August child

August child around 1885

August Wilhelm Kind (born August 27, 1824 in Wiehl , Bergisches Land , † December 30, 1904 in Berlin ) was a German architect and construction clerk . As head of the building administration of the Reichspost under the direction of Heinrich von Stephan, he was involved in almost all post offices between 1875 and 1889. He retired from the rank of Real Secret Senior Councilor in 1889.

Life

origin

August Kind was the son of the first main teacher in Wiehl. His father Johann Wilhelm Kind (1792–1840) was initially a sexton and organist before he got a job as a teacher. He was married to the daughter of the local pastor, Johanna Charlotte Schnabel (1793–1871). A total of six children of the couple died at or shortly after birth.

In addition to August Kind, only his sister Emilie, who was born in 1822 and married a teacher in the neighborhood, remained. The siblings were first taught privately by the father and then in the local school. After the early death of his father in 1840, the pressure increased on the young person to quickly find his own professional basis. He probably passed his Abitur in Gummersbach around 1842/43 and chose architecture as his professional goal.

education

Then he began the obligatory apprenticeship as a surveyor , which he completed with a corresponding examination in Arnsberg . As a geometer, he found his first job in September 1846 at the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , where he found work in the railway office for route planning. In particular, he was also active at the Porta Westfalica train station .

Then followed the “completion of his structural engineering studies” at the Berlin Building Academy . There, in 1849, after studying for two years, he passed the construction manager examination and began a legal clerkship . As a young site manager he was able to gain his first practical experience in road construction in the district administration of Waldbröl in his native Bergisches Land under the direction of the local master builder Binger.

During this time August Kind became a full member of the Natural History Association of the Prussian Rhineland and Westphalia . One of the main focuses of the association's work was the research of the geological conditions in the region, which was related to the rapidly developing mining industry here. Specifically, Kind took measurements in the Sieg area. He provided corrections for the "General overview of the hypsometric conditions in the government district of Düsseldorf in orographic and hydrographic arrangement", which were part of the "Height measurements of the Rhine province" by the well-known geologist Heinrich von Dechen .

He was also active in road construction between Waldbröl and Gummersbach and in hydraulic engineering on the Rhine.

At Easter 1851 he began the second part of his studies at the Berlin Building Academy. There he studied structural engineering and architecture under the two important teachers Karl Bötticher and Wilhelm Stier . Stier taught that "not one-sided seclusion, but an open eye for all real works of art of all times shows the true artist". This makes it clear that architecture was understood and taught as a unity of technology and aesthetics. In 1853 August Kind passed the master builder examination for water, road and rail construction (today for civil engineering). With this examination he had the prerequisite for an assessor as entry into the higher building administration career, but could also work as a private master builder.

Builder of Wesel

Initially August Kind worked as a private builder in the city of Wesel . Possibly he went to Wesel because his future wife was born there. His work in and around Wesel focused on railway construction, which flourished throughout the region.

District builder to eat

In 1856, at the age of 32, August Kind was appointed district builder in Essen . With that he became head of the building administration of the newly founded district of Essen. He was thus responsible for the entire public construction industry - road, rail and hydraulic engineering - in his district.

The appointment to the district master builder in Essen in 1856 also gave him the financial security to start a family. On September 3, 1856, as an aspiring construction clerk, August Kind married the daughter of the accountant Alexander von Borkowsky from Wesel. This family comes from the ancient Polish-Masurian nobility, who transferred to the Prussian military or state service after Poland was incorporated at the end of the 18th century. Kind's young wife Caroline Friederike Henriette von Borkowsky was born in Wesel in 1836. His mother-in-law was the daughter of a wealthy merchant from Dorsten who had settled in Wesel.

In 1856, August Kind, together with Maximilian Nohl from Iserlohn, whom he presumably knew from studying in Berlin and with whom he was soon to work, became an external member of the Berlin Architects' Association , which at the time was the most important professional association for builders in Prussia.

Around this time August Kind was also expelled as a Freemason - like many people employed in the construction industry - in the "Alfred zur Linde" box in Essen. His father-in-law, Alexander von Borkowsky, and his father-in-law, Theodor Timmermann, were Freemasons, both of them in the “Golden Sword” lodge in Wesel.

As early as 1858, August Kind rounded off his training at the Berlin Building Academy with the master builder examination for general “agriculture”, ie today's structural engineering, with which he acquired the full range of uses in the Prussian building administration. He was now responsible for all Landbauten that hydraulic structures as well as the investigation of industrial installations, project planning, estimation and management of occurring in this business districts Chaussee -Neubauten, the maintenance of state roads along about 13 miles and a mile county road (along approximately 25 km) all about food. In addition, there was the supervision of the communal, premium and share roads still to be built. After all, the district builder Kind was also an organ of the royal government in all orders to be given to him by supervisory channels, as was finally a member of the examination commission for building craftsmen in Essen.

In the decade between 1858 and 1868, August Kind was personally or supervisingly involved in a wide variety of building projects, especially in Borbeck, Oberhausen and Essen. In addition, he also participated in the exchange with the specialist team. So at the beginning of September 1862 he took part in the XIII. Assembly of architects and engineers in Germany in Hanover, which was devoted to all current issues in the building industry.

Borbeck Mayor's Office

In front of the gates of Essen was the Borbeck mayor's office , consisting of the villages Borbeck, Bedingrade, Bochold, Dellwig, Frintrop, Gerschede and Schönebeck. This community was one of the fastest growing communities in Prussia around the middle of the 19th century due to mining and iron processing. This also went hand in hand with extensive construction work. August Kind in Borbeck was particularly connected to the construction activities of the Catholic St. Dionysius community.

Rectory of the St. Dionysius parish

At the beginning of 1858 he submitted the planning and the cost estimate for the new building of the rectory, as commissioned. This construction measure was intended to create construction space for the new parish church, which was to be rebuilt in the center of Borbeck. Construction work began in 1860, the estimates were revised again, and in October 1862 the district builder Kind was able to settle the accounts with the community with a slight plus.

Schoolhouse of the St. Dionysius Congregation

Due to the sharp increase in the population, more school space was required everywhere. In this respect, the school building in Borbeck also had to be rebuilt. Kind received the contract in 1859, and a year later his designs were presented to the mayor for a municipal grant. After the approval of the Borbeck municipality and the tender by the district builder, the schoolhouse was built in 1862 by local contractors.

Parish Church of St. Dionysius

In 1860, the government and building councilor Krüger from the Düsseldorf district government commissioned the master builder Maximilian Nohl to create the necessary drawings, calculations and estimates for the new construction of the Catholic church in Borbeck. The construction of a new church in Borbeck was imperative, because between 1830 and 1860 the population in Borbeck had increased from 2,500 to around 18,000. Borbeck had more inhabitants than the neighboring Essen. Nohl was to develop a final version based on the existing draft by Vincenz Statz from 1854. However, Nohl was no longer able to play, as he had to interrupt the project first. Due to differing views on building officer Krüger, who wanted to build more economically, the Borbeck building project developed into a conflict-ridden process. Eventually Nohl was released from the Borbeck project. Building officer Krüger commissioned the builder Clemens Guinbert to carry out the building project under the supervision of August Kind. Some cost savings were included in the planning under August Kind. The foundation stone was laid in 1862 and the blessing took place at the end of 1863, followed by completion in the summer.

Reconstruction of the sacristy of St. Dionysius

The building was completed in the following years. The church was consecrated in 1867 by the Archbishop of Cologne , Paulus Melchers . In April 1868, Kind had rescheduled for the old sacristy. The area was to be built over and an upper floor for "a box for the baronial family" by Fürstenberg was to be added. The church was badly damaged in World War II and was not rebuilt until 1951.

Oberhausen

Post office Oberhausen

In 1858, district architect Kind designed the post office for the rapidly growing town of Oberhausen . The building, which no longer exists today, was considered to be an “imposing post and telegraph office in the neo-Gothic Tudor castle style”. Similar to the school in Borbeck, the post office building was executed with strips of light yellow bricks in the facade.

In 1862 the mayor's office in Oberhausen was formed from the districts of Lippern and Lirich that had previously belonged to Borbeck. At that time the new community had just under 5,600 inhabitants. By 1867 the population had increased to 9,240.

Schoolhouse in Lippern

Just as in Borbeck, the community also needed a new school building “to remedy the lack of classrooms in Lippern”. This involved the construction of “a three-class school for the residents of Lipperheide ”, which later formed part of the emerging town of Oberhausen. August Kind took over the planning and supervision of the construction as the responsible district builder. After the completion of the design and tender ( "Verding" = contract ), the school was opened 1860th

Christ Church in Oberhausen

In 1863 August Kind also had to look after the continuation of the new building of the Evangelical Christ Church in Oberhausen. The architect and site manager originally responsible for Oberhausen was again Maximilian Nohl, but he died shortly after the foundation stone was laid in 1863, so that district builder Kind had to complete the project. The five-sided polygonal choir on the east side of the church is ascribed to him as a separate work. Due to a veto from Berlin (probably by Friedrich August Stüler ), the plans were changed, which probably explains the stylistic breaks in the building. Nevertheless, this church had a structural peculiarity, because its ceiling construction was made of cast iron . On August 4, 1864, the church was consecrated for the new parish.

Parceling of the heather in Oberhausen

In 1863, the budding municipality of Oberhausen made the decision to parcel out the common property of the heathland . For this purpose, the geometer Fuchs was commissioned to carry out the necessary measurements. In 1865 August Kind was finally commissioned to implement the parcelling as a district builder and because of his proven ability for planning work. A checkerboard network of 114 paths with 347 square or rectangular building blocks averaging two to three acres in size was planned. Thanks to Kind's grid plan from 1865, the young city received a large number of avenues and streets that still exist today.

eat

Zoning plan

Around 1860 August Kind began surveying the city of Essen together with city architect Carl Wilhelm Theodor Freyse in order to develop a development plan that would withstand the onslaught of the economic boom for the next few decades.

