Borbeck-Mitte

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Borbeck-Mitte coat of arms
Coat of arms of the city of Essen

Borbeck-Mitte
district of Essen

Location of Borbeck-Mitte in the Essen district IV Borbeck
Basic data
surface 3.19  km²
Residents 13,855 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates 51 ° 28 ′ 30 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 30 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 4"  E
height 66  m
Incorporation Apr 1, 1915
Spatial assignment
Post Code 45355, 45356, 45357
District number 21st
district Essen district IV Borbeck
image
Borbeck Castle (2005)

Borbeck Castle (2005)

Source: City of Essen statistics

Borbeck-Mitte is a north-western part of the city of Essen , which was incorporated on April 1, 1915 with all other parts of today's borough district IV Borbeck . Borbeck-Mitte is classified as a medium-sized center within Essen .

history

See also: List of architectural monuments in Borbeck-Mitte

Oberhof Borbeck

The first written mention of Borbeck comes from a list of duties to the Essen monastery from the year 869. The Oberhof Borthbeki is mentioned here (from "Bach that flows through a Börde, a rich interest area" - source in Borbeck Castle Park). At that time, Borbeck was one of nine upper courts that had to pay taxes to the Essen monastery founded a few years earlier . The Essen princess Berta von Arnsberg bought the apparently pledged Oberhof Borbeck in 1288 , in order to have the predecessor of today 's Borbeck Castle built there. In the 14th century Borbeck developed into the preferred residence of the Essen abbesses, which led to the fact that the old Romanesque church of the town was rebuilt in 1339 by the abbess Katharina von der Mark , so that she and her entourage could attend masses appropriately.

19th century

The year 1816, which went down in history as the year without summer (snow had even fallen on June 25th), brought the last great famine, from which it was not until 1819 that people slowly recovered. The cause of this catastrophe were the consequences of a super volcanic eruption ( Tambora in April 1815). In the 1840s, industrialization began in the Borbeck area with hard coal mining, which resulted in the immigration of many people looking for work. Before that, the area had consistently rural character and Borbeck-Mitte in particular had a village character. The center of the village was Dionysiusplatz. Here, the St. Dionysius Church, a three-aisled neo-Gothic brick basilica, is the third church at this point. Construction began in 1862 according to the original plans by Vincenz Statz and further revision by Maximilian Nohl . Due to cost considerations, building councilor Krüger ultimately commissioned the builder Clemens Guinbert to carry out the building project under the supervision of the Essen district builder August Kind . The consecration took place in 1863 and after the addition of the sacristy, the church was consecrated in 1867 by the Archbishop of Cologne, Paulus Melchers . A first church is said to have been built here around the 11th century. The second Romanesque church mentioned above dates from 1339 and housed the tombstone of Abbess Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, who died in 1598, which is still in the church today . The classicist half-timbered house on Dionysiuskirchplatz 10 is typical evidence of the development in pre-industrial times. The Germania monument in Borbeck, which is reminiscent of the Unification Wars, is a listed building.

Affiliations

Borbeck Mayor's Office

After the end of Essen Monastery in 1803, Borbeck became a municipality as a French-occupied area in 1808 . Finally, the reorganization of Europe through the Congress of Vienna in 1815 led to the Borbeck community becoming part of Prussia and becoming an independent mayor within the Essen district . From 1823 to 1859 Borbeck belonged to the Duisburg district , then again from 1859 to the newly established Essen district. The mayor's office included Bedingrade , Bochold , Dellwig , Frintrop , Gerschede , Schönebeck , including Vogelheim at the time, as well as the Lippern ( Lipper Heide ) and Lirich farming communities. With these last two parts, the Borbeck mayor's office suffered its greatest loss of territory on February 1, 1862. From this point on, these districts formed two thirds of the newly founded municipality of Oberhausen . The three-tier district, consisting of Altendorf , Frohnhausen and Holsterhausen , was also assigned to the Borbeck municipality after secularization , but was spun off again as an independent mayor of Altendorf in 1874.

mayor

  • Christian Joseph Philipp Leimgardt (1808–1823)
  • Ludwig Stock (1823-1840)
  • Anton Hermann Péan (1840–1868)
  • Wilhelm Faehre (1868–1869)
  • Carl Anton Joseph Kruft (1869–1881)
  • Rudolph Heinrich (1881–1907)
  • Ferdinand Carl Valentin Baasel (1907–1915)

Incorporation into the city of Essen

When the remaining mayor's office of Borbeck was completely incorporated into the independent city of Essen on April 1, 1915, it was the largest Prussian rural community with over 70,000 inhabitants. The incorporation contracts were signed in March 1914, but had been preceded by around seven years of negotiations. The last mayor of Borbeck's mayor was Ferdinand Baasel .

