Shaft guide
When the tray guide is called shaft fittings, which serve to ensure that the goods support stay on track of each shaft run portion. Shaft guides are made either from special woods or from steel.
Basics
If a conveyed goods carrier ( cage , bucket , conveyor barrel ) is moved in the shaft , rope rotations or uneven loading result in lateral pendulum movements of the conveyor vessel and vibrations in the conveyor rope . So that these movements do not become too great, the conveying vessel is forced into the intended track by a guide device. Up until the middle of the 20th century, manhole guides also had the task of holding the hoist when the safety gear activated in the event of a rope break . For this purpose , wooden guide posts , also known as guide trees, had to be used as shaft guides. Depending on the arrangement and shape of the shaft guide, a distinction is made between head, side and corner guides.
Types of shaft routing
Guide rails, guide ropes or angle steels are used to guide the conveyed goods carriers in secular manholes. Rails or other steel profiles are used in barrel-length shafts. The guide devices should ensure a minimum distance of 0.1 meters between the conveying vessels.
Head guide
Head guidance is considered to be the safest guidance. With the head guidance, the goods carriers are guided by means of guide shoes or sets of rollers on the guide rails that are permanently installed in the shaft. The guide shoes or roller sets are located on the head of the bucket. The guide shoes or roller sets are attached between the individual support floors on both sides of the conveyor cage. The number of guide shoes depends on the height of the conveyor cage. With the head guide, the shaft cross-section is best used, for this reason the head guide is also the most commonly used shaft guide. In the case of rack conveyance , the head guide also provides good protection against the rolling of the trolley . However, the disadvantage of this guide is that the guide device for loading the conveyor baskets must be interrupted at the stops. This has a particularly disadvantageous effect when it is necessary to convey from several soles , in particular when the respective conveyor baskets have only low frames or only two supporting floors.
Side guide
With the side guides, guide rails are also used to guide the carrier. In addition to the usual guide rails made of wood or steel, rail guides can also be used as guide rails. The guide devices are located on the side guide on the closed side of the carrier. This shape of the shaft guide is only suitable for carriers with an approximately square cross-section. Since this shaft guide does not have to be interrupted at the soles, the lateral guide is particularly suitable when several soles have to be conveyed. This advantage of the lateral guidance is also used in shafts when narrow, elongated carriers are used. However, two guiding lines are then attached to one side. A special form of lateral guidance is the Briart guidance. This type of shaft guidance is particularly suitable for long and narrow conveyor baskets. In this case, the guide device is only attached to one side, but two guide strands are used here. These guide lines must be made of steel.
Corner guide
The corner guide is used if the guide rod guide has to be interrupted during the head guide in the area of the stops. For this purpose, appropriately dimensioned angle steels are mounted on the stops. The angle steels give the conveyor cage additional lateral stability. This is necessary when pushing on trolleys so that the conveyor cage cannot move sideways during the pushing-on process. This type of shaft guidance is used for both low and high conveyor frames. Corner guides can be installed throughout the shaft as a guide device, in which case the corner guides are used as guide rails in accordance with the guidelines.
Rope guide
With this type of shaft guidance , the goods carriers are guided by means of steel cables that serve as guide cables . The guide ropes are tensioned above and below ground on special rope suspensions. Four ropes must be installed for each carrier and each counterweight. In Abteufanlagen and narrow counterweights only two guide ropes are needed. Since the guide ropes must be tensioned in only two places, and no further abutment is required, accounting required for the mounting of the guide means once Riche . The guide ropes are easy to install and require little maintenance and repair. In dry shafts, the guide ropes last an average of 20 years. Due to the omission of the lines, there is also little resistance to the weather current. The carriers are also guided ideally and smoothly through the shaft. However, the rope guide is only suitable for straight and vertical shafts. Only twist-free ropes are suitable as hauling ropes. There must be a minimum distance of 0.3 meters between the conveying vessels. For this reason, the shaft cross-section is poorly used. In the British mining industry , rope guidance was used with special patent-locked haul ropes. Rope guidance is rarely used in German mining.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e Technical requirements for shaft and inclined conveyor systems (TAS). Verlag Hermann Bellmann, Dortmund 2005.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 10th edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1961.