"By the highest decree of March 28, 1863, the development plan for the inner city, worked out by the district builder Kind with the city architect Freyse, was established and at the same time the city was granted the right of expropriation to lay out some new roads and remove various traffic obstacles."

This means that the structural changes in the city of Essen as well as the construction work at the world-famous Krupp cast steel factory can ultimately also be traced back to August Kind's plans.

District court with prison

August Kind dealt very intensively with the project of the district court in Essen. In a report dated February 26, 1857, the district builder pointed out the urgent need to build a new courtroom, as the old abbey building, which had previously been used as a court, was dilapidated. This necessity was also seen in Düsseldorf, so the building funds were released. Kind later explained the construction process himself in the Bauwesen magazine . The size of the courthouse ("commercial building") was based on the regular 15 judge posts, while the prison was designed for 67 delinquents and had a sick bay for nine people.

Extension of the jury building

Due to the rapid increase in the population in the region, it was soon necessary to enlarge the jury as well. “The relevant draft, which included a simultaneous enlargement of the prison house, was approved in 1866 and is now about to be completed. The handover will take place in August “1867. Kind's report from the Bauwesen magazine was then discussed in the Deutsche Bauzeitung , criticizing the inconsistent planning and execution between the district court and the jury. With regard to the construction costs, Kind cites a total of almost 92,000 thalers, of which around 40,000 thalers went to the administration building.

Construction and subsidence

In 1870, the Essen city master builder Hermann Schülke gave a detailed report on the development of the city. The population in Essen rose from 1856 - when August Kind started working - with 12,900 inhabitants to almost 40,700 inhabitants at the end of his work there. The population of the city of Essen tripled as a result of immigration and incorporation. As a result of this development, the price of land rose from 10 thalers per acre to 40 thalers per square rod , i.e. H. six times as much. The city now had around 3,000 residential buildings and almost 600 factory buildings. There were also seven churches, chapels and prayer houses and 16 schools, three monasteries and eight poor and welfare institutions. The dramatic subsidence of the land in 1866/1867 caused major problems in urban development. In this context, the responsible building authorities - city builder Spieker and district builder Kind - were heavily criticized for severe cracks in houses and streets. When investigating the causes, construction defects or subsoil problems could be excluded. Therefore, dehydration through the lower lying mine tunnels was assumed to be the cause. Since the problems did not continue, it was possible to continue building later.

Further measures in the district

In 1864 August Kind was promoted to building inspector in Lennep at the same time as his colleague Josef Laur . Associated with this was a salary increase of around 200 to 300 thalers and an increase in the various expense allowances.

As a building inspector, August Kind was not only involved in agricultural work. In the same way, according to § 17 of the regulation of August 23, 1857, they also had to carry out the technical acceptance of steam boilers that were not intended for mining operations. The child had to supervise the area "in the district of Duisberg north of the Ruhr". In October 1866, for example, he confirmed to the mayor of Borbeck the new operating license for the large water tank at Berge bei Borbeck station and sent "the relevant revision and acceptance test certificate for further inducement" and asked for the fees to be paid after called regulatory.

Connection line of the Wolfsbank colliery

In the autumn of 1866 August Kind had the task of accepting the " connection between the old shaft and the Essen-Osterath Railway , which is important for the removal of coal from the Wolfsbank colliery ", with regard to an operating permit. "The formal acceptance of the Locomotiv branch line took place, which, using the previous horse-drawn tram with a sharp curve, not far from the Heissen freight station, connects to the Rheinische Bahn." In September, there was an inauguration event with representatives from industry, the railway and the Construction management takes place.

Promemoria for road building to Bottrop

In 1867 August Kind went public with a memorandum to ensure that a permanent road connection would be established between Bottrop , Essen and Mülheim an der Ruhr . A compilation by the Chamber of Commerce states about the road conditions in this area: “With the exception of the communal road to Essen, the roads in the Borbeck mayor's office are impassable in bad weather. In general, the municipalities of the district are allowed by the royal. Government must be stopped to maintain the consistently very neglected communal routes. "

Construction officer with the Marienwerder government

In 1868 August Kind was promoted to superstructure inspector and appointed "with the activities of the government and building council to the Marienwerder government ".

In the building administration of the administrative district of Marienwerder, August Kind was appointed as the new deputy of the secret government councilor Gottlieb Schmid as the successor to the agricultural councilor Henke. While Schmid primarily devoted himself to hydraulic engineering and made a name for himself as the father of the Vistula river regulation, Kind had turned to general road and building construction. He was subordinate to seven district builders in the respective district seats and other sub-officials. The city of Marienwerder had around 7,500 inhabitants and the district around 67,000 inhabitants at that time. Almost three quarters of a million people lived in the entire administrative district .

Senior Mining and Building Councilor in the Prussian Ministry of Public Works

At the beginning of 1870 August Kind was promoted by the Prussian king from the senior construction inspector to the "Ober-Berg- und Bau-Rath" and appointed to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Public Works. The ministry announced: "The Ober-Berg- und Bau-Rath child has been awarded the budgetary position in the mines, smelters and salt works department of the Ministry of Commerce."

In 1872 August Kind published an article with "Explanations of the drafts of housing for miners". It was here that his recognized ability to produce floor plans in great functional and aesthetic quality was demonstrated. On the occasion of this work he wrote:

“With the increase in the scope of the fiscal industrial works, which are subordinate to the Royal Mining Administration, the need for functional housing for miners has emerged to an increasing degree in recent times and demands satisfaction corresponding to the demands of the present. ... An essential cause of the emergent evils is based on the great variety in which the plans were carried out and in which the experience could not be used to a sufficient extent. "

These drafts had a greater impact on the current discussion. In 1874 Prof. Dr. Hermann Friedberg under the title “Public Health Care at the Vienna World Exhibition ” a. a. also on August Kind's drafts for miners' apartments and rated them as exemplary in comparison to the “Austrian, Swiss, Dutch, Belgian, English” designs on display. Presumably August Kind had presented his designs in Vienna himself.

Around this time August Kind had met the head of the Reich Postal Administration, Heinrich Stephan, while advising on building projects, and he recruited him from the Ministry in 1875 as his office was restructured. While the chief mining and building officer Julius Gebauer was appointed head of the mining administration within the Ministry of Labor, August Kind took over the construction management of the general post office under Heinrich Stephan.

Head of the building administration at the Reich Post Office

Development of the building administration in the Reichspost

On January 1, 1875, an independent post office building administration was created in the General Post Office. As early as 1873, Postmaster General Stephan was considering building a building management not only for the post office but for the entire Reich. Because of the resistance, you had to limit yourself to the postal sector. After the rebuilding of the Reichspost building on Leipziger Strasse in 1873, Stephan had Carl Schwatlo systematically build “everywhere for the post office building” that “not only contain healthy, bright, adequate rooms for the various branches of service and also for the public , but also to the outside world should present themselves stately as representatives of the imperial idea. In doing so, they should be made of good, genuine material and, if possible, based on the best local architectural style, but always in such a way that they can serve as a guide and model for the local builders in the exercise of their trade and encourage other builders to emulate ".

The postmaster general appointed August Kind as his representative for the post office building in the imperial post authority and on April 1, 1875 assigned him the position of “structural member at the post office general”. With that, Kind headed the “Technical Construction Office” of the Reichspost.

Construction work and supervision

The Post Construction
The budget for the post construction, which he had to administer in the first years of the new empire, results from statistics which appeared in the official gazette in 1876. The following sums were spent in the four years for the acquisition of land and the new construction as well as the renovation and renovation:

                  1872  1.878.132 Mark

                  1873  3.092.838 Mark

                  1874  2.794.986 Mark

                  1875  3.236.636 Mark

This resulted in an increase to 172% within the four years. In the years 1870 to 1872 3.5 million marks were spent and in the three following years from 1873 to 1875 already over 9 million marks, an increase almost three times. In addition, there are costs for rented postrooms of around 1.6 to 1.8 million marks annually. So "for the establishment of a special building management service exclusively for the realization of the post and telegraph construction, not inconsiderable funds were used in the budget for 1875."

Technical supervision for regional postal building
councils One of the first reform steps in the new postal building administration was the reorganization of the system of postal building councils in the regional head office . The post office building councils there were responsible for the regional execution of the construction work and were subject to the technical supervision of the postal ministry. These regulations were laid down in the new instructions for post construction councils in 1875, in which August Kind played a major role.

In October 1878, the postmaster general Stephan ordered the post office building councils in the post office directorates that, in addition to the “prescribed building drawings”, all “of the larger post and telegraph buildings erected or still to be erected in our time should be prepared and prepared in a manner suitable for the post museum to be united in a collection ”. Through this instruction, colored drawings of almost all post offices of the Wilhelminian era have been handed down, the request and collection of which was in the hands of August Kind's construction office.

Academy of Civil Engineering

As a result of the debates on the reform of the organization of state building, the Academy of Building was founded in Berlin in 1880 . Already in March 1880 the plan was published in the daily press, the previous Technical Building Deputation, “to convert this highest scientific authority in building technology into an academy with two senates to be formed from luminaries in the field. The same would elect its President from among its number, and the Minister for confirmation by Se. Majesty to propose the emperor ”.

Membership in the two departments - one for building construction and one for engineering and mechanical engineering - is renewed every three years with a third determined by lot. All construction and machine technicians who are employed in the German Reich and who “distinguish themselves through excellent scientific or practical achievements” can be elected as members. Under the presidency of Ministerial and Senior Building Director Friedrich Ludwig Schneider and his Deputy Senior Building Director Heinrich Herrmann in the building construction department, alongside August Kind, the building councilors Hermann Ende , Ludwig Giersberg , Friedrich Adler , Paul Spieker , Reinhold Persius , Gustav Assmann and Julius belonged to the first membership Raschdorff , Johann Jacobsthal , Adolf Heyden , Johannes Otzen , Hermann Blankenstein and Heino Schmieden . That was the top of the German architectural world, with whom August Kind was supposed to work very closely at times.

