Sterkrade colliery

Sterkrade colliery
General information about the mine
Headframe Sterkrade Colliery 2013
Funding / year	Max. 663,143 t
Information about the mining company
Employees	Max. 2815
Start of operation	1903
End of operation	1933
Successor use	Osterfeld colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 31 '11 "  N , 6 ° 50' 12"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '11 "  N , 6 ° 50' 12"  E
Location Sterkrade colliery
Location	Sterkrade
local community	Oberhausen
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	Oberhausen
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The Sterkrade colliery was a hard coal mine in Oberhausen - Sterkrade . The mine was located in the Oberhausen field of the Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) . The daytime facilities of the mine were located on today's Von-Trotha Strasse. The mine was in operation for around 30 years.

history

planning

Due to the boom in Germany in the 1890s, the iron and steel works of the Gutehoffnungshütte were at full capacity. Because of this situation, the GHH felt compelled to adapt its own coal production to the growing demand. It was therefore decided to plan two new mines in the mayor's office in Sterkrade.

The construction of the mine

The first shaft was in 1897 under the name Constanzia in Sterkrade near the station Sterkrade set . Before the shaft could be sunk, the site was first leveled and a boiler house and a machine house were built. Initially, the workers' changing rooms and offices were housed in the buildings. At the beginning of 1898 an abyssal tower and an electrically operated conveyor reel were installed. The shaft was Constanzia with a shaft diameter of 5.1 meters drilled . Since there were unusually high water inflows in the area in which the shaft was built, the first few meters were sunk using an air lock. The shaft was then further sunk using the cesspool method . In 1899 the shaft reached a depth of 199 meters. The headframe for shaft 1 was erected in the same year . The headframe was initially intended for the Hugo shaft. However, since this shaft broke due to an ingress of floating sand , the board of GHH decided on the changed use. In 1901 the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 278 meters. - In 1902 was at a depth of 296 meters (135 m NN the first) sole and 300-meter sole, called set. In the same year, the second level was set at a depth of 362 meters. In addition, in 1902, shaft 2 was sunk next to shaft 1. The distance between the two shafts was around 85 meters. For the sinking work, the sinking structure of shaft 1, which has now become vacant, was used. On November 26 of the same year there was an accident during blasting work , in which three miners were killed.

At the end of 1902 was one in the shaft 1 punch , with an in advance of the Zeche Osterfeld ascended route created. At the beginning of 1903, the daytime facilities, consisting of the office building, wash house , processing , shaft conveyor and shaft hall, were ready for operation. The lamp room was connected to the laundry room . So that the miners lost little time on arrival and departure, both rooms were designed according to the latest experience. In addition, a crew channel was built between the chew building and the shaft hall. This enabled the miners to reach the shaft protected from the weather and were also protected from a rapid temperature change after the exit. A main conveyor system and a secondary conveyor system were available for shaft 1. The main conveyor system had a drum winder , the cable cage had a diameter of 8.5 meters. The secondary conveyor system was designed as a traction sheave conveyor . Shaft 2 was equipped with a secondary conveyor system, which was also equipped with a traction sheave conveyor. In the same year the Sterkrade colliery became an independent mine.

