Traction sheave conveyance

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Traction sheave carrier side view

The traction sheave promoting (also Koepeförderung ) is a form of a shaft winding system in which a traction sheave as cable carrier is used, it is named after its inventor Carl Friedrich Koepe also called Koepe promotion.

history

Due to the increase in the depths of conveyance and the load volumes, conventional drum conveyance reached its safety and economic limits in the middle of the 19th century. The weight of the rope was particularly noticeable. As a result, the drum winding machines became bigger and heavier. The German mining engineer Carl Friedrich Koepe solved this problem with the drive pulley named after him, which he patented in 1877. The first traction sheave built was used at the Hannover colliery and had a diameter of 7.3 meters. It also served as the flywheel of a single-cylinder steam engine. On the side of the traction sheave was an oak wreath, in which a rope groove was incorporated, which served to guide the hauling rope and to improve rope adhesion. Due to its advantages, technical experts soon became aware of this type of shaft extraction . As early as the beginning of the 20th century, the machine inspector Baumann was of the opinion that traction sheave conveyance with a lined traction sheave is possible for all depths .

Layout and function

Traction sheave conveyance

The use of only one rope is characteristic for traction sheave conveyance. Here, the hoisting rope is guided over the traction sheave (Koepescheibe) to the hoisting cages, which are attached to the hoisting rope. The power transmission from the traction sheave to the hoisting rope takes place only by frictional engagement . As the depth increases, the weight of the upper rope becomes more and more important. To compensate for the weight of the rope, a lower rope must be attached under the baskets. Without this, the upper rope would slip on the traction sheave due to its own weight . Due to the different load in the two strands , it is still on the drive pulley for rope walking . If only one conveyor cage is used (large cage or with small shaft cross-sections), a counterweight (counterweight) must be available to compensate for the cage weight, which can be made long but narrow. The counterweight is dimensioned so that it compensates for the weight of the conveyor cage and the weight of half the payload. At greater depths, the multi-rope technique with up to eight hoisting ropes is used more and more. Due to the load distribution, thinner hoisting ropes and smaller rope carriers can be used. Since thinner ropes are more flexible than thick ropes, multi- rope technology also offers greater security against rope breakage . Traction sheave conveyors are designed both as floor conveyors and as tower conveyors. So that the basket does not rock hard while it is drifting and thus start to spin, it must be guided in the shaft. There are three methods of guide rail guidance , rope guidance and corner guidance .

Tension in the haul rope

The hoisting rope is subject to increasing tension with every hoist train. The critical point here is the connection between the upper and lower ropes with the conveyor cage, the so-called rope binding . When conveying the traction sheave, the rope binding is more heavily loaded due to the weight of the lower rope than when conveying the drum.

restrictions

Principle of traction sheave conveyance

Economical operation is possible with simple traction sheave conveyor systems at depths of up to 1600 meters. If this limit depth is exceeded, economic operation is only possible with drum conveyors or multi- rope conveyors . The reason for this is the great weight of the lower rope. Due to the weight of the lower rope, the swelling stresses in the upper rope increase rapidly with greater depth. An increasing threshold voltage leads to a rapid shortening of the rope service life at a high total stress level. The possibility of reducing the payload is given, but leads to a severe restriction in the use of the conveyor system. For this reason, traction sheave conveyance is only suitable to a very limited extent for very great depths. But even for depths of less than 250 meters, traction sheave conveyance is a poor option under certain circumstances. This is due to the fact that due to the lower weight of the rope, the frictional forces on the traction sheave are smaller. In order to compensate for the lower weight of the rope, the weights of the funds must be increased accordingly.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are both advantages and disadvantages to traction sheave conveyance. The protection of the rope is a great advantage. This is because the hauling rope does not have to be deflected. Another advantage of traction sheave conveyance is the lower space requirement of the conveying machine . Also, due to the slipping of the hoisting rope when the cage is seated, a high level of operational safety is guaranteed. In addition, there is the low power requirement of the hoisting machine (favorable in terms of energy technology) because only the difference between the conveyed goods and the counterweight has to be moved. A disadvantage of traction sheave conveyance is that the rope slips on the traction sheave. This can lead to an adjustment of the depth indicator. Another disadvantage of this type of construction is that two baskets can only be used for conveying from one base or that they cannot be loaded at the same time. It is also disadvantageous that in the event of a rope break, both conveying vessels fall into the shaft so that they cannot be intercepted by a safety gear.

literature

  • Hugo Hoffmann, Carl Hoffmann: Textbook of mining machines (power and work machines). 3. Edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1941.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Technical requirements for shaft and inclined conveyor systems. (TAS). Verlag Hermann Bellmann, Dortmund 2005.
  2. ^ Fritz Schmidt: 50 years of co-funding. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 35, 64th year, September 1, 1928, pp. 1173–1179.
  3. ↑ Mine promotion with endless ropes. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 249, 1883, pp. 281-283.
  4. ↑ The promotion with traction sheave In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 51, 41st year, 23 December 1905, pp. 1602–1604.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Hans Bansen (Hrsg.): The mining machines . Third Volume, The Shaft Carriers. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1913, pp. 80–87.
  6. ↑ a b M. Kaufhold: Via main shaft promotion with Koepe disk. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 322, 1907, pp. 753-756.
  7. ^ A b Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining history. 6th improved edition. Published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903.
  8. ↑ a b c Julius Ritter von Hauer: The conveyors of the mines. 3rd increased edition. Published by Arthur Felix, Leipzig 1885.
  9. ^ H. Herbst: Results of the negotiations of the Prussian Ropeway Commission. I. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitschrift. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 2, 61st year, January 10, 1925, p. 34.
  10. ↑ Markus Michael: Investigation of the load-bearing capacity of fiber ropes. 2. Status seminar traction sheave elevator. TU Chemnitz Research Group InnoZu.
  11. ↑ Heinrich Aumund , Fritz Mechtold: Lifting and handling equipment. Basics construction types applications. 5th completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-49223-5 , pp. 503-506.
  12. ↑ Heinz M. Hiersig : Encyclopedia engineering. VDI Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-540-62133-4 .
  13. ^ Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  14. ↑ Adolf Heiland: A contribution to the calculation of the wire ropes. Published by R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1916.
  15. ↑ Kammerer-Charlottenburg: The technology of load handling then and now. Study of the development of hoisting machines and their influence on economic life and cultural history. Printed and published by R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin.
  16. ↑ a b W. Sindern, St. Borowski: Safety considerations on shaft hoisting systems for access to a future deep geological repository. Working report NAB 14-75, National Cooperative for the Storage of Radioactive Waste (Ed.), Wettingen 2014, pp. 35–39.
  17. ^ Paul Burgwinkel: Schachtfördertechnik. RWTH Aachen.
  18. ↑ a b Klaus Nendel, Markus Michael, Thomas Risch: Investigation of the traction ability of high-strength fiber ropes on traction sheaves. Technical article from the Technical University of Chemnitz, Institute for General Mechanical Engineering and Plastics Technology.

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