While in the following years a number of colleagues left or were reappointed due to the substitution rule, August Kind remained in the academy as a full member until his end of service in 1890.

For example, the general design of the Reich Post Office Hamburg - consisting of four floor plans, a facade on the Ringstrasse and explanations - was submitted to the Academy of Civil Engineering for assessment. On July 19, 1882, the academy agreed to the design, as it is "monumental in view of the importance of the building and its preferred location". The experts said that the plan "in its clear and well-arranged arrangement and in its equally worthy, appealing structure for the further processing of the project could serve as a very appropriate document". August Kind himself was very much involved in this design for the post office building in Hamburg, so that the super overhaul was not carried out by him.

Patent for a water jet fan in 1880

It is possible that August Kind had the idea of ​​developing a portable fan on a hydraulic basis while working in the mining administration. With such a fan, the room air should be refreshed, cleaned and cooled by passing stale air through a water curtain. On July 20, 1880, August Kind patented and published a “portable water jet fan for living spaces” under the number 13.492 in the German Reich Patent Office.

Child water jet fan 1880

Shortly afterwards, this development was reported in the leading trade journal "Dinglers Polytechnisches Journal" under the heading "Transportable water jet fan for living spaces". The portable fan was then immediately marketed. Heinrich Mestern's company, Technical Institute for Ventilation, brought the device onto the market under the name “Aeolus”. For this purpose, it had acquired the distribution right and, with some of its own improvements, patented it under the number 19.637 on January 25, 1882 at the Imperial Patent Office and had it protected for worldwide use.

In the American trade press it is said u. a .: “August Kind, Berlin, Germany. This hydraulic ventilator or the air-propelling apparatus is worked by means of water under pressure; and its object is to refresh, purify, moisten, and ft. to cool (or heat) the air of dwelling rooms. ". This invention by August Kind can rightly be seen as a step on the way to modern air conditioning by the American Willis Haviland. There is also evidence of the patenting and use of the fan by children and mesters in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.

August Kind also tried a stationary application in the apparatus room of the Reich Telegraph Office instead of the previous aspiration system. With this, August Kind had developed a product that also fully corresponded to the line of his boss Heinrich Stephan, namely not only to create new places for the increased traffic, but also to make working conditions more pleasant and healthier for the employees. However, the long-term test then revealed problems that made further adjustments necessary.

The fan is referred to below in many publications. The journal for clinical medicine says: “We can therefore use the new water jet fan, the invention of the Geh. Ober -overnmentrath Kind, a capacity known in technical circles, provide a very favorable forecast, since the transportable apparatus (called Aeolus) can be operated directly with pressurized water and, as an air pulsation apparatus, fulfills the desired purpose of refreshing the internal air in buildings. .

The architectural aesthetics and style of the Reichspostbauten

Also with regard to the architectural side of post offices there was v. a. Disputes in the Reichstag. In particular, the central politician August Reichensperger argued in the budget debates about the architectural style that best represented the German Reich in general public construction and in particular in post construction. Reichensperger, who as a Rhinelander detested everything Prussian, was an ardent advocate of the Gothic (more precisely the neo-Gothic) architectural style as a promoter of the further construction of the Cologne Cathedral. At the same time he strongly criticized what he believed to be the prevalence of the Neo-Renaissance in German historicism and clashed with Heinrich Stephan several times.

August Kind essentially implemented the architectural style of his boss, which he basically shared. His credo to adapt the post offices to the majority style of the surroundings in the cities so that a stylistic state building does not level out the artistic plurality, as was the case in France, “where everywhere in the palaces of justice and prefecture buildings the same Corinthian or Doric porticoes gawk at us boringly and where ... there is a dry and deadly schematism ”, also takes hold in Germany. In addition, Stephan also rejected the blanket criticism of the Prussian construction officials. In response to Reichensperger's remark that the head of the postal administration “had to keep so many councils” so that “each of them could master a style perfectly”, because he could not possibly “demand that one of his councils all styles, let alone at the same time with the most difficult , the Gothic style, completely mastered ", Stephan reacted calmly:" I am not bound by the individual technical councilors and other deserving men with whom I have the honor to work in this field, and if it matters, in one to build a special style, the administration has never hesitated to transfer such buildings to outstanding private architects ", taking the building in Hildesheim as an example, the Conrad Hase , one of" the most important authorities in the field of brick Gothic in secular building " had built according to plans by August Kind.

From the point of view of the construction office in the Reichspost, four basic requirements were followed in the construction of the post, which were then poured into stylistic forms according to the local conditions: 1. "Requirements of the public", i.e. the postal users, 2. "Consideration of the health of the civil servants", 3. "Safeguarding the operation endangered under the current conditions" and 4. Use only local building materials if possible.

Reichspost in the mid-80s

Restructuring in the office
At the beginning of 1886 a restructuring was carried out in the technical construction office of the Reich Post Office. August Kind had to be relieved of operational work. a. the management ("Curatorium") of the "Technical Building Office" in the Reich Post Office should be relieved so that he could devote himself to the supervision and planning of building projects in the Reich. The travel expenses alone were considerable for August Kind, for example in 1882 and 1883 he was on the road for a total of 137 days according to the travel accounts.

adoption

On August 31, 1889, August Kind was passed into retirement as the Imperial Real and Secret Upper Government Council and Council of the First Category. A colleague had reported about the following proper farewell party in the building newspaper:

"Last Saturday, d. 5. d. M., the officials of the technical construction bureau of the Reich Post Office, as well as the architects in charge of the local Post Office Directorate rallied once again around their outgoing boss, the Real Secret Governing Councilor A. Kind. In the well-known rooms at Haussmann's, they wanted to make it easier for their old master to say goodbye to their old master at a happy meal: they wanted to express their thanks and respect off-duty. "

The Reich Post Office after August Kind

With the departure of August Kind there was a renewed structural and personnel adjustment in the Reichspostamt, since Oberpostrat Gustav Sachse (1834–1903) (department director) and Ernst Hake (at OPD Trier) were given a new task. Post construction officer Julius Skalweit (1841–1891) as the previous representative, now followed August Kind to the position of head of the technical office. "This choice would serve the general interest all the more as it would guarantee that the German postal construction industry would continue to be guided according to the sound principles by which the previous administration has distinguished itself so advantageously from other building authorities."

Family relationships

Since 1870 August Kind has been mentioned in the Berlin address book as living for rent at Friedrichstrasse 37a. In 1872 the married couple, who were now at a mature age, saw the birth of a pair of twins. The girls were baptized in the Jerusalem Church in Berlin with the names Elisabeth and Maria. However, they were obviously very weak, as they both only survived a few weeks. For the rest of their lives, the Kind family belonged to the Protestant Jerusalem community in Kreuzberg . The daughters Emmy and Lina as well as the sons Alexander and Hugo attended school at this time and also received their confirmation in the Jerusalem Church.

The eldest daughter Emilie Kind married in 1880 in Schöneberg the hydraulic engineer Paul George Friedrich Gerhardt , secret senior civil engineer and lecturer in the Prussian Ministry of Public Works . He came from a large family of builders and was born in Strausberg near Berlin in 1847 . After completing his training, he initially managed the expansion of the Kaiserhafen in Ruhrort before he worked as a hydraulic engineering officer in Königsberg . He was then called to Brandenburg to organize the upcoming improvement measures . From there he moved to the ministry in 1901. After his death in 1923, the widow lived with two remaining sons in Berlin-Schöneberg, where she died in 1942.

The daughter Caroline Kind married the tenant Hugo Seemann from Breesen in Mecklenburg in 1883, also in Schöneberg . The landlord, who was born in Spendin in 1856, devoted himself not only to practical farming on his estate at Breesen, but also to the development of rural welfare and homeland care, for which he co-founded a Mecklenburg regional association. The family had five sons and two daughters. The mother died in Rostock in 1933, one year after her husband .

The son Alexander Kind married Emilie von Borkowsky in Charlottenburg in 1890, a niece of his mother's. The father-in-law Theodor von Borkowsky headed one of Krupp's development offices in Essen . Alexander Kind initially took over the allodial property bought by August Kind in 1889 at Klein Varchow in Mecklenburg as administrator . Apparently not very successfully he ran a fruit processing factory in Ostorf near Schwerin together with Gustav Ihlefeld from 1902 under the name Ihlefeld & Kind . In 1914, his brother Hugo sailor entrusted him with the management of by that founded Mecklenburg construction and settlement mbH with headquarters in Rostock. Unsuccessfully due to the First World War, the family then lived again in Schwerin, where he died around 1926. The family had three sons and three daughters.

The second son, Hugo Kind, devoted himself to the commercial direction. In the late 1880s he made trips to the United States and Argentina. In 1887, as a US citizen in Chicago, he married Clara Pohl from Silesia. Apparently they run a flower shop there. In the late 1890s he returned to Berlin, where he worked as a businessman.

retirement

Relocation to Braunschweig

August Kind moved to Braunschweig in 1890 as a retiree and initially lived at Adolphstrasse 11 in front of the Steintor with his wife and mother-in-law Emilie von Borkowsky.

The last few years in Berlin

In 1897 August Kind moved back to Berlin with his wife. He moved into an apartment on the first floor at Eisenacher Strasse 7. The house was apparently right at the intersection with Motzstrasse, where the Kind family had previously lived and where son Hugo now lived at no. At that time, Eisenacher Strasse, like the entire district, was still under construction.