Operation of the mine

The Sterkrade colliery, approx. 1910–1913

In 1903 the Sterkrade colliery went into operation. The first coal mine power plant was built in the same year . The power plant consisted of two generators driven by steam turbines, each with an output of 475 kilowatts. In addition, a generator equipped with a high-pressure turbine was operated, which had an output of 1.5 megawatts. A twin compressor powered by a piston steam engine was used to provide the compressed air required . The power plant's machines (generators, compressors and steam boilers) were installed in separate buildings. Regular extraction began in May 1903. The coal was extracted with a wedge hoe . The coal mined initially only covered the mine’s own needs. The mine did not initially operate its own dewatering . The pit water from the southern part of the field was led underground to the Osterfeld mine. The water from the rest of the field was diverted to the Hugo colliery. At the two mines, the pit water was pumped over the surface. In 1904, shaft 1 was sunk deeper. This year the first coal mined could already be made available for outside sales. In 1905 the fourth level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 563 meters (- 522 m above sea level). In the following year, shaft 2 was penetrated with the second level. Two pit ventilators were installed at shaft 2 , which together could suck out 12,000 cubic meters of weather per minute . The properties of the Sterkrader coals to consider were on the coking carried out with these coals of the colliery Osterfeld Verkokungsversuche. The tests showed that the coal from the Sterkrade colliery was well suited for coking. From 1907 a coking plant with a coal recovery plant was operated on the plant. In addition to coke , the coking plant also produced tar and ammonia . The coking plant consisted of two coke oven batteries, each with 60 sub-burner ovens. Together, the two coke batteries delivered 570 tons of coke a day. The coke oven gas produced was used in two steam boilers. In order to supply the coke ovens with coal, the coal washer operated a cable car between the coal washer and the coke ovens. Another cable car was operated between the coal washer and the mine dump, so that the piles of washing produced during processing could then be transported to the mine dump. In 1909, an underground breakthrough was made in the neighboring Hugo colliery to optimize weather management. In addition, a turbo compressor was put into operation that year , which was driven by an exhaust steam turbine . From this point on, the two reciprocating compressors were kept as reserve machines.

To track promotion to improve the plant management was planning a change of route promotion, previous funding in place with pit horses were driven by compressed air Grubenloks be used. In order to realize this project, a high pressure compressor was put into operation. In 1911, the first locomotives powered by compressed air were used on the second level. In addition, a 30 meter deep flushing shaft was sunk this year next to shaft 2. Tests underground were carried out to determine how the handful offset could be replaced by the flush offset. The flushing shaft was used to prepare the sand-water mixture required for flushing. However, the flushing offset method, although cheaper than manual offset, could not prevail at the Sterkrade colliery because the miners entrusted with the work were completely soaked through at work. Further renovations were also carried out above ground. In 1912, a steel strut frame was installed at shaft 2. The shaft hall was also assembled from a steel framework. In 1915 work began on replacing the old coal mine power plant with a new one. At this power plant, the steam boilers, compressors and generators were all in one building. The old flame tube boilers were replaced by eight more modern traveling grate boilers . The two small 475 kilowatt generators were replaced by a turbo generator with an output of 6000 kilowatts. In 1921, a main conveyor system was put into operation at shaft 2 . By 1922, the Sterkrade colliery was connected to the GHH power ring network. In 1925 a tar distillation was installed on the mine. Here the raw tar from the Jacobi, Sterkrade, Osterfeld and Vondern coking plants was processed into benzene , tar oil , naphthalene and pitch . In the mining operations, the extraction of coal was changed from extraction using a wedge pick to extraction using a hammer . In the struts , the coal extracted was conveyed via vibrating chutes ; in the mining sections , the coal was conveyed to the bottom using rubber belt conveyors. The longwall construction was gradually converted from timber construction to steel construction.

The last few years until the shutdown

In 1930 and 1931 there were considerable drops in sales of coal and coke. During the global economic crisis , Gutehoffnungshütte carried out extensive rationalization measures for its conveyor systems in the Oberhausen area. On April 1, 1931, the mine field of the closed Hugo Haniel colliery was taken over. The Hugo shaft reaching up to the 4th level was used as a weather shaft. On June 10th of the same year the coking plant of the Sterkrade colliery was shut down. The Osterfeld colliery's coking plant, which has since been expanded, took over the tasks of the Sterkrade coking plant from that point on. By a further resolution of the GHH board of directors, the Sterkrade colliery was shut down as a conveyor system on February 1, 1933 and assigned to the Osterfeld colliery as an external shaft. The dismantling in the construction site of the Sterkrade colliery has now been carried out by the Osterfeld colliery. From then on, the Sterkrader shafts were used for cable travel and ventilation. In the mid-1930s, the pumps for drainage were moved from the Hugo colliery to the Sterkrade colliery. The tar distillation was expanded to double its capacity in 1938. In 1971 the Sterkrader shafts were renamed Osterfeld 5 (Sterkrade 1) and Osterfeld 6 (Sterkrade 2). In 1995 the shafts were abandoned and filled . Of the entire daytime facilities of the Sterkrade colliery, the two strut frames, the machine houses and the chew building were considered worthy of preservation in terms of monument preservation. The system was later demolished, with the exception of the shaft structure of shaft 1 and the shaft hall.

