a depth of 96 meters . In the same year, a hoisting machine with an output of 40 hp was installed. The machine was put into operation in the same year without a mining authority permit. On October 20 of the same year, the machine was temporarily shut down by order of the mining authorities . The mine was inspected on February 28, 1843 . In the same year, the first level was set at a depth of 117 meters (−59 m above sea ​​level ) and the second level at a depth of 159 meters (−101 m above sea level). In July of the same year with the promotion started. In the same year, the United Helene & Amalie Aline mine fields were awarded to GF Wülbern . The construction of a coking plant began. Towards the end of the year, the Catharina II field was awarded to Wilhelm Eigen.

The first years of operation

On April 22nd, 1844 , the Geviertfelder Vereinigte Helene & Amalia, Aline and Catharina II consolidated into Vereinigte Helene & Amalie. On July 26th of the same year , Count von Beust drove into the mine. Von Beust was impressed by the mine’s high-pressure hoisting machine , which was equipped with a multi-storey basket conveyor and was able to convey two eight 8 bushel conveying vessels at once. Beust was also pleased with the good quality of the coke produced , which was sufficiently large and durable. On November 30th of the same year, a change in the management of the trades was planned. The following year the union of the United Helene and Amalie coal mine was founded. Friedrich Wilhelm Waldthausen became the union's representative . Towards the end of 1846 the Geviertfeld Heiterkeit was awarded to Wilhelm Waldthausen. In 1850, the sinking work for a second shaft began. The shaft was set up about 300 meters south of the old shaft at the corner of Helenenstrasse and Pferdebahnstrasse. This shaft was called Neue Zeche Helene & Amalie. In the same year the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 59 meters. In 1852 the first level was set in the new shaft at a depth of 90 meters (−31 m above sea level) and in the course of the year the second level was set at a depth of 159 meters (−100 m above sea level). In the following year, the second shaft was given a siding to the Cologne-Mindenen Railway. At that time the mine was part of the Essen Mining Authority. In 1854 the new shaft became a production shaft and the old shaft became a weather shaft. In the following year, a drainage machine was installed on the new shaft . The machine had a cylinder diameter of 86 inches. In 1856, the third level was set in the new shaft at a depth of 225 meters (−167 m above sea level). In the same year, construction of a new hoisting machine began on the new shaft . The construction of the foundations was completed towards the end of the same year. On the second excavation level , the cross passages to the south and north were driven around several puddles. There was only too little inflow of mine water . After the foundations for the new hoisting machine had been completed for days , the assembly of the new hoisting machine could begin. Before that, the old machine had to be dismantled.

The new steam powered winder was installed in 1857. The machine was in a building, it had an output of 250 hp . Two drums were used as rope carriers . There was a flywheel between the two cable drums . The machine was put into operation in the same year. In addition, the Ceres square was awarded this year. On the 3rd level, the most important seams have already been opened up via the crosscut to the south and the crosscut to the north. In 1858 the square was awarded to Pluto, which means that the right now includes 5½ fields. In the same year, the shaft pumps were installed in the new shaft. Alignment work continued rapidly underground . In 1859 the Pluto and Ceres fields were consolidated with the United Helene and Amalie field. In 1861, the Dreckherrenbank seam was approached on the first underground level with the southern cross passage. The excavation took place on the first and the second underground level. At that time the mine was part of the Frohnhausen mining area . In the same year, a field swap was carried out with the Neuschölerpad colliery . In 1862 the Wiehagen, Rieckenbank and Nettelkönig seams were crossed to the north on the second underground excavation level. The cross passage to the south was driven further by 23 Lachter. The fixture work on the second underground level continued quickly. The basic lines on both the first and the second excavation level continued to be operated. Dismantling continued on both civil engineering levels. In the following year, on the second level, a 72 Lachter cross passage to the east of the main cross passage was driven in a southerly direction. Another cross passage was driven to the north and south. In 1865 a main weather section was excavated at the level of the Rieckenbank seam. The line had a cross-section of 30 square feet and was penetrated by the old shaft in the same year . The direct connection to the Essen-Oberrath Railway was prepared above ground. In 1866 the old legal union, United Helene and Amalie, was transformed into a new legal union with 1000 Kuxen .