Grave of the child couple in 1904 and 1915

Death and funeral

In 1903 he suffered a “serious stroke from which he did not fully recover. He celebrated Christmas 1904 with a fairly good mental freshness; but his hope of seeing the golden wedding anniversary that was imminent in 1906 was not fulfilled. A flu attack got him there in a few days. ”This is how his son-in-law described the last weeks of August Kind. He died on December 30th “at three quarter o'clock in the afternoon” and ended a long and prosperous life. On January 2, 1905, the funeral took place with the participation of colleagues and the family in the cemetery of the Jerusalem Community in Berlin .

His widow, Caroline Friederike Henriette Kind, geb. v. Borkowsky, should survive him another ten years. After her husband's death, the widow moved into a smaller apartment at 13 Pariser Strasse on the first floor in Wilmersdorf. A short time later she moved again, now to Stubenrauchstrasse No. 63 on the first floor in the Friedenau district. After all, she had lived in Zehlendorf since 1911, at Spandauer Strasse No. 17 on the ground floor. The widow died on June 20, 1915 and was buried next to her husband in the Jerusalem cemetery in Berlin-Kreuzberg.

But August Kind's work found its benevolent reflection not only in Germany. The Dutch “Bouwkundig weekblad” wrote in 1905: “Van zijne hand zijn de talrijke nieuwe en verbouwde Rijkspost- en telegraafkantoren, dead hij in October 1889 eene welverdiende rust nam. Zelf bemoeide hij zich voornamelijk met de inrichting en de plattegronden…”. So the Dutch Association of Architects also remembered him gratefully.

If one looks at August Kind's work in summary, one can rightly say that he was the decisive body responsible for implementing the monumental buildings of the Reichspost in the era of Heinrich von Stephan.

He was personally responsible for a number of buildings, from functional to architectural planning. For many of them he set the functional course with the floor plan and supervised the architectural and on-site implementation with a keen eye. His personal external impact was certainly limited, because this was covered almost exclusively by Heinrich von Stephan himself. Nevertheless, August Kind had a recognized reputation in specialist circles of his time. Despite repeated allegations, August Kind's work does not appear to have been architecturally single-track, even if the neo-Renaissance style was applied to the main part of his buildings. Because there are also examples of Romanesque ( Aachen ), Baroque ( Trier ) and Gothic ( Cologne and Münster ) styles. Ultimately, the functional requirements resulting from the postal service (parcel, letter, newspaper and money traffic as well as telegraphy and telephony) and also from the existing land forms always had a restrictive effect on the free development of the architecture. In this respect, August Kind had often made sample floor plans based on functional aspects, which should be aesthetically implemented by contractually bound architects (e.g. Raschdorff, Hase, Doflein etc.).

In addition to the postal functionality, an important aspect was the architectural embodiment of the imperial consciousness, to which the post, as the largest imperial authority of the early imperial years, felt the greatest obligation. Not only the officials in the postal service, but also those in the postal construction industry saw themselves committed to the realm to be hewn in stone. In addition to this monumentalism that glorified the empire, the idea of ​​creating office rooms played a role early on in the post office building, which enabled employees to enjoy a good and healthy working atmosphere and customers to enjoy pleasant and efficient service.

Buildings (post office)

According to the list of post offices supervised by August Kind. He had worked directly or indirectly in around 350 post offices in 15 years of service. In the following, important buildings closely related to August Kind's work are listed:

Bremen

• 1875–1878 Bremen, Domsheide 15: Post and telegraph building, Oberpostdirektion ; receive
• Draft: Reichspostamt Berlin, Carl Schwatlo (1st draft) and August Kind (over-planning).
• Construction management: Government builder Ernst Hake
• Construction costs: 1.89 million marks
• Topping-out ceremony: October 22, 1876
• Inauguration: October 1st, 1878 (Participation: Heinrich Stephan with his legal advisor PD Fischer and possibly A. Kind and E. Hake)
• Architectural style: "whose architecture moves in the style of the German Renaissance". It should be emphasized that the historically valuable Renaissance portal of the previous "Eschenhof" was integrated into the post office building after it had previously been thoroughly restored. In addition, the post office was decorated with various figurative decorations on the risalits. In addition, the courtyard area was almost completely covered with a glass roof.

Berlin , money hall at the court post office

• 1876–1884 Berlin, Königstrasse 60 and Spandauer Strasse 19–22 (former general post office), Oberpostdirektion, destroyed
• Design: Carl Schwatlo (elaboration from 1866), August Kind (partly floor plan)
• Construction management: Postrat Wilhelm Tuckermann
• Architectural style: street facades in the style of the Italian Renaissance

Stolp in Pomerania

• 1876–1879 Stolp / Pomerania: Post and telegraph building, opposite St. Marien Church at the corner of Butterstrasse and Predigerstrasse; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind
• Construction management: Wolff post office building officer from Stettin and Fleßburg architect
• Inauguration November 20, 1879 with the participation of Postmaster General H. Stephan and A. Kind (speech)
• Architectural style: Due to the proximity to the Protestant St. Mary's Church, “the facade design was carried out according to the instructions of the Postmaster General in the manner of the medieval Gothic brick buildings with gable development and pinnacles in the risalits”. 1878 was also an important year for August Kind because with the construction of the post office in Stolp, Pomerania, he had to plan a post office in the birthplace of his boss Heinrich Stephan, which was opened in his presence in 1879.

Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains

• 1876–1878 Nordhausen / Harz, Königshof / corner of Dr.-Külz-Straße (formerly: Königshof / corner of Ritterstraße): post and telegraph building; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) and architect Leitlof, Berlin
• Revision, construction management and site management: Master builder Kämmerer
• Architectural style: Architecture: The fronts are designed “in the style of modern raw brick construction using burnt clay decorations”.
• Inauguration: December 30, 1878
• 1995–1997 restoration

Meiningen

• 1877–1879 Meiningen, Wettiner Strasse / corner of Eleonorenstrasse: post and telegraph building ; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Post construction officer Richard Kux
• Inauguration: December 15, 1879
• Architectural style: "as a brick shell in the French Renaissance style"

Neuss

• 1877–1879 Neuss, corner of Neustraße and Promenadenstraße, post and telegraph building; "The last preserved Prussian post office in the Rhineland".
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Visit: June 21, 1879 by Heinrich Stephan,
• Architectural style: It is built with sandstone and offset yellowish bricks, based on the Italian Renaissance.
• Inauguration: October 8th, 1879 visited by the current heads of the post office building administration: According to the report of the "Neusser Zeitung", besides August Kind and the responsible post building advisor Carl Hindorf from Cologne, other local and regional dignitaries were also present for a kind of inauguration.

Emden

• 1876–1879 Emden, corner building on Grosse Brückstrasse and Graupferdstrasse, post office and telegraph building; Except for the northern part, destroyed in World War II
• In 1879 the post and telegraph building in Emden was completed.
• Architectural style: "House in the style of the Renaissance"; The facade is faced with different colored artificial clay stones.
• Construction costs: 480,000 marks
• Inauguration: April 1, 1879 ("with lively festive participation of the citizens and authorities", A. Kind, A. Sachse,)
• Special features: rests on 10 meter long pillars in the ground due to the subsoil conditions

Leipzig

• 1879–1881 Leipzig, Hospitalstrasse (today Prager Strasse 4–10), post and telegraph building ; Refurbished 2009–2011,
• Construction management: Post construction officer Karl Zopf.
• Cooperation: with August Kind.
• Architectural style: Italian Renaissance
• Construction costs: 878,492 marks
• Inauguration: October 16, 1880

Fulda

• 187? –1880 Fulda, on the Unterm Heilig Kreuz square, post and telegraph building; Canceled in 1969,
• Design: August Kind (floor plan).
• Facade planning: Building officer Carl Cuno from Frankfurt a. M.
• Construction management: Architect Leppin
• Architectural style: executed in "strict Renaissance".
• Construction costs: 160,000 marks
• Inauguration: March 1, 1880

Hildesheim

• 1877–1880 Hildesheim, at Domhof No. 30, post and telegraph building; severe damage in 1945, reconstruction in the 1950s, since 1994 the cathedral library has been rebuilt . The late Gothic stone oriel from 1518 was removed before the cathedral post was demolished and moved to the east gable of Domhof 29 A.
• Design: August Kind (floor plan), Conrad Wilhelm Hase (building design),
• Construction management: Post building officer Julius Karl Skalweit from Hanover
• Execution: architect Paul Wohlbrück
• Architectural style: "in the Gothic forms of the Hanoverian architecture school with rich gable development"
• Inauguration: July 1st, 1880 (Participation: StS Stephan, ORR Kind, PR Wittko)
• Special features: inclusion of a late Gothic "stone oriel", which was located at the old post house, in the gable facing the cathedral courtyard.

