Albert von Maybach

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Albert von Maybach (1877), Royal Prussian Minister of Commerce
Signature Albert von Maybach.PNG

Arnold Heinrich Albert Maybach , from 1888 by Maybach , (born November 29, 1822 at Gut Abdinghof near Werne ( Westphalia ); † January 21, 1904 in Charlottenburg near Berlin ) was a German lawyer and minister in the Kingdom of Prussia .

Life

Origin and education

Albert von Maybach

Albert von Maybach was the son of the mayor of Werne, Friedrich Maybach (1776–1841; mayor: 1820–1836) and his wife, Johanna Helena, née Homann. The family was Roman Catholic .

Maybach attended the Petrinum Recklinghausen grammar school and studied law and political science in Bonn , Heidelberg and Berlin . Since 1842 he was a member of the Corps Hansea Bonn I . He joined the Prussian judicial service as a trainee lawyer in 1847 .

Professional career

Beginnings

In 1850 he became a court assessor and in 1852 a district judge in Hagen . In 1854 he moved to the Prussian railway administration. Since he was of the Roman Catholic denomination , completely different perspectives opened up to him there than in the traditional administration, which in Prussia was for a long time dominated by Protestants and aristocrats .

Railway administration

He began his "railway career" at the Royal Railway Directorate of the Eastern Railway in Bromberg as a government assessor. The Prussian Eastern Railway was at that time with 662 km length of the route , the largest Prussian state railway . As early as 1855 he was appointed State Commissioner for the Upper Silesian Railway . After discovering there was economic manipulation to the detriment of the state, he urged the responsible minister, August von der Heydt , to nationalize the railway, which was not nationalized in 1856, but its operation was taken over by the state railway. The railway was now managed by the newly established Wroclaw Railway Directorate, of which Maybach became the first director.

This paved his way for him to the Prussian Ministry of Commerce , where he moved in 1858 as a lecturing council with the title of a "Secret Upper Government Council" under Minister August von der Heydt. Here he was mainly busy getting the financial disorder of the Rhein-Nahe-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft under control. In doing so, he increasingly developed into a proponent of a railway system based exclusively on state railways. He thus set himself in opposition to the new trade minister, Count Heinrich Friedrich von Itzenplitz , who at least advocated a mixed system, but had great sympathy for privately financed railway companies.

When Prussia annexed the Kingdom of Hanover after the German War , the Royal Prussian Railway Administration of Hanover was formed from its central state railway administration and Maybach was transferred there as its first director on March 1, 1867. When Count von Itzenplitz finally overthrew Henry Strousberg over the railway scandal over the "railway king" Bethel in 1873 , Maybach was called back to Berlin to oversee the private railways in the Ministry of Commerce. After the resignation of Friedrich-Wilhelm Scheele , Otto von Bismarck made him second head of the Reich Railway Authority, which had been founded the year before . Bismarck's project to acquire the most important railway companies for the Reich, however, failed due to the contradiction of the states . Likewise, the draft of a Reich Railroad Act submitted by Maybach to the Federal Council in 1875 was rejected there. Maybach was no longer interested in an authority that had hardly any competencies. However, he did not switch to the private sector - for example, there was an offer to him from Alfred Krupp - but returned to the Ministry of Commerce as Undersecretary of State. In 1878, Minister of Commerce Heinrich von Achenbach , who was also Minister of Public Works , resigned and Maybach became his successor on March 30, 1878 in both functions.

minister

Albert von Maybach bust, by Martin Götze

In 1879 the personal union between the two ministries was abolished and Maybach remained the ministry for public works. Maybach was also responsible for the Prussian State Railways there . At the same time he was head of the Reich Office for the Administration of the Reich Railways in Alsace-Lorraine . As a minister, he now worked with Otto von Bismarck to nationalize the railways in Prussia. He organized this largely as a purchase. For one thing, the state bought shares in the railway companies directly . On the other hand, he threatened to grant concessions for competing railway lines and with tariff dumping . In doing so, he moved shareholders to exchange their shares for government bonds . When Maybach left office in 1890, Prussia had bought 14,056 km of railway lines for 2.8 billion marks . In the year after Maybach's departure, the Prussian state railways made a profit of 318 million marks, which corresponds to an interest rate of more than 10%. When he left the civil service, the purely state railroad system was essentially in place in Prussia and the reform of the administration of the Prussian state railroad network that he had initiated was completed.

Shortly after Kaiser Wilhelm II took office in 1888, there was an incident between Kaiser and Maybach, because Majesty criticized the minister for the fact that a train crew had refused to violate safety regulations, in order to avoid some members of the court who missed the departure of the court train had to make it possible to follow the train into the block section still occupied by the court train on a spare locomotive kept ready . Maybach remained in office only through the mediation of Bismarck.

Political mandates

From 1882 to 1888 and again from 1890 to 1893 Maybach was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives , where he did not join any parliamentary group.

Honors

Albert von Maybach's grave in the old St. Matthew Cemetery Berlin (Dept. H)

Albert von Maybach was an honorary citizen of Bromberg .

He was holder of the following medals:

Germany

Other states

In 1888 he was raised to the nobility and since then has been called Albert von Maybach .

Albert von Maybach died of a stroke on January 21, 1904 . He was buried in the old St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof in (Berlin-) Schöneberg, the tomb has been preserved. The grave of his daughter Helene and her husband Robert Hausmann was also located here , but it was leveled. At the Maybach tomb there is a commemorative inscription for his wife, Marie, nee, who was not buried here . Brefeld (1831-1886). His grave was dedicated to the city of Berlin from 1987 to 2009 .

Schools, streets and squares were named after Maybach, e.g. B. Maybachstrasse in Kiel- Gaarden-Süd . The Maybach mine in the Friedrichsthal district of the same name in Saarland was also given the name of the Prussian Minister of Public Works in 1882. In the vicinity of his place of work in Berlin, a square was named after him in 1883/84 and, because of his responsibility for waterways, the Maybachufer on the Landwehr Canal in Rixdorf .

literature

In alphabetical order by authors / editors:

Web links

Commons : Albert von Maybach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 394, note 1.
  2. ↑ Kösener Corps Lists 1910, "22", 10.
  3. ^ A b Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 181.
  4. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 183.
  5. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 184.
  6. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 185.
  7. ^ A b Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 186.
  8. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 187.
  9. ↑ a b c Maybach. In: Viktor von Röll (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Railway System. Volume 7.
  10. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 187 f.
  11. ^ A b c Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 189.
  12. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 191.
  13. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 192.
  14. ^ Ottmann: Albert von Maybach. P. 193.
  15. ↑ Bernhard Mann (edit.): Biographical manual for the Prussian House of Representatives. 1867–1918 = Handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties , Volume 3. Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, p. 265. ZDB -ID 1182123-1
  16. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1891. Berlin 1890, p. 172.
  17. ↑ Hans-G. Hilscher, Dietrich Bleihöfer: Maybachstrasse. In: Kiel Street Lexicon. Continued since 2005 by the Office for Building Regulations, Surveying and Geoinformation of the State Capital Kiel, as of February 2017 ( kiel.de ).
  18. ↑ Maybachplatz . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  19. ↑ Maybachufer. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
personal data
SURNAME Maybach, Albert von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Maybach, Arnold Heinrich Albert von (full name); Maybach, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, Prussian government official (Minister of Public Works)
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Gut Abdinghof near Werne
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1904
Place of death Charlottenburg