The other years of operation

In 1867, the mechanical line conveyor was started. However, the installation only extended to the third level. In the same year, a field exchange was made with the Cologne Mining Association. After this exchange of field parts, the rights now covered an area of ​​5.37 km². In 1868, work on the mechanical route conveyance was continued. The following year there was a defect in the drainage system . The malfunction was caused by a break in the drainage machine. Due to this defect, the pits sagged and had to be swamped . This led to considerable disruptions in production. In the same year, construction of a coking plant started above days. The site at the Amalie shaft was used as the site. In 1870, the sinking work for a third shaft began. The shaft was set up in the eastern part of the field south of Altenessen, west of Twentmannstrasse. The shaft was named Schacht Helene. The shaft was successfully sunk through the upper layers. The devil work had to be interrupted due to the shortage of workers caused by the outbreak of war . A Rexroth coal washing machine with four type boxes was built above ground at the Amalie shaft . In addition, a twin hoisting machine with spiral drums was installed at the shaft. The following year, the Helene shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 97 meters. In the same year, the coking plant at the new Amalie shaft went into operation. The coking plant was further expanded in the following years. In 1872 the first level was set in the Helene shaft at a depth of 150 meters (−91 m above sea level). The second level was not set, but the third level was set in 1873 at a depth of 215 meters (−156 m above sea level). In the same year, a Malakow tower was built over the shaft at the Helene shaft . In the same year, the Helene shaft was able to start mining. In 1875 the 4th level was set in the Helene shaft at a depth of 280 meters (−221 m above sea level). In the same year, the fourth level was set in the Amalie shaft at a depth of 324 meters (−265 m NN). Construction work began on a coking plant on the premises of Schacht Helene. When the foundations were excavated , the remains of a burial site from the Franconian era were uncovered. In the following year there was a water breakthrough in the Amalie construction site, during which the 4th level temporarily flooded . The water came from the mine workings of the already closed Neuschölerpad colliery. In addition, the coking plant at Schacht Helene was built that year. In 1878 a breakthrough was made between the Helene and Amalie construction sites. In 1879 the 5th level was set in the Amalie shaft at a depth of 410 meters (−352 m above sea level).

From 1880 the mine had almost reached the size of the neighboring mines Bonifacius and Cölner Bergwerks-Verein. On February 7, 1882, there was a firedamp explosion in the mine , killing three miners . In 1883 the 5th level was set in the Helene shaft at a depth of 353 meters (−294 m above sea level). After Friedrich Wilhelm Waldthausen died, Wilhelm Sonnenschein took over the chairmanship of the mining board in 1887. Under his leadership, the expansion of the two facilities made good progress. In 1890, the rightful area comprised six square fields. In 1892, operations on Amalie had to be stopped for four weeks due to a defect in the hoisting machine. A steel headframe was erected above the Amalie shaft this year. In 1894, the 6th level was set in the Helene shaft at a depth of 466 meters (−407 m above sea level). The following year sinking work on the Amalie shaft resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. At about the same time, the 6th level was set by cutting off at a depth of 548 meters (−489 m above sea level). In 1896 the Amalie shaft was completed to the 6th level. In 1897, a new coal washing plant was put into operation on the Amalie mine. The plant had an hourly throughput of 100 tons of raw coal. In the same year, a machine hall for the electrical lighting system was built on the Schacht Helene factory premises. The mine was now part of the West-Essen mining area. In 1898, the sinking work for the Bertha shaft began. The shaft was set up only a few meters from the Helene shaft and was to be used as a weather shaft. In the Amalie shaft construction site, a total of eleven seams were in operation , one of which was with tailings , the other ten seams were made of pure coal. The thickness of the seams was between 0.65 and 1.5 meters, in the case of the seam with rock material the thickness of the rock material was between 0.5 and 0.6 meters. A total of 18 seams with a thickness of 0.7 to 1.8 meters were under construction on the construction site of the Helene shaft, six of which were seams with mining components, the other twelve seams were made of pure coal. In the case of the seams with rock material, the thickness of the rock material was between 0.05 and 0.15 meters. In 1900 a breakthrough was made between the fields of Amalie and Helene. In the same year, the Bertha shaft went into operation up to the third level. In the following year, mining began in the Bertha shaft. The Helene / Bertha part of the business had now been expanded into a double shaft system.