Munster in Westphalia

• 1876–1880 Münster / Westphalia, Domplatz 6–7 (former Canon Curia), post and telegraph building; destroyed in World War II
• Design: August Kind (floor plan) and Julius Carl Raschdorff (elaboration)
• Construction management: Neumann Post Office Building Officer
• Construction management: Government Builder Jungeblodt and then Government Building Supervisor Otto
• Architectural style: "In view of the structural character of the city of Münster, as well as the location of the property opposite the famous cathedral church, I have decided to have the post and telegraph building built in a Gothic style" (Stephan)
• Construction costs: 670,000 marks
• Inauguration: October 1st, 1880 (Participation: PD Fischer)

Hanover

• 1877–1881, together with Georg Boettger : Hanover, Ernst-August-Platz 2: post and telegraph building; Badly damaged in World War II and then replaced by a new building
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) and post construction officer Julius Karl Skalweit (elaboration)
• Construction management: Post building officer Julius Karl Skalweit
• Construction management: Government builder Gustav Böttger and others
• Construction costs: 920,000 marks
• Architectural style: "moderate German Renaissance" with ancient borrowings
• Inauguration: March 16, 1881

kassel

• 1878–1881 Kassel, Königsplatz: post and telegraph building; destroyed in World War II
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Facade design: Martin Gropius & Heino Schmieden
• Construction management: Post construction officer Carl Cuno from Frankfurt a. M.
• Construction management: Architect Hildebrand (foundation) and government master builder Kux
• Construction work: August Berthold Seyfarth, Kassel
• Architectural style: "the post office building on Königsplatz, built in the style of an Italian palazzo"
• Construction costs: 850,000 marks
• Inauguration: March 22, 1881

Braunschweig

• 1878–1881 Braunschweig, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Straße, Oberpostdirektion , received
• Draft: various but rejected preliminary drafts (master builder Böttger, Prof. Rincklake), August Kind (floor plan)
• Execution: Julius Carl Raschdorff , master builder Fricke,
• Architectural style: "Draft in medieval-Gothic style, specifically in accordance with the floor plans to be set up in the General Post Office."
• Construction costs: 730,000 marks
• Inauguration: March 29, 1881

Berlin , Postfuhramt

• 1875–1881, Berlin, Oranienburger / corner of Tucholskystraße, Postfuhramt , preserved
• Design: Carl Schwatlo, August Kind (participation)
• Execution: Wilhelm Tuckermann

Ruhrort

• 1879–1881 Ruhrort, Karlsplatz 1, post and telegraph building, closed in 2010, used as a day care center in 2016,
• Design: August Kind (floor plan and facade),
• Execution: Carl Hindorf from Cologne, city builder August Jording
• Architectural style: German Renaissance
• Construction costs: approx. 150,000 marks
• Inauguration: March 1st, 1881 (Participation: PD Fischer and August Kind)

Bochum

• 1879–1881 Bochum, Rathausplatz (formerly: Alleestraße 1), post and telegraph building, demolished in 1927
• Design: August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Heinrich Schwenger from Bochum and Postbaurat Neumann from Münster (construction management)
• Execution: Friedrich Wilhelm Maiweg, Langendreer

Rendsburg

• 1878–1881 Rendsburg, Jungfernstieg: Post and telegraph building. Administration for state theater
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Government builder Wegener
• Inauguration: June 1, 1881

trier

• 1879–1882 Trier, Fleischstrasse 57–60: Post and telegraph building ; today hotel use.
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Post construction officer Carl Cuno from Frankfurt a. M.
• Construction management: Government builder Hausmann
• Architectural style: “the forms of the late Renaissance with a slight hint of Roccoco. The valuable architecture of the old building was the reason for choosing the architectural style. "
• Construction costs: 500,000 marks
• Inauguration: April 29, 1882 by August Kind
• Special features: “For the formation of the facades made of ashlar (on the main front made of red and gray-yellow sandstone) it was decisive that the architectural parts of the old post house, the so-called 'Königsburg', which was demolished in 1759 This artistically valuable, monumental building erected for a businessman Vacano was preserved and reused in the new building. "

Flensburg

• 1879–1881 Flensburg, corner of Rathausstrasse and Hofende, post and telegraph building , now used as a hotel.
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Architectural style: German Renaissance
• Construction management: deputy. Post construction officer, government builder Ernst Hake from Hamburg
• Construction management: Architect Hildebrandt
• Construction costs: 375,000 marks
• Inauguration: October 1st, 1881 (participation: August child)

Koblenz

• 1881–1883 ​​Koblenz, Clemensplatz: post and telegraph building ; Badly damaged in World War II and then simplified reconstruction
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Post construction officer Carl Cuno from Frankfurt a. M.
• Construction management: Government builder Richard Kux
• Construction costs: 450,093 marks
• Inauguration: November 15, 1883
• Architectural style: "as a brick shell in the French Renaissance style"

Mühlhausen in Thuringia

• 1880–1882 Mühlhausen, Obermarkt, post and telegraph building; received, sold to private entrepreneurs in 2014 for EUR 404,000.
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) ????
• Construction management:
• Inauguration: 1882
• Architectural style:

Kolberg

• 1880–1883 ​​Kolberg, Kaiserplatz at the corner of Wilhelmstrasse, post and telegraph building; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) ????
• Construction management:
• Inauguration: 1882
• Architectural style: Gothic style

Mannheim

• 1880–1882 Mannheim, ??, post and telegraph building; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) ????
• Construction management:
• Inauguration: November 15, 1883 (participation August child)
• Architectural style:

Leipzig

• 1881–1884 Leipzig, Augustusplatz, extension of the Oberpostdirektion ; New building from 1964
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Ludwig Bettcher
• Inauguration: 1882
• Construction costs: 400,000 marks
• Architectural style: Renaissance

Lübeck

• 1882–1884 Lübeck, Markt, post and telegraph building; Demolished in 2003 and replaced by a modern department store
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, Ernst Hake, August Kind (floor plan) ????
• Construction management: Ferdinand Münzenberger, Lübeck
• Construction costs: 340,000 marks
• Inauguration: 1884
• Architectural style: Gothic style

Erfurt

• 1882–1886 Erfurt, Anger (formerly: Anger 66–68 / corner of Schlösserstraße 47–49): Post and telegraph building / Oberpostdirektion; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan) and Julius Carl Raschdorff (development)
• Construction costs: 722,000 marks
• Architectural style: neo-Gothic styles.

Hamburg

• 1883–1887 Hamburg, Dammtorwall 8: Post and telegraph building, Oberpostdirektion ; receive
• Design: Ernst Hake (first design), Reichspostamt Berlin under the guidance of August Kind (floor plan and second design) and Julius Carl Raschdorff (detailed building design)
• Site management: Ernst Hake
• Construction management: Government building manager Friedrich Ruppel
• Construction costs: 2,083,000 marks
• Architectural style: "As most appropriate to the structural character of the city, the styles of the Renaissance are to be used."
• Inauguration: February 5, 1887 (StS Stephan,)

Wroclaw

• 1884–1888 Breslau, square of Albrecht-, Katharinen-, Grabenstraße and Mäntlergasse, post and telegraph building; not received
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan), Kyllmann & Heiden (design), Carl Doflein (facade)
• Supervision management: Post construction officer Schmedding
• Construction management: Post construction inspector G. Böttger
• Construction costs: 350,000 marks
• Architectural style: neo-baroque
• Inauguration: southern half of 1885, northern half of 1888

Berlin , parcel post office

• 1885–1888 Berlin, Oranienburger Strasse 70, Artilleriestrasse 17–20 and Ziegelstrasse 21–23, parcel post office; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan and design)
• Construction management: Postrat Wilhelm Tuckermann
• Inauguration: 1888
• Architectural style: Renaissance

Quedlinburg

• 1887–1889 Quedlinburg, corner of Bahnhofstrasse and Turnstrasse, post office and telegraph building ; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan)
• Construction management: Reg.Builder Voges
• Inauguration: May 24, 1889 (Dept. Director Fischer, August Kind)
• Architectural style: a design borrowed from the Romanesque architectural style (neo-Romanesque)

Constancy

• 1885–1891 Konstanz, Bahnhofsplatz, Oberpostdirektion ; receive
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan and design),
• Site management: Post construction officer Ludwig Arnold
• Construction management: Karl Buddeberg
• Inauguration: April 24th 1891 (Min.Dir. Sachse, August Kind)
• Construction costs: 512,000 marks
• Architectural style: late Italian Renaissance

Cologne

• 1888–1893 Cologne: post and telegraph building and post office directorate; partially preserved; Demolished in 1997/98
• Design: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind / 1884 design by Carl Hindorf
• Facade design: Reichspostamt Berlin, 1888 Carl Doflein
• Construction management: Post construction councilor Hintze and the government masters Preinitzer, Grimsehl, Wolff, Buddeberg and Trimborn
• Inauguration: November 15, 1893
• Badly damaged in the Second World War and rebuilt in a simplified manner

Frankfurt am Main

• 1887–1889 (1890–1895) Frankfurt am Main, An der Zeil: Oberpostdirektion ; destroyed in World War II
• Draft: first draft of Post Building Councilor Carl Cuno (building draft), August Kind (floor plan), Architects Schmieden & Speer (detailed draft); this draft was discarded and replaced by a new draft (Johannes Skalweit and Heinrich Techow) and implemented by Prinzhausen until 1895.
• Architectural style: Italian Renaissance with echoes of the early Baroque
• Construction costs: 2,089,000 marks

Aachen

• 1889–1893 Aachen, Kappuzinercarree (today): Post and telegraph building / Oberpostdirektion; Almost completely destroyed in World War II
• Draft: Reichspostamt Berlin, August Kind (floor plan), Carl Doflein (draft), Carl Hindorf (draft), E. Neumann (revision of the building draft)
• Construction management: August Kind
• Execution: Carl Hindorf
• Construction costs: 895,000 marks
• Architectural style: "in the Romanesque style"

Awards

• 1868 Red Eagle Order 4th class
• 1877 Order of the Red Eagle 3rd class with ribbon
• 1880 Commander's Cross 1st class with star of the Duke of Saxon Ernestine House Order
• 1883 Red Eagle Order 2nd class with oak leaves
• 1889 Commander's Cross 1st class with star of the Grand Ducal Saxon Weimar-Eisenach House Order of the White Falcon

Fonts

• 1868 District Court establishment in Essen, in: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen XVIII (1868), Heft VIII - X, Sp. 349–352 und Tafeln im Atlasband, pp. 47–51.
• 1872 Explanations of the drafts for apartments for miners, in: Zeitschrift für das Berg-, Hütten- und Salinenwesen in dem Prussischen Staate, Vol. 21, Berlin 1872, pp. 22-26.
• 1901 German roses, German thorns. Patriotic light and shadow images in 72 sonnets. Dedicated to the German nation as an attachment to the new century by August Kind von der Wiehl. (Printed as a manuscript) Berlin 1901. Printed by [the commercial bookstore] Reinhold Kühn. Leipziger Strasse 73/74.

literature

• Andreas Koerner: The district builder August Kind . In: Borbeck contributions . Letter to members of the Kultur-Historischen Verein Borbeck eV, No. 2, Essen 1995, pp. 44–53.
• Günther Kokkelink, Monika Lemke-Kokkelink: Architecture in Northern Germany. Architecture and handicrafts of the Hanover School 1850–1900 . Hanover 1998.
• Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the empire? Kiel 1990 (dissertation).
• Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists , Leipzig 1907 ff.
• Eduard Trier, Willy Weyres (Ed.): Art of the 19th Century in the Rhineland , Vol. 2, Düsseldorf 1981, p. 55.
• Renate Wald, Susanne Zimmermann: The Wiehler great-grandmother and her relatives. Life stories from several generations of a family . Wiesbaden 2003.