At the beginning of the 20th century there was neither a broad middle class nor the upper middle class in Borbeck, which is why the tax income was low and the financial situation was poor, so that no necessary investments were possible. The reason was that to the population of around 5000 people in the middle of the 19th century, around 65,000 workers immigrated to the beginning of the 20th century to work in the booming mining and steel industry. Nevertheless, the city of Essen was interested in the incorporation, because access to the planned Rhine-Herne Canal , which was completed in 1914, was very important for industry. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach also advocated this, as he named Duisburg with his new steelworks on the Rhine as an alternative to his hometown Essen. The incorporation of Borbeck was of decisive importance for the later construction of the city harbor.

However, there were two proposals for incorporation: Essen's mayor Wilhelm Holle, from his financial point of view, in 1907 favored partial incorporation of only the future port area. Borbeck's mayor Ferdinand Baasel held against it, because the rural community of Borbeck would give up its industrial development and thus its future. Concrete negotiations followed in 1911 when it became clear that Essen also wanted to incorporate Bredeney and Altenessen . The wealthy mayor of Bredeney would balance the overall financial situation with the simultaneous incorporation of these three mayor's offices. Politically, this also seemed sensible, since the balance of power in the Essen city ​​council remained, because Borbeck tended more towards the center party , while Altenessen and Bredeney voted for the majority of the national liberal.

On January 14, 1913, Borbeck's local council voted with a clear majority for the incorporation. In the negotiations for annexation treaty in 1914, the city of Essen to infrastructure services, such as street railway construction and construction of a slaughterhouse, a public park, a community asylum, a committed girls' high school and a public beach, but also for the acquisition of Borbecks Mayor Baasel as Assistant Secretary of Essen .

Incident during the Ruhr uprising

The fly bush in the southeast corner of the Borbeck-Mitte district is a square with the public transport stop of the same name at the intersection of Altendorfer- and Frintroper Strasse with Bocholderstrasse and Schloßstrasse. In the final phase of the Ruhr uprising and the fighting between the Reichswehr and the Red Ruhr Army , which had formed to defend against the Kapp-Lüttwitz putsch , the two members of the security forces, Hermann Riesner and Friedrich Lichtenauer, were taken over by a unit of the Lützow Freikorps on 7 April 1920 shot at the fly bush.

coat of arms

Blazon : “Split twice, divided in front and behind (shield flanks) golden (yellow), two red bars above, two red posts below, two red posts above and two red bars below; in the broader red center of the shield, intertwined over two silver (white) crossed swords with gold (yellow) handles, a green laurel wreath. "

The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population.

Meaning: The coat of arms on the shield flanks is derived from the coat of arms of the princely abbesses of the Fürstenberg family , who used Borbeck Castle as their summer residence . The swords as an attribute of the Essen city patrons Cosmas and Damian come from the coat of arms of the Essen monastery as well as the laurel wreath as a symbol for the martyrs .

Borbeck today

Public facilities

A weekly market takes place every Tuesday and Friday in the pedestrian zone of Borbeck-Mitte. Central facilities such as the Essen-Borbeck District Court , the district library, social welfare office and job center, the Essen-Borbeck train station, a municipal indoor swimming pool and the Philippusstift hospital, to which an emergency practice is open outside of regular office hours, is also located.

culture and education

The Alte Cuesterey next to the church staircase on Weidkamp is a 200 year old house, renovated by the Borbeck Cultural and Historical Association, which today houses a museum and meeting center, where exhibitions, concerts and readings take place regularly.

In Schloss Borbeck there is a cultural center of the city of Essen, which offers concerts with artists and changing exhibitions in the gallery. A historical permanent exhibition, which reflects the history of the monastery and the city of Essen, has existed here since 2006. A branch of the Folkwang Music School has been located in the castle since 1999 . Couples can also get married here, in the registry office in the castle. Opposite the castle is the Dubois-Arena, an open-air arena that was a former boxing venue. The steam beer brewery Essen-Borbeck has a brewing tradition since 1896. The Essen star brewery Essen was also located here. In the center is the Essen-Borbeck train station , with the former counter hall restored in Art Nouveau style. A painting by Adolf Lohmann has been showing motifs from Borbeck since 2001. The market fountain Borbecker Halblang widely coined the term Borbecker Halblang in memory of the times in the 19th century when it was common to buy clothes for children a little too big so that they could grow into it. The Vossgätters Mühle is located at Möllhoven as the last testimony to a long tradition of Borbeck mills on Pausmühlenbach. A grain mill is documented here as early as 1547. Today the Vossgätters Mühle houses the nature conservation center of the Essen / Mülheim nature conservation youth. A memorial stone on Reuenberg, the Hagedornstein , commemorates the local poet Hermann Hagedorn , who wrote his poems on Borbecker Platt . The Borbecker Nachrichten has been published weekly since 1949 and was at times one of the local weekly newspapers with the highest circulation in Germany. The former family company has been part of the Essen-based Funke media group since 2000 . The Borbecker Nachrichten was discontinued on August 31, 2018. Furthermore, at the end of 2007 there was the docu-soap Wir in Essen-Borbeck .