The further expansion of the mine

In 1902 a steel headframe was erected over the Helene shaft . In 1903, the excavation work on the Amalie shaft continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1904, the sinking work for a new shaft began. The shaft, which was initially called the Amalie II shaft, was added next to the Amalie shaft. In the same year, the 7th level was set in the Amalie shaft at a depth of 678 meters (−620 m above sea level). In addition, the excavation work on the Helene shaft was continued that year and the shaft was sunk deeper. This year Otto Krawehl took over the management of the mining board. In 1905, a partial bottom of the 7th level was set in the Helene shaft at a depth of 570 meters (−511 m above sea level). The Bertha weather shaft was put into operation this year up to the 4th level. In 1906 the Amalie II shaft was penetrated with the 5th level. In 1907 the shaft was equipped with a Klönne headframe. In the same year Schacht Amalie received a new hoisting machine. The machine that was built by Gutehoffnungshütte was a twin tandem machine. A traction sheave served as a cable carrier . In 1908 the Amalie II shaft was completed up to the 7th level. In the same year the shaft was taken into production. As a result, this part of the operation had now also been expanded into a double shaft system. In the same year, the sinking work on the Bertha shaft was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year the shaft reached the 5th level. In 1909, extensive tests were carried out on the Amalie shaft hoisting machine. The behavior of the machine in normal operation and when overdriving was checked. In 1910 the Bertha shaft broke through with the 6th level. In the same year, a briquette factory was put into operation on the Amalie branch and benzene production began on the Helene branch . In 1915, the sinking work on the Bertha shaft was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the following year the shaft reached the 8th level. In 1919 the first underground construction shaft on Zollstrasse was filled . In the same year, the Amalie shaft was expanded into a weather shaft. In the following year, from the Helene construction site on the 7th level, the excavation of a straightening section to the Amalie construction site began. On August 20, 1921, there was a coal dust explosion in the mine , in which twelve miners lost their lives. In the same year a syndicate of interests was signed between the Zeche Ver. Helene & Amalie and Friedrich Krupp AG .

The last few years

In 1922, the two construction fields Helene and Amalie were connected to each other on the 7th level. The sinking work for the Barbara shaft began that same year. The shaft should go into operation as a production shaft. It was set up 1.3 kilometers northeast of the Amalie shaft. On May 31 of the same year, there was a coal dust explosion on Amalie, in which 24 miners were killed. In 1924 the Barbara shaft was completed. The shaft penetrated through to the third level and was used as a weather shaft for both construction sites. In 1926, the sinking work on the Bertha shaft was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year, the 8th level was set at a depth of 808 meters (−749 m above sea level). The Barbara weather shaft was put into operation in the same year up to the 8th level. From 1927 the Amalie and Helene mines were completely taken over by Krupp and continued in the Friedrich Krupp AG Bergwerke Essen . In the following years, the coal mining of the Essen Krupp-Zechen Ver. Sälzer & Neuack , Amalie and Helene reorganized. The Ver. Helene & Amalie was split up; the Amalie mine with Ver. Sälzer & Neuack the Sälzer-Amalie colliery . The bill Helene was henceforth operate as a separate conveyor system. In 1931 the Helene weather shaft was put into operation up to the 8th level. In 1941 the Helene weather shaft was put into operation up to the 9th level. After the mine was badly damaged in World War II , operations started up again in 1945. In 1955 the mine became the property of Bergwerke Essen-Rossenray AG , the successor company to the Krupp subsidiaries. In the following year, the 9th level became the main production level. In 1957 a breakthrough was made on the 9th level with the Sälzer-Amalie colliery. The coking plant was shut down on May 31, 1963. On July 1, 1965, the mine was closed; the construction site was added to the Amalie colliery.