Web links

Commons : August Kind  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Record on August Kind in the database of architects and artists with direct reference to Conrad Wilhelm Hase (1818–1902) , last accessed on March 2, 2019
• Holdings for August Kind at the Architekturmuseum der Technische Universität Berlin , last accessed on April 7, 2011

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Minden v. September 18, 1846, p. 227.
2. ^ Correspondence sheet of the Natural History Association of the Prussian Rhineland and Westphalia , Volume 9, Bonn 1852, p. 639. (The recording was before "May 15, 1852".)
3. ↑ This information on the early occupations comes from the traditional farewell poem of his colleagues from Berlin from 1889. See brochure dated October 12, 1889, printed privately in Berlin (picture below).
4. ^ H. Ende: In memory of Richard Lucae. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , Volume 12, 1878, No. 12 (from February 9, 1878), p. 53.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Uwe Kieling: Berlin. Buildings and master builders from the Gothic to 1945. Berlin 2003, p. 294.
6. ^ List of those builders of the Prussian state who are not employed in the state service as civil servants. In: Supplement to the Bauwesen magazine , 4th year 1854, issue 8-10, p. 1 f.
7. ↑ "1853-1856 activity in railway construction" according to the dataset on August Kind in the database architects and artists with direct reference to Conrad Wilhelm Hase (1818-1902)
8. ↑ Bund Deutscher Architekten, Kreisgruppe Essen (ed.): Essen. Architecture guide. Essen 1983.
9. ↑ http://www.ruhr-bauten.de/essens-bauten.html
10. ↑ Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , 7th year 1857, Issue 1/2, Col. 6.
11. ↑ Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 8, 1858, Issue 3, Col. 495. (Photo from "A. Kind from Wiehl")
12. ↑ Otto Biegon of Czudnochchowski: Manual for Masons. About the origin and history of the order. Neuwied 1860, p. 201 and p. 214.
13. ^ The meeting of architects and engineers, held from September 3 to 6, 1862 in Hanover. Hanover 1863, p. 184.
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Andreas Koerner: Kind, August (1824–1904), district builder. In: Borbecker contributions , 2/1995, pp. 44–53.
15. ↑ Norbert Aleweld: The architect Maximilian Nohl 1830-1863. Bonn 1980, p. 26.
16. ^ Ludwig Theben, Theo Kellersohn: Parish Church of St. Dionysius, Essen-Borbeck. In: Heinz Dohmen (ed.): Image of the sky. A thousand years of church building in the diocese of Essen. Hoppe and Werry, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1977, pp. 88–90, here p. 89.
17. ^ Chr. Beckmann: Catholic associations in the Ruhr area. The example of Essen-Borbeck 1900-1933. Dissertation, Münster 1990, p. 81.
18. ↑ http://www.dionysius.de/
19. ^ H. Reif: The belated city. Industrialization, urban space and politics in Oberhausen 1846–1929. two volumes, Cologne 1992/1993. (Quoted from Borbecker Nachrichten of October 10, 1996 - in Dickhoff's folder in the Essen city archive)
20. ^ J. Voß: Immigration to Oberhausen 1850-2000. Oberhausen 2000, p. 27.
21. ↑ Norbert Aleweld: The Christ Church in Oberhausen and the Peace Church in (Mönchengladbach-) Rheydt. Two church buildings by the Iserlohn master builder Maximilian Nohl. In: Der Märker , No. 49 (2000), pp. 118–124 and pp. 157–164.
22. ↑ http://www.christuskirche-oberhausen.de./
23. ^ Roland Günter: Oberhausen. Düsseldorf 1975, pp. 22-24.
24. ↑ Thomas Parent: Churches in the Ruhr area 1850-1935. Münster 1993, p. 99.
25. ↑ Werner Franzen: Places of worship in change. Protestant church building in the Rhineland 1860–1914. Dissertation, University of Duisburg 2002. (Part III: Directory of the new Protestant church buildings in the Rhineland 1860–1914 (1927), No. 16 Christ Church Oberhausen, p. 35 f.)
26. ↑ Consecration to Oberhausen. In: Rheinisch-Westfälische Gesellschaft für Altertumskunde , Volume 8 (1864), No. 9.
27. ↑ Reif: The belated city. ..., p. 105 ff.
28. ^ Roland Günter: Oberhausen. ..., p. 19.
29. ↑ Roland Günter: In the Valley of the Kings. A handbook for traveling to the Emscher, Rhine and Ruhr. Essen 2000, p. 40.
30. ↑ Erwin Dickhoff: Food. 100 years of city surveying. In: Das Münster am Hellweg , Volume 19 (1966), p. 99.
31. ↑ Borbeck Articles , Volume 10, 1994, Issue 1, p. 7. (Note 17)
32. ↑ F. Büscher (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the celebration of the inauguration of the new justice building in Essen on May 17, 1913. P. 50 f.
33. ↑ August Kind: District Court Establishment in Essen. In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 18, 1868, Issue 8–10, Sp. 349–352 (and tables in the Atlas , pp. 47–51).
34. ↑ August Kind: District Court Establishment in Essen. ..., p. 50.
35. ↑ Deutsche Bauzeitung , 2nd year 1868, No. 31 (from July 31, 1868), p. 326 f.
36. ↑ Hermann Schülke: The city of Essen on the Ruhr. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , 4th year 1870, No. 1 (from January 6, 1870), p. 1 ff.
37. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Düsseldorf , No. 36 of July 9, 1863, p. 240.
38. ↑ Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , 17th year 1867, Issue 3–6, Col. 260.
39. ↑ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf District , No. 23 of May 4, 1857, p. 313.
40. ↑ Borbecker Nachrichten of March 31, 1989 - in the Dickhoff folder in the Essen city archive
41. ↑ Borbecker Nachrichten of March 23, 1989 - in the Dickhoff folder in the Essen city archive
42. ^ Essen city archives, street files of the Borbeck mayor's office, no. 146–1183.
43. ↑ Prussian Statistics , Volume 8 (1865), p. 25.
44. ↑ See Personal-Nachrichten, in: DBZ II (1868), No. 10 v. March 6, 1868, p. 93.
45. ↑ See official announcements. Personnel changes among the building officials, in: ZfB XVIII (1868), booklet IV-VII, col. 145.
46. ↑ Cf. Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Marienwerder, No. 12 v. March 18, 1868, p. 62.
47. ↑ Cf. Königlich Prussischer Staats-Anzeiger v. February 11, 1870, No. 36, p. 1. See also official announcements. Personnel changes among the building officials, in: ZfB XX (1870), Book IV-VI, Col. 149.
48. ↑ The mountain spirit. Newspaper for mining, metallurgy and industry, 15 (1870), no. 3 v. February 15, 1870, p. 79.
49. ^ Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state, Vol. 21, Berlin 1872, pp. 22-26. See Niethammer, L., (Ed.), Wohnen im Wandel. Contributions to the history of everyday life in civil society, Wuppertal 1979, p. 291 note 28
50. ^ Hermann Friedberg: The public health care at the Vienna World Exhibition . In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art No. 14, April 3, 1874, Leipzig 1874, pp. 366–368
51. ↑ J.-O. Hesse: In the network of communication. The Reich Post and Telegraph Administration 1876-1914. Munich 2002, p. 63.
52. ↑ PD Fischer: Memories from my life. Berlin 1916, p. 184.
53. ↑ See Deutscher Reichs-Anzeiger, No. 55, p. 1.
54. ↑ BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 7247: Building Management Office, Technical Office and Machine Technology Office, Vol. 1 (1/1872 - 1/1918).
55. ↑ See the results of the Reichs-Postverwaltung during the years 1873-1875, in: Archiv für Post und Telegraphie V (1876), No. 20, p. 610.
56. ↑ See the printed instructions for post office building councils, Berlin 1875. BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 3089 and 3090.
57. ↑ See Hübner, H., Die Posthausgrafik-Sammlung, in: Postpaläste. Posthausgrafik 1871-1900, Berlin 1995, p. 6f.
58. ↑ See Hübner, H., Die Posthausgrafik-Sammlung, in: Postpaläste. Posthausgrafik 1871-1900, Berlin 1995, p. 6f
59. ↑ About some of the plans of the Prussian government concerning state building, in: DBZ XIV (1880) No. 21, v. March 13, 1880, p. 116.
60. ↑ See Personal-Nachrichten. Prussia. The list of members of the Academy of Building, in: DBZ XIV (1880) No. 78, v. September 29, 1880, p. 420.
61. ↑ See the Personal-Nachrichten, in: DBZ XVII (1883), No. 83 v. October 17, 1883, p. 496 or ZdBauverw III (1883), No. 41 v. October 13, 1883, p. 368.
62. ↑ Cf. BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 10067, fol. 175ff.
63. ↑ If applicable also at the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873, where various models of fans were exhibited. Compare Hermann Friedberg: The public health care at the Vienna World Exhibition . In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art No. 14, April 3, 1874, Leipzig 1874, p. 365f.
64. ^ Imperial Patent Office. Patent No. 13492, A. Kind in Berlin, Portable Water Jet Fan for Living Rooms, Class 27, Blowers and Ventilation Devices, issued April 8, 1881, Berlin 1881
65. ↑ Transportable water jet fan for living rooms. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 242, 1881, Miszelle 2, p. 147.
66. ^ New apparatus for ventilation, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 15 v. February 16, 1881, p. 84
67. ^ Imperial Patent Office. Patent No. 19637, H. Mestern in Berlin, portable water jet fan for living spaces, class 27, blowers and ventilation devices, issued on January 25, 1882, Berlin 1882. See innovations in heating and ventilation. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 247, 1883, pp. 23-27.
68. ↑ See American architect and architecture, Vol. 10, New York 1881, p. 224
