Ministry of Public Works
A Ministry of Public Works has existed in various states. Most of them were or are responsible for the construction and expansion of the state infrastructure such as roads , rail transport networks , canal construction and river regulations as well as the standardization of dimensions and weights.
Examples
Belgium
The “Ministerie van Openbare Werken” was established on January 13, 1837 as the sixth Belgian ministry. The state reform from 1988 to 1989 transferred responsibility for this area to the regions. By royal decision of June 27, 1990, the Ministry was repealed.
China
The "Ministry of Public Works" ( Chinese 工部 , Pinyin Gōngbù ) was one of the six ministries of Imperial China . It existed in this form from the Tang dynasty (618–907) until the fall of the monarchy in 1911. a. the Supreme Overseer for agriculture perceived in the Song period at times from the Finance Committee . Otherwise, the scope of responsibility of the Ministry of Public Works has been changed several times; under the Ming Dynasty he included u. a.
- Construction of state buildings
- Road construction and hydraulic engineering
- Irrigation measures
- Procurement
- Standardization, see old weights and measures (China)
- Control over certain products
- Supervision of warehouses and large craft businesses
- Forced recruitment of public works personnel
France
In France, the Ministry of Public Works (Ministère des Travaux publics) was created in 1837 from the Direction générale des ponts et chaussées (General Directorate for Bridges and Roads).
Italy
The Italian Ministry of Public Works ( Ministero dei lavori pubblici ) was established in 1848 in the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont . The Italian nation state emerged from this kingdom in 1861, which is why the ministry became Italian that year. In 2001 the Ministry of Transport was merged to form the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport .
Japan
The "Ministry of Public Works" ( 工部 省 , Kōbu-shō ) created at the end of 1870 was one of the ministries in the Dajōkan in the early Meiji period . The Dajōkan was the variant of the Daijō-kan , which was initially reactivated during the modernization of Japan , the administrative structure set up in the 7th century based on the Chinese model. The ministry was responsible for the introduction of western technologies, in particular for the modernization of industrial and mining operations and the communication and transport routes, including the planning of the first railway line in Japan. In late 1885, it was dissolved with the creation of the modern Japanese cabinet . The tasks of the Kōbu-shō took over the Ministry of Communications (Teishin-shō) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Trade ( Nōshōmu-shō ).
Surname | Kanji | Start of office | End of office |
---|---|---|---|
Minister ( 工部 卿 , Kōbu-kyō ) | |||
Itō Hirobumi | 伊藤 博 文 | Oct 25, 1873 | May 15, 1878 |
Inoue Kaoru | 井上 馨 | July 29, 1878 | Sep 10 1879 |
Yamada Akiyoshi | 山田 顕 義 | Sep 10 1879 | Feb. 28, 1880 |
Yamao Yozo | 山 尾 庸 三 | Feb. 28, 1880 | Oct 21, 1881 |
Sasaki Takayuki | 佐 々 木 高行 | Oct 21, 1881 | Dec 22, 1885 |
Vice Minister ( 工部 大 輔 , Kōbu-taifu ) | |||
Yamao Yozo | 山 尾 庸 三 | Oct. 27, 1872 | Feb. 28, 1880 |
Yoshii Tomozane | 吉 井 友 実 | June 17, 1880 | Jan. 10, 1882 |
Inoue Masaru | 井上 勝 | July 8, 1882 | Dec 22, 1885 |
Namibia
Austria-Hungary
In Austria-Hungary there was also an imperial and royal ministry for public works for the Cisleithan part of the empire until the end of the monarchy . It was run as the State Office for Public Works until 1919, when it was dissolved, and the affairs of the Ministry of Commerce were subordinated. In 1945 there was also a state office for public buildings for a short time , which was then incorporated into the Federal Ministry for Trade and Reconstruction .
Prussia
In the government of the Kingdom of Prussia , Otto von Bismarck separated from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Public Works on April 17, 1878 the Ministry of Public Works . The latter was mainly responsible for the state building administration, the railways and the waterways . With the Royal Prussian State Railways (KPSt.E.) it operated the largest railway in the world at the time. The first minister was Albert von Maybach . After the Prussian State Railroad (P.St.B.) had been integrated into the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (from 1924 Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft , DRG) on April 1, 1920 , the ministry was dissolved by law of August 15, 1921. His responsibilities - including the remaining responsibilities for the railway system - reverted to the Ministry of Commerce, which at that time was called the Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests and for Trade and Industry .
Spain
In Spain there was the Ministro de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo from 1931 to 1991 . It was then merged with the Ministry of Transport to form the Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Transportes y Medio Ambiente , and is now the Ministerio de Fomento ( Ministry of Infrastructure ).
literature
- Michael Loewe : The China of the Emperors. Vienna / Berlin 1966, p. 184ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ 太政官時代V . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 10, 2012 ; Retrieved November 29, 2009 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Changes in the State Ministry . In: Provinzial-Correspondenz , April 3, 1878
- ↑ Railway Directorate in Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Railway Directorate in Mainz of October 29, 1921, No. 61. Announcement No. 1172, p. 671.
- ↑ Historia de los ministerios de Fomento de España in the Spanish language Wikipedia