Kray (food)

Kray district of Essen
Basic data
surface	6.01  km²
Residents	19,897 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates	51 ° 27 '58 "  N , 7 ° 4' 51"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 27 '58 "  N , 7 ° 4' 51"  E
height	60  m
Incorporation	Aug 1, 1929
Spatial assignment
Post Code	45307, 45309
District number	35
district	District VII Steele / Kray
image
former Krayer town hall
Source: City of Essen statistics

Kray is an eastern part of the city of Essen .

location

In the east Kray borders on Essen-Leithe and Bochum , in the north on Gelsenkirchen and Essen-Schonnebeck , in the west on Essen-Frillendorf and in the south on Essen-Steele .

character

The town center, which was built between 1900 and 1915, has remained almost unchanged due to minor war damage. The large market square is in Kray-Nord on Hubertstrasse.

After Kray was a migration area during the industrialization, Krayers emigrated to the USA or Brazil, mostly to the area around Porto Alegre , during the Depression of the 1920s . After the Second World War, refugees from the east found shelter in barracks on the large, now house-built field at the corner of Krayer Strasse / Riddershofstrasse (formerly Wilhelmstrasse) and for a few years in the Krayer youth hall on Marienstraße / A40. Beyond the railway underpass with which Riddershofstrasse ends, is the clubhouse of the socialist youth Die Falken on Wattenscheider Strasse . The sports fields of the Bremberg School are adjacent. Today it is part of the Erich Kästner Comprehensive School.

The Gustav Heinemann barracks in Kray, which borders on the A40 motorway, was sold to Medion AG in 2003 . Opposite is the Essen Technology Park . The headquarters of the Aldi Nord company is located in Eckenbergstrasse .

The Bismarck column , which was designed by the Dresden architect Heinrich Tscharmann , is located on the Mechtenberg .

With the FMK Essen-Kray Show and Wind Orchestra in 1982 , the district has an orchestra that is known beyond the city limits of Essen.

traffic

Former Entrance building of the Essen-Kray Nord train station , exit to the S-Bahn on the left

Essen-Kray has a direct connection to the A40 motorway . It divides the district into Kray-Nord and Kray-Süd. Both districts are traversed in north-south direction by Krayer Straße as the main axis.

The regional train station Essen-Kray Süd has a connection to the rail traffic with the regional train line RB 40 operated by Abellio-Rail NRW. It is located decentrally on the southern edge of Kray on the border with Steele .

There is also the Essen-Kray Nord S-Bahn station with line S2 . It is centrally located at the northern end of the Krayer town center.

Furthermore, the bus routes 144, 146, 155, 166, 170, 194 of the Ruhrbahn run in the district.

Sports

The FC Kray plays in the season 2019/20 in the Oberliga Niederrhein .

In 1924 the Grün-Weiß tennis club was founded, which in 1930 was entered in the register of associations at the Steele district court under the name Grün-Weiß Essen-Kray tennis club .

On December 19, 2014, the swimming pool at Südpark, opened in 1967 and most recently operated by the Essen Sports Association, ceased operations with a steel swimming pool.

history

Kray was first mentioned in a document in 1340. The word is derived from the old Saxon Creia = crow . The old spelling for Kray and Leithe was Craia and Lethe .

coat of arms

Mayor's office Kray-Leithe 1906–29

Kray coat of arms

Blazon : Under a golden (yellow) head of a shield with a black crow with a red beak and a red stand, separated by a wavy line in red, a silver (white) horse prism between two silver (white) roses (from the coat of arms of the Lords of Leithe). The mayor's office in Kray-Leithe had a similar coat of arms in the years 1906–1929, but the heraldry is not entirely correct. Blazon: “Divided into red and gold (yellow), by a blue bar shifted downwards, covered with two silver (white) roses; on top of a golden (yellow) hill a black crow with a silver (white) beak, on the bottom three brown horse rams in a ratio of 2: 1. In the upper coat of arms over a curved sandstone-colored wall, five battlements with red roofs. “The crow is a talking symbol; Kray is derived from the Old Saxon Creia - crow. The roses and the horse rams come from the coat of arms of the Lords of Leithe. The five-pinnacle coat of arms is unusual as it was usually only given to large cities.

Agricultural settlement

According to the land register of Essen, the families Elbert Lühnmann, Schulte zu Schonscheidt, Dietherich Haußmann, Cordt Schlypers, Trine Wittib Buterberg, Johann opn Berg, Georg Bertelik, Johann Dykmann, Dietherich Mechtenbergh, Dietherich Nettelenbusch, Henrich tho Krampay, Johann Eikelenkbusch belonged to the Kray community in 1668 , Claeß in the Wordt, Wirich Hattingk, Johann Ridder, Dietherich Beckmann and Dierich in the temple. A hallway marked Hatting was near the Krayer market.