69. ↑ See Ingels, M., Willis Haviland Carrier, father of air conditioning, Michigan 1952, p. 117.
70. ↑ Misc. Technical facilities in the new Prinz-Theater, in: DBZ XVIII (1884), No. 19 v. March 5, 1884, p. 111
71. ↑ B [üsing], FW, Ventilation apparatus with water jet operation, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 25 v. March 26, 1881, pp. 147-148
72. ^ Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 3, Berlin 1881, p. 401 and German Medical Weekly , Vol. 7, Berlin 1881, p. 317
73. ↑ z. B. Deputy Dr. Reichensperger, in: Stenographic reports on the negotiations of the Reichstag, 15th session on March 14, 1881, p. 319
74. ↑ See Pastor, L., August Reichensperger. 1808 - 1895: his life and work in the field of politics, art and science; shown using his unprinted estate, Freiburg i.Br. 1899, Vol. 2, p. 236.
75. ↑ ^{a b} StS Dr. Stephan . In: Stenographic reports on the negotiations of the Reichstag , 15th session on March 14, 1881, p. 315.
76. ↑ See Oberpostrat Sachse, in: Stenographic reports on the negotiations of the Reichstag, 18th session on March 13, 1880, p. 389.
77. ↑ See letter from State Secretary Stephan v. December 24, 1884, in: BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 3549, building management office, technical construction office and machine technology office, vol. 1: Draft under Ref .: III 40247 zj In the drawing bar: Kasubski on December 23, 1885 and Sachse, child and Griesbach on December 24, 1885, fol. 10f. Fair copy, fol. 12.
78. ↑ This task was passed on to the post office building officer Walter Kessler, who also became Kind's representative.
79. ↑ Cf. Das Reichsbauwesen, Vol. 5, in: BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 3077, fol. 184
80. ^ Retirement documents, in: GStA SPK, I. HA Rep. 89, NBr. 29852, fol. 4-5. See also Personal-Nachrichten, in: DBZ XXIII (1889), No. 75 v. September 18, 1889, p. 454. Cf. ZdBauverw IX (1889), No. 37 v. September 14, 1889, p. 331
81. ↑ See miscellaneous. Farewell ceremony for the real secret senior government councilor A. Kind, in: DBZ XXIII (1889), no. October 12, 1889, p. 501
82. ↑ See miscellaneous. Change in the position of the leading architect of the German post office building administration, in: DBZ XXIII (1889), no. September 18, 1889, p. 454
83. ↑ See death survey. Quays. Really Go Senior Government Councilor a. D. August Kind †, in: DBZ XXXIX (1905), No. 2 v. January 7, 1905, p. XXVIII.
84. ↑ Bouwkundig weekblad. Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Bond van Nederlandse Architecten, Den Haag 1905, p. 22.
85. ↑ Agnes Seemann summarizes: "In 1875, after the establishment of the Reichsbauverwaltung and the appointment of the secret government councilor August Kind as its head, the actual development of the postal architecture began."
86. ↑ See Sybille Fraquelli: In the shadow of the cathedral. Neo-Gothic architecture in Cologne 1815–1914 . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20162-3 , p. 284.
87. ↑ Cf. u. a. Weichlein: “The Reichspost not only constructed the Reich as a postal area, but also represented it in cognitive structures and symbolic forms. She presented the Reich in postal statistics, in the Reichspostmuseum, but above all in the architecture of the post offices. Numerous post houses conveyed directly or indirectly a consciousness and also a view of the Reich. "
88. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, cf. at http://www.glass-portal.privat.t-online.de/cwhase/index.htm and appendix from Agnes Seemann: The "Postpaläste" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation).
89. ↑ See BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 7370 to 7378: Bremen Domsheide, Vol. 1–10 (4/1867 - 8/1893).
90. ↑ “Major changes to the first draft later became necessary with regard to the furnishing, room distribution and architecture of the wing building, as well as with regard to the arrangement of the post office and accessories. These redesigns were essentially made under the influence of the secret government councilor child. ”The new Reichs-Post- und Telegraphengebäude in Bremen, in: Archiv für Post und Telegraphie VI (1878), Nr. 19, S. 581.
91. ↑ "Nordic High Renaissance, which is known to have flourished in Bremen". Schwatlo, C., Imperial General Post Office in Berlin, in: ZfB XXV (1875), Heft I-III, Sp. 308.
92. ↑ Cf. The building industry of the German Reichs-Post- und Telegraphen-Verwaltung, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 35 v. April 30, 1881, p. 204. See also Bremen and his buildings, Bremen 1900, p. 276ff.
93. ↑ See Berlin and his buildings, Der Hochbau, Berlin 1896, pp. 89–90.
94. ↑ Cf. Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the empire? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), pp. 27-29.
95. ↑ Cf. The inauguration of the post and telegraph building in Stolp in Pomerania, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy, 1879, p. 760. Cf. Ueber the new post and telegraph building in Stolp, in: DBZ XIII ( 1879), No. 104 v. December 31, 1879, p. 535 and construction chronicle. Buildings, in: ibid., No. 102 v. December 24, 1879, p. 526.
96. ↑ Ibid., P. 761. Cf. also Agnes Seemann: Die "Postpaläste" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 74 ff.
97. ↑ See BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 9388: Nordhausen, Vol. 1 (10/1873 - 6/1877). See Hinsching, S., (edit.), Das imperial post and telegraph building in Nordhausen, Koblenz 1998.
98. ↑ Schwatlo, C., Imperial General Post Office in Berlin, in: ZfB XXV (1875), Heft I-III, Sp. 303.
99. ↑ After the great city fire of 1874, as part of the reconstruction of the inner city in 1877, construction of the post office was also started. See Meiningen post office . See also BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 9375: Meiningen, Vol. 1 (7/1867 - 12/1877).
100. ↑ https://www.altepost.de/ueber-uns/
101. ↑ See Huck, J., Postgeschichtliche Streiflichter from Neuss, in: Postgeschichte am Niederrhein 1 (1979), p. 41ff. Cf. also Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the empire? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 30 f.
102. ↑ http://www.landesmuseum-emden.de/277-0-86
103. ↑ See building chronicle. Taken into use respectively. were inaugurated: high-rise buildings. The new post and telegraph building in Emden, in: DBZ XIII (1879), no. May 31, 1879, p. 222.
104. ^ C. Stötzner: Description of the ensemble of the parcel and newspaper post office. In: Die Gartenlaube, year 1881, pp. 411–414
105. ↑ Cf. Archive for German Postal History, ed. vd Society for German Postal History, 1991, p. 71.
106. ↑ "The building plan came from Oberregierungsrat Kind (General Post Office), Postbaurat Cuno from Frankfurt was responsible for the facade. On March 1st, 1880 at 1 p.m. the ceremonial handover of the house took place, which had cost 160,000 gold marks and its beauty ... “Mott, M., Fulda then and now: when houses, squares and streets tell stories, vol. 1, Fulda 2000, p. 19. Cf. also The new post and telegraph building in Fulda, No. 12, pp. 377–378.
107. ↑ See building chronicle. Buildings, in: DBZ XIV (1880) No. 68, v. August 25, 1880, p. 368.
108. ↑ See the new post and telegraph building in Hildesheim i. H., in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy, 1880, p. 519ff. Cf. also Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), pp. 56-59
109. ↑ See Kokkelink, G./Hammerschenk, H., Laves and Hannover, Hannover 1989, p. 344f.
110. ↑ Illustration and data on the neo-Gothic cathedral post
111. ↑ Construction history. Buildings, in: DBZ XIV (1880) No. 68, v. August 25, 1880, p. 368. See also Kokkelink, G./Lemke-Kokkelink, M., Baukunst in Norddeutschland. Architecture and arts and crafts of the Hanover School 1850–1900, Hanover 1998, pp. 253f.
112. ↑ See Bauchronik. High-rise buildings: The new Reich Post and Telegraph Building in Münster, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 4 v. January 12, 1881, p. 21.
113. ↑ See BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 11566 to 11571: Münster, Vol. 8–13 (12/1876 - 10/1907). See also The new Reich Post and Telegraph Building in Münster i. W., in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy VIII (1880), No. 23, pp. 745–750.
114. ↑ See Bauchronik. High-rise buildings: The new Reich Post and Telegraph Building in Münster, DBZ XV (1881) No. 4, v. January 12, 1881, p. 21
115. ↑ BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 11566, fol. 10ff.
116. ^ Franz Rudolf Zankl (Ed.): List of Architects, compiled with the collaboration of Helmut Zimmermann , in ders .: Hanover. From the old train station to the new town hall. Pictorial documents on urban development in the second half of the 19th century , exhibition guide of the Historisches Museum am Hohen Ufer, Hanover, 1975, p. 42f.
117. ↑ Cf. Böttger, G., Some of the more recent building activities in Hanover (Post am Bahnhof), in: DBZ XIII (1879), No. 95, p. 485. Cf. also “Travel Report of the Secret Government Councilor”, in: BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 3075, Establishment and organization of a separate imperial building system, fol. 30ff.