The Borbeck grammar school , the Borbeck grammar school for girls (the only grammar school for girls in North Rhine-Westphalia under municipal sponsorship), the Borbeck comprehensive school, two secondary schools, a secondary school, elementary schools and special schools with different focus areas all contribute to education in the district .

population

On March 31, 2020, 13,855 residents lived in Borbeck-Mitte.

Structural data of the population in Borbeck-Mitte (as of March 31, 2020):

  • Share of the population under 18-year-olds: 14.0% (Essen average: 16.2%)
  • Share of the population of at least 65-year-olds: 24.0% (Essen average: 21.5%)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 12.3% (Essen average: 16.9%)

traffic

Essen-Borbeck train station

Borbeck is connected to the supraregional road network via the two federal motorways 40 and 42 , which run in an east-west direction . Both motorways do not directly affect the Borbeck district, but the outskirts of the city, which is an essential part of Borbeck's transport links. Bundesstraße 231 (here as part of Frintroper Straße), which connects Borbeck with Essen and Oberhausen, and the Rhine-Herne Canal also run in an east-west direction .

Essen-Borbeck train station is the central point of connection to regional public transport . The regional express RE 14 ( Essen Hbf  - Bottrop Hbf  - Dorsten  - Borken (Westf) ) and the S-Bahn line S 9 ( Wuppertal Hbf  - Essen Hbf - Bottrop Hbf - Haltern am See ) stop here . The tram lines 101, 103 and 106 , as well as the bus lines 140, 143, 160, 170, 185, 186 and the night expresses NE 11, NE 12 and NE 15 of the Ruhrbahn ensure further development of the district.

Street names

Many street names in Borbeck come from the time of Mayor Rudolf Heinrich, who was in office from 1881 to 1907. At that time, because of the scattered development, it was not customary to put signs with street names at the beginning and end of each street, but to write the street names on the numbers of the individual houses. To make this possible, Mayor Heinrich "invented" a large number of short names, some of which have survived to this day. These include, for example, the “Armstraße” (from the poor house), the “Grasstraße” (from the grass in the neighboring “Hesselbruch”), the “Kraftstraße” (from the power station of the electric train) or the “Neustraße” (from the Neu- Cologne ).

Sons and daughters of the district

literature

  • Borbecker Nachrichten (Ed.): Matters of opinion. Borbeck yesterday and today at a glance. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8375-0060-8 .
  • Andreas Koerner: Between the castle and chimneys. The story of Borbeck. Verlag Henselowsky Boschmann, Bottrop 1999, ISBN 3-922750-34-6 .
  • Lutz Niethammer : The inability to develop the city. Explanation of the mental disturbance of a communal master builder in Prussia's largest industrial village. In: U. Engelhart u. a. (Ed.): Social movement and political constitution. Contributions to the history of the modern world. Stuttgart 1976.
  • Regular communications from the Kulturhistorisches Verein Borbeck e. V., the Borbeck articles , which have been appearing in loose order since 1987.
  • Wolfgang Sykorra : Borbeck half- length . A school project of the European Capital of Culture Ruhr.2010. Edition Rainruhr, Essen 2011, ISBN 978-3-941676-07-7 .
  • Wolfgang Sykorra: From the Penne into the world. Borbeck portraits. Edited by Lothar Böning. Edition Rainruhr, Essen 2013, ISBN 978-3-941676-17-6 .
  • Walter Wimmer : Grown over 11 centuries - Borbeck Chronicle. Verlag Borbecker Nachrichten, Essen (Volumes 1 to 6, published 1980 to 1993).
  • Ludwig W. Wördehoff: Borbeck in his street names. Rainer-Henselowsky-Verlag, Essen 1987.
  • Literature about Borbeck-Mitte in the catalog of the German National Library

Web links

Commons : Essen-Borbeck-Mitte  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Essen / Borbeck  - travel guide

Footnotes

  1. a b District history on the homepage of the city of Essen
  2. Cordula Holtermann: Food. History of a city . Ed .: Ulrich Borsdorf. Peter Pomp Verlag, Bottrop, Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89355-236-7 , p. 564 .
  3. ^ Lutz Niethammer: Complicated explanation of the mental disturbance of a municipal master builder in Prussia's largest industrial village or the inability to develop the city. Publishing house Syndikat, Frankfurt am Main 1979.
  4. a b c Klaus Wisotzky: How food got bigger. The incorporation of the city of Essen into the German Empire. In: Contributions to the history of the city and monastery Essen (Essener contributions), Volume 127. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-1313-4 .
  5. ^ Memorial plaque of the city of Essen on site
  6. See on this Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders coat of arms of the Essen districts. Essen 2009, p. 71.
  7. Nature Conservation Union Ruhr
  8. Population figures of the districts
  9. Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
  10. Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
  11. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
  12. ^ Ruhrbahn
  13. ^ Erwin Dickhoff: Essener streets . Ed .: City of Essen - Historical Association for City and Monastery of Essen. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8375-1231-1 .