Promotion and workforce

Good, lumpy coal was extracted from the mine . The first production figures of the mine come from the year 1844, in that year 11,418 tons of hard coal were produced . The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1850, in that year 351 people were employed at the mine, producing 227,916 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1860, 494 employees produced 571,064 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1866, 714 employees produced 836,785 tons of Prussian hard coal. In 1870 the workforce was 738, the production amounted to 169,095 tons of hard coal. In 1875, 849 employees produced 250,995 tons of hard coal. In 1880, 327,820 tons of hard coal were extracted. The workforce was 1021 this year. The mine developed very promisingly and was able to show an annual production of 548,257 coal as early as 1890. This promotion was achieved with 2086 employees. In addition to fat coal, gas and gas flame coal was also extracted from the mine. In 1900 the production rose to 804,137 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 2930 employees. In 1910 the production rose again to 817,891 tons, the workforce was 2970 employees. In 1920, 854,295 tonnes of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 4084. In 1925 the production rose to 980,675 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 4304 employees. In 1927 the one million tons mark was exceeded. This year, 1,658,226 tons of hard coal were mined with 6,367 employees. In 1935 around 1.54 million tons of hard coal were mined with 3770 employees. In 1963, 1415 people were still employed at the mine; 713,490 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Current condition

After the final shutdown, the two shafts were filled and the daytime facilities were demolished. Some buildings in the former entrance area have been preserved, including an administration and chew building by Edmund Körner built in 1927 . In 1983 this building was placed under monument protection and after 1989 it was restored and re-used as part of the IBA Emscher Park . The colliery site was initially made available as a route area for a continuation of the federal motorway 52 . After this plan was rejected , the area is now open to the public as Helenenpark .

literature

• Andreas Stanicki: The administration building of the Helene colliery in Essen-Altenessen (= Rheinische Kunststätten . Issue 364). Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection, Neuss 1991, ISBN 3-88094-667-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as} Joachim Huske : Die Coal mine in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Walter Buschmann : Collieries and coking plants in the Rhenish coal industry, Aachen area and western Ruhr area. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-7861-1963-5 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhrbergbau. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
4. ↑ H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Hans Spethmann: The first small marls in the Ruhr area. Essen and Lübeck 1947
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Günter Streich, Corneel Voigt: Mining Dominants in the area. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Verlag Beleke KG, Nobel-Verlag GmbH, Essen 1999, ISBN 3-922785-58-1 .
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} Manfred Rasch , Gerald D. Feldman (eds.): August Thyssen and Hugo Stinnes. An exchange of letters 1898–1922, Verlag CH Beck oHG, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-49637-7 .
8. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
9. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Second volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1855
10. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1858.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858.
12. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860.
13. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862.
14. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863
15. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Twelfth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1864.
16. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866
17. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1868
18. ↑ ^{a b} Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870
19. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume nineteenth, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1871
20. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898
21. ^ Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century. Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902
22. ↑ ^{a b} Test committee for hoisting machines: Investigations on electrically and steam powered hoisting machines. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Volume 47, No. 47, Essen 1911, pp. 1832–1838
23. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874
24. ^ Royal Statistical Bureau in Berlin (ed.): Prussian Statistics XIII . Comparative overview of the course of industry, trade and traffic in the Prussian state 1866. Verlag Ernst Kuehn's statistical Separat-Conto, Berlin 1868
25. ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF; 496 kB); Retrieved January 5, 2017
26. ^ City of Essen Office for Geoinformation, Surveying and Cadastre (Ed.): Krupp Tour Bicycle Map. Settlements, buildings, memorials, food

Web links

Commons : Zeche Helene (Essen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of this sight on the route of industrial culturehttp: //vorlage.rik.test/~5~10527

Remarks

1. ↑ The mines in the Ruhr area were named as marl mines which, when mining expanded to the north in the first half of the 19th century, penetrated the overlying marl with their shafts. (Source: Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. )