Before industrialization there was still the Zehnthof in the Krayer area, which is still reminiscent of the street Am Zehnthof , the Beckmannshof previously Riddershof opposite today's post office, which had to give way to the former Sparkasse building in the 1970s. Riddershofstrasse is a reminder of him. The Schulte-Ising and Köllmann farms were in Kray-Leithe. The Isinger Feld is now covered with residential buildings. The water tower is also located here. In Kray-Nord around the Mechtenberg with the Bismarck column were the Brüning and Dieckmann farms. In the direction of Westphalisch-Leithe was the Schulte-Grimberg farm with the air shaft of the Bonifacius colliery . The Mesenhohls Hof was managed by the Mesenhohl family until the Second World War. It then went to the daughter Kathrein Werntgen geb. Mesenhohl. The aviation pioneer Bruno Werntgen practiced on the former airfield between Kray and Rotthausen. The airport was opened on May 25, 1912 on leased land from the old Nienhausen estate and was used until the Second World War (the last young pilot's course, where gliding was practiced, took place in 1940).

Before industrialization, Kray and Leithe did not have their own church. They belonged to the parish of Steele , which was an independent town at that time.

industrialization

Salary hall of the Bonifacius colliery

The establishment of the Bonifacius colliery in 1857 caused the town to flourish. The first miners' colony was founded in 1870, and around 1900 further industrial companies, brickworks and Westdeutsche Eisenwerke AG settled there. There were also suppliers for the mines, such as the Karl Knülle chemical factory, which manufactured cleaning agents for the miners.

Essen-Kray Nord train station opened in 1872 . The post office in Kray was established in 1877. The Catholic St. Barbara Church was consecrated in 1895 and the Kray Süd train station opened a year later . In 1897 the Zeche Centrum in Leithe was sunk for the first time and in the same year the tram line Gelsenkirchen – Rotthausen – Kray – Steele was put into operation.

In 1898 Albert Eckenberg (April 1, 1857 to January 26, 1916) started the founding of Westdeutsche Eisenwerke AG, Kray, which was merged with the Buderus foundry group on May 23, 1919 . This is how the Essen-Kray plant of the Buderus´sche Eisenwerke, Wetzlar / Lahn stock company, was shut down in 1971 when the main product manufactured there, the cast iron bathtub, could no longer compete on the market with the lighter and also much cheaper steel bathtub.

The own voluntary fire brigade was founded on May 31, 1901. Nevertheless, the Achternberg house burned down in 1905. In 1903 the evangelical uniate church was completed according to plans by August Senz . The place belonged to the mayor's office Stoppenberg in 1904 with the places Stoppenberg , Leithe , Huttrop , Katernberg , Schonnebeck , Frillendorf and Rotthausen .

Mayor's office and incorporation

View from the Kray Town Hall to the church tower of St. Barbara

In 1906 the municipalities of Kray and Leithe formed their own mayor's office . The office of mayor was held by Ludwig Kohl from October 1, 1906 to September 1, 1924, and Jacob Weber from March 3, 1926 to September 30, 1929 . The historic Krayer Town Hall on Kamblickweg was built in 1907/1908 as a symbol of independence, it was an expression of the community's prosperity and civic pride. Due to the coal production on the Krayer pits and the resulting tax revenue, the municipality of Kray was one of the richest municipalities in Prussia at that time.

In 1912 Kray-Leithe bought the area on which the Volksgarten was to be built from the owner of the Klüwershof , which was then laid out in 1913 on Ottostraße with two ponds, a playground, football field and lawns.

The two municipalities Kray and Leithe were merged in 1920 to form the enlarged municipality of Kray.

In 1929 Kray and Leithe were incorporated into the city of Essen, despite the negative attitude of the residents, while Rotthausen had already been incorporated into the city of Gelsenkirchen in 1924 .

Kray in National Socialism

The Buderuswerk was converted to war production. At the corner of Kamblickweg / Ottostrasse, across from the historic Kray Town Hall, stood the Braune Haus , the former mayor's villa, which the National Socialists used as a meeting point and Krayer party headquarters, after the war the economic office (food cards!) Was housed in it, after which we left it to the well-known Krayer doctor Georg Schütt, who lived there and ran a doctor's practice there, today it is used purely as a residential building. The locksmith Wilhelm Börger from Kray, a member of the NSDAP since 1924 , worked as an agitator among the workers. From 1930 to 1945 he held a mandate in the Reichstag. He was promoted to the Prussian State Council. He taught German socialism at the University of Cologne . A large air raid shelter was built on the premises of the Kiwitt School in Kray-Süd. The Kiwitt School was completely destroyed in the war. The entrances to the bunker could be seen long after the war . Today there is a green area on the square in the area of ​​Krayer-, Kiwitt- and Marienstraße.

In March 1944, the Krayer couple Bernhard and Maria Kreulich were executed in Berlin-Plötzensee . They had been sentenced to death by the People's Court for expressing criticism of the Nazi regime and the conduct of the war.

The Jehovah's Witnesses , formerly called Serious Bible Students, who had and have a community center in Kray, suffered particularly . They were the first religious group persecuted by the National Socialists to be banned from practicing their religion as early as 1933. Because of the denial of the Hitler salute, the oath of the flag and military service, their custody of their children was withdrawn. Women who were not ready to renounce ended up in the Ravensbrück or Moringen concentration camps . Margarete Buber-Neumann described her life in her memories. The men faced the death penalty for refusing to do military service. The Kolping Family , which was active in Kray and had developed from the journeyman's association , had to stop its activities.

post war period

After the Second World War , the first council meeting of the city of Essen took place in the Krayer town hall on February 6, 1946, as the Essen town hall had been badly damaged.