Continued use after decommissioning

As early as the 1920s, more and more skilled workers were needed due to increased mechanization. Since the GHH could no longer recruit the skilled workers it needed on the free labor market, it was decided to train the skilled workers it needed itself. After the shutdown of the Sterkrade colliery, the board decided to build a training workshop, training rooms, offices and a large dining room on the former coking plant site of the mine. This is where the miners who were needed at the GHH mines (Osterfeld and Jacobi ) that were still active were trained. From 1961, high-voltage electricians were also trained in the training workshops. After the Lohberg and Osterfeld mines were merged in 1989, the Sterkrade training center was gradually moved to the Lohberg mine. On June 30, 1992, the Sterkrade training center was closed. The 19 trainees still in training completed their training at the Lohberg colliery site .

Promotion and workforce

The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1897, when 38 miners were employed at the mine. In 1900 there were 45 miners working on the mine. The first production figures come from 1904, around 70,000 tons of hard coal were produced that year. The number of employees this year was 475. In 1905, 797 miners extracted 223,348 tons of hard coal. In 1910 there were 1724 employees in the mine, the production amounted to 491,260 tons of hard coal. In 1913 the 500,000 ton mark was exceeded for the first time. This year around 587,000 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 1835 employees. In 1914, 500,000 tons of hard coal were mined, the number of employees was 1920. In 1915 the production sank again below the mark of 0.5 million tons. This year 450,603 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 2047 employees. In 1920, the Sterkrade colliery employed 2,268 people, with 419,029 tons of hard coal being extracted. The highest number of employees was reached in 1922, in that year 2815 miners were employed in the mine. In 1925 530,876 tons of hard coal were mined, the number of employees was 2414 employees. In 1929 the maximum production of the mine was achieved with 663,143 tons. The workforce was 2324 employees. In 1930 there were still 1808 employees on the mine, the production amounted to 488,564 tons of hard coal. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1932, with 1201 miners producing 424,732 tons of hard coal.

Current condition

Today the headframe over shaft 1 of the Sterkrade colliery has been preserved. Along with the Carolinenglück 3 shaft structure in Bochum, it is the last remaining Zschetzsche type scaffolding . The headframe is considered an industrial monument and is owned by the Foundation for the Preservation of Industrial Monuments and History .

gallery

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  The colliery around 1920

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  SchachtZezeichen above the Sterkrade colliery May 2010

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  Shaft mark on the headframe May 2010

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  Strut frame of the headframe after repainting in July 2013

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  Industrial monument Sterkrade colliery in March 2020

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  Monument to the former forced labor camp at the Sterkrade colliery

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Fr. Frölich: The Gutehoffnungshütte Oberhausen. Second book, The works of the Gutehoffnungshütte according to the status of the year 1910. In memory of the 100th anniversary 1810–1910
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Fritz Pamp: The Sterkrade colliery. Its development up to the association with the Osterfeld colliery in 1933 . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 19, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen June 2011, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition, Verlag Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster KG, Königstein i. Taunus, 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
6. ^ Fritz Pamp: The Osterfeld colliery; The development of the mine up to its closure in 1992 . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 15, Walter Perspektiven, Oberhausen June 2010, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6.
7. ^ Fritz Pamp: The Sterkrade colliery. The training center on the former coking plant site from 1938 to 1992 . In: Osterfelder Bürgerring. (Ed.): Der Kickenberg, Osterfelder Heimatblatt. No. 20, Walter Perspektiven GmbH, Oberhausen September 2011, ISSN  1864-7294 , pp. 4-6

Web links

Commons : Zeche Sterkrade  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of this sight on the route of industrial culturehttp: //vorlage.rik.test/~4~10430