118. ↑ Cf. Böttger, G., Das Post- und Telegraphengebäude zu Hannover, in: Zeitschrift des Architekten- und Ingenieurverein Hannover 29 (1883), Sp. 55–62 and 181–190. See also Holekamp, ​​J., The new post and telegraph office building in Hanover, in: Baugewerks-Zeitung XIII (1881), pp. 94, 100 and 110. Agnes Seemann: The “Post Palaces” Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 63
119. ↑ See explanatory report on the draft for the new construction of a post and telegraph building in Cassel, pp. 1–22, in: BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 3089, Dienstanweisung für Postbauräte, Vol. 1, fol. 125-137.
120. ↑ Cf. The new post and telegraph building in Cassel, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy IX (1881), No. 6, p. 199. Construction chronicle. Buildings and monuments [Kassel and Osnabrück], in: DBZ XV (1881), no. 35 v. April 30, 1881, p. 209. in: ibid., No. 41 v. May 21, 1881, p. 243. Cf. also Agnes Seemann: The “Post Palaces” Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 61 f. and Martin Gropius, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 57 v. July 16, 1881, p. 324.
121. ↑ See http://www.glass-portal.privat.t-online.de/cwhase/index.htm
122. ↑ See http://www.glass-portal.privat.t-online.de/hs/sz/seyfarth_ab.htm
123. ↑ See http://www.kassel.de/cms02/stadt/geschichte/chronik/info/09469/index.html
124. ↑ Cf. 100 Years of the Braunschweig Post Office Directorate 1868–1968. Festschrift for the centenary of the OPD Braunschweig, Braunschweig 1968. Agnes Seemann: The "Postpalaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 46ff.
125. ↑ Cf. The OPD building in Braunschweig, vol. 1, in: BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, no. 7260, fol. 123, “Journey Report of the Secret Government Councilor Child”, in: ibid., No. 3075, Establishing and Organizing Your Own Imperial Building, fol. 29
126. ↑ Cf. Thiede, O./Wacker, J., Chronology of Potsdam and the surrounding area: the cultural landscape from 800 to 1918. Brandenburg, Potsdam, Berlin, Potsdam 2007, vol. 2, p. 621.
127. ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Postamt_Ruhrort
128. ↑ See building chronicle. Buildings and monuments: The inauguration of the new post and telegraph buildings in Ruhrort and Annaberg, in: DBZ XV (1881), no. April 13, 1881, p. 180. See also Das neue Reichs-Post- und Telegraphen-Gebäude in Ruhrort, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy IX (1881), No. 12, pp. 373–376.
129. ↑ See the compilation by Frank Roesler in: http://www.ruhr-bauten.de/bochum-postbauten.html
130. ↑ Cf. The building industry of the German Reichs-Post- und Telegraphen-Verwaltung (conclusion). The post and telegraph building in Rendsburg, in: DBZ XV (1881), no. June 18, 1881, p. 283.
131. ↑ Wolfgang Mahnkopf: Landestheater wants the old post. Kieler Nachrichten, June 5, 2015, accessed on July 29, 2017 . 
132. ↑ Cf. BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 10609, Posthaus Rendsburg, fol. 24. A comparison of the two post office buildings shows that there are no differences with the exception of an extended side facade in Rendsburg.
133. ↑ Cf. Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 77 and construction history. Buildings and monuments, DBZ XV (1881) No. 51, v. June 25, 1881, p. 299.
134. ↑ See BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 12378 to 12382: Posthaus in Trier, Vol. 4–8 (12/1867 - 11/1890).
135. ^ The new post and telegraph building in Trier, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy X (1882), no. ??, p. 299.
136. ↑ Construction history. Buildings, in: DBZ XVI (1882), No. 47 v. June 14, 1882, p. 278.
137. ↑ See building chronicle. Buildings, in: DBZ XV (1881), No. 105 v. December 31, 1881, p. 589. Construction chronicle. Buildings and monuments, in: DBZ XVI (1882), No. 52 v. June 30, 1882, p. 309. See also the reflection in Weichlein, S., Nation und Region. Integration processes in the Bismarck Reich, Düsseldorf 2004, p. 134.
138. ^ The opening of the new post and telegraph building in Flensburg, in: APT IX (1881), No. 22, p. 673ff.
139. ↑ Cf. Die Post zu Coblenz: Memorandum to move into the new Reichs-Post- und Telegraphen-building on November 15, 1883, Koblenz 1883. Cf. also BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 9375: Meiningen, Vol. 1 (7 / 1867 - 12/1877).
140. ↑ See Foermer, R., Die Post in Koblenz, in: Archive for German Post History 1960, Issue 2, p. 30. Gerten, E., Die Post in Koblenz 1490 - 1990, information sheet on the occasion of the exhibition in the Middle Rhine Post Museum Koblenz from October 28, 1990 to February 3, 1991
141. ↑ Cf. The opening of the new post and telegraph building in Coblenz, ZdBauverw VII (1887), No. 37, p. 351.
142. ↑ Cf. Postbauten des Deutschen Reichs, Leipzig 1888, text to depict the post office building in Koblenz. See also http://www.theatergemeinde-koblenz.de/45postdirektion.htm  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
143. ^ Cf. Westphal, G., Die Post in Kolberg. Postal history - Philately, Hamburg 1996, p. 88ff.
144. ↑ See the following: The inauguration of the new post and telegraph building in Mannheim, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy XI (1883), no. ??, pp. 45–49
145. ↑ Leipzig and its buildings . Gebhardt, Leipzig 1892, pp. 143 and 145 ( digitized version )
146. ↑ Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 103 ff. Site plan and correspondence, in BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 3077, fol. 114ff.
147. ↑ Cf. Das neue Reichs-Post- und Telegraphengebäude in Lübeck, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy XIII (1885), No. ??, pp. 641–64 ?. Neumann, R., building for the post, telegraph and telephone service, in: Handbuch der Architektur, part 4, half-volume. 2, No. 3, Darmstadt 1896, pp. 77-80.
148. ↑ See http://www.glass-portal.privat.t-online.de/hs/mr/muenzenberger_ferdinand.htm
149. ↑ See BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 9249: Posthaus in Erfurt, Vol. 10-13 (2/1868 - 7/1888). See also Postbauten des Deutschen Reichs, Leipzig 1888, text on the illustration of the post office in Erfurt.
150. ↑ Cf. The new post and telegraph building on Stephansplatz in Hamburg, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy, XV (1887), No. 4, p. 100f. See also the short report The Post and Telegraph Building in Hamburg, in: ZfB XXXX (1890), Sp. 327-330. See also BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 10067, pp. 101ff.
151. ↑ In it extensive personal report. See ibid, fol. 132ff. and 161ff.
152. ↑ See ibid., 162.
153. ↑ Cf. The inauguration of the new Reich Post and Telegraph Building in Hamburg, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy, XXV (1887), No. 3, pp. 65–74.
154. ↑ Cf. The Imperial Post and Telegraph Building in Breslau. Festschrift for the opening, in: folder of the Postmuseum Frankfurt / M.
155. ↑ Berlin and its buildings, Vol. II and III: Der Hochbau, Berlin 1896, pp. 91–92.
156. ^ The inauguration of the new post and telegraph building in Quedlinburg, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy XVII (1889), No. 12, pp. 353–358.
157. ↑ BArch, Archives Lichterfelde, No. 10827 to 10831: Posthaus in Konstanz (Bahnhofplatz), Vol. 1–5 (6/1871 - 3/1896). Memorandum for the opening of the new Reich Post u. Telegraph building in Konstanz on April 25, 1891, Konstanz 1891, p. 3.Cf. also The new post and telegraph building in Konstanz, in: Archive for Post and Telegraphy XIX (1891), No. 10, p. 331.
158. ^ The new post and telegraph building in Cologne in: DBZ XXVII (1893), No. 94 v. November 25, 1893, p. 580 and No. 100 BC December 16, 1893, p. 619.
159. ↑ See Post and Telegraphy in Frankfurt am Main. Memorandum for the inauguration of the new Reich post and telegraph building on the Zeil and the monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I donated by the Frankfurt merchant class for the same on October 18, 1895, Frankfurt am Main 1895. Cf. also Agnes Seemann: Die "Postpaläste" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 187 ff.
160. ↑ Cf. BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 6807 to 6810: Das neue Posthaus in Aachen, Vol. 1 (1/1885 - 12/1886), Vol. 2 (3/1887 - 6/1888), Vol. 3 ( 7/1888 - 4/1889), Vol. 4 (5/1889 - 8/1890). Cf. Agnes Seemann: The "Post Palaces" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 177 ff. Cf. also short report in: Zeitschrift für Architektur und Ingenieurswesen in Hannover, 35 (1889), p. 500.
161. ↑ See Prussian Buildings on the Rhine, edited by the Institute for State and Urban Development Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Dortmund 1983, p. 85. See also Agnes Seemann: Die "Postpaläste" Heinrich von Stephans. Functional buildings for traffic or architecture in the service of the Reich? Kiel 1990 (dissertation), p. 178. See also Poll, B., Geschichte Aachens in Daten, Aachen 1960.
162. ↑ "The draft is under the direction of Mr. Geh. Higher government councilor child in the imperial post office was set up by architect C. Doflein. “Post and telegraph building in Aachen, in: ZdBauverw IX (1889), No. 1, v. January 5, 1889, p. 3.
163. ↑ Cf. Bringmann, M., Studies on Neo-Romanesque Architecture in Germany, Heidelberg 1968, p. 393, note 867. Cf. BArch, Archiv Lichterfelde, No. 6808, fol. 64f.
164. ↑ See Hübner, H., (Ed.), Postpaläste. Posthausgrafik 1871 - 1900, Berlin 1995, p. 25.