The families of English occupation soldiers moved into newly built houses on Burgundenweg. In the open field on Krayer Strasse / Riddershofstrasse, formerly a brick factory, barracks were built to quickly accommodate refugees. After that, the square served again as a fairground until a settlement with residential houses, primarily for miners, was created, through which several small streets were created. The production of war material by the Buderuswerk was discontinued and the production of civilian cast products was turned back to. Small companies and business premises even formed in apartments everywhere. So a contract embroidery was created in the corner house at Krayer Straße / Soester Straße 2. The "Film-Eck" in Kiwittstrasse was not only a cinema, but also a meeting place for nightlife. An ice cream parlor was built in the street Am Bocklerbaum in Kray-Süd.

In Kray there was also the joint coal mining research for mine safety, mining technology and coal refinement, called the mining research center.

The second Catholic church was built in the 1960s on Kiwittplatz in Kray-Süd, the Church of St. Christophorus, so that there were two Catholic parishes in Kray.

Overall, the Essen district of Kray with Leithe, which is mainly characterized by mining, experienced an enormous economic boom after the Second World War, with brisk construction activity for miners' settlements and apartments, great purchasing power and a flourishing retail trade in the Krayer town center.

In 1972 the miners' suburb came briefly into the focus of national and international press due to a rampage .

population

As of March 31, 2020, there were 19,897 residents in Kray.

Structural data of the population in Kray (as of March 31, 2020):

• Share of the population under 18-year-olds: 17.8% (Essen average: 16.2%)
• Population of at least 65-year-olds: 17.8% (Essen average: 21.5%)
• Proportion of foreigners: 21.5% (Essen average: 16.9%)

Personalities

• August Fichtel , b. April 1, 1823 in Sprockhövel , died February 7, 1902 in Bochum . In 1858 he worked as a miner in the sinking of the Bonifacius colliery . Over the years, his skills made him the company's technical director. In addition, he was made an honorary citizen of Kray because of his long and meritorious work as a Krayer municipal councilor.
• Wilhelm Börger , b. February 14, 1896 in Kray, died June 29, 1962 in Heidelberg, National Socialist politician, Professor of German Socialism at the University of Cologne .
• Josef Künsting manager of the Bonifacius colliery until the 1950s. Josef Künsting was the first Catholic to become the manager of the Bonifacius colliery. Since the Ruhrzechen belonged to Calvinist owners like Friedrich Grillo , who came from a Waldensian family, it was an unusual promotion that aroused astonishment. It was only pronounced when Künsting had already accepted a position on the Saar, where there were also mines owned by catholic owners.
• Hans Müller-Kray , b. October 13, 1908 in Kray, died May 30, 1969 in Stuttgart, professor, general music director at Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Stuttgart.
• Vera Brühne , the daughter of the mayor of Krayer Ludwig Kohlen , b. February 6, 1910 in Kray, died April 17, 2001 in Munich.
• Karl Hans Hack , until 1939 professor of the Confessing Church of the Krayer Evangelical Congregation, the majority of which felt obliged to the German Christians . Because of his outspoken appearance against the Nazi dictatorship in 1939, a special court sentenced him to prison under the treachery law .
• Helga Masthoff , b. Niessen, b. November 11, 1941, tennis player, first for the Grün-Weiss Essen-Kray tennis club from 1924, registered in 1930, later for the ETuF Essen .
• Annegret Laakmann , b. Rieping, campaigns for the rights of women in the Catholic Church and the ordination of women. Co-founder of Frauenwürde eV
• Heinrich Sense , b. January 28, 1831 in Kray, died October 10, 1896 in Kray, Steiger at the Bonifacius colliery , innkeeper, popular local expert and occasional poet. The Heinrich-Sense-Weg in Essen-Kray is named after him.

See also

• List of architectural monuments in Kray
• List of streets in Essen-Kray

Web links

Commons : Essen-Kray  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Krayer Archive
• Krayer Citizenship eV

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sports and swimming pools of the city of Essen: Bad am Südpark ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved December 18, 2014 
2. ↑ Essen City Archives ( Memento from February 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ See also Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders Wappen der Essener Stadtteile , Essen 2009, p. 85.
4. ^ Territorial.de: Mayor of Kray
5. ^ Official Journal of the Düsseldorf Government 1920 p. 45
6. ↑ The couple Bernhard and Maria Kreulich were accepted by the Catholic Church as martyrs in the German martyrology of the 20th century ; see Volume I, pages 231-235.
7. ↑ Population figures of the districts
8. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
9. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
10. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
11. ^ Erwin Dickhoff: Essener streets . Ed .: City of Essen - Historical Association for City and Monastery of Essen. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8375-1231-1 .
12. ↑ Hans-Josef Steinberg: Resistance and persecution in Essen 1933-1945 , Bonn-Bad Godesberg, 2nd edition 1973, p. 391.