Oberpostdirektion Braunschweig
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The Oberpostdirektion Braunschweig was a Oberpostdirektion set up in Braunschweig . It already existed before as the Duke of Brunswick Railway and Post Office. With the entry of the Duchy of Braunschweig into the Northern German postal district on January 1, 1868, it became the Oberpostdirektion Braunschweig. In 1977 the Oberpostdirektion became part of the OPD Hanover / Braunschweig .
history
The reason for the foundation was Article 48 of the new Reich constitution: " The postal system and the telegraph system are set up and administered for the entire area of the North German Confederation as a unified state transport authority ." The Prussian administrative system was adopted. The new “Bundes-Ober-Postdirektion” was now subordinate to the Königl. Prussian General Post Office in Berlin as a central authority. The management was entrusted to the Brunswick Finance Councilor Rudolf Schottelius.
ladder
- January 1, 1868 - March 31, 1881: Rudolf Schottelius, Chief Postal Director
- May 1, 1881 - December 31, 1886: Robert Clavel, Imperial Chief Postal Director
- January 1, 1887 - January 30, 1900: Gustav Graefe, Imperial Chief Postal Director
- April 1, 1900 - October 1, 1908: Heinrich Tasche, Imperial Chief Postal Director
- October 1, 1908 - October 28, 1921: Johann Berr, Privy Senior Post Councilor
- March 1, 1922 - January 31, 1925: Oskar Grosse, Privy Senior Post Councilor
- April 1, 1925 - February 24, 1928: Gustav Groß, Privy Senior Post Councilor
- April 2, 1928 - November 1, 1933: Otto Eggers, President
- April 1, 1934 - late 1935: Heinrich Voelker, President
- May 1, 1936 - May 31, 1939: Johannes Schmidt, President
- June 1, 1939 - May 10, 1945: Rudolf Drews, President
- May 10, 1945 - September 30: Ferdinand Zaubitzer, President
- October 1, 1946 - February 12, 1953: Wilhelm Mönkemeyer, President
- March 1, 1953 - March 25, 1960: Gerhard Randt, President
- June 15, 1960 - January 31, 1963: Richard Kießler, President
- May 6, 1963 - 1977: Karl Wenzlau, President
building
The new authority was housed in the main building on Poststrasse / Dasekenstrasse (today department store, Poststrasse / Gördelingerstrasse ). The building had been used by the imperial Thurn and Taxis Post Office since 1693 and housed the Ducal Court Post Office from 1748. Later the post office took it on. It was not enough when a new street was built from the train station to Münzstraße in 1876, later Friedrich-Wilhelm-Straße.
Here in the years 1878/81, according to the floor plan by August Kind , the building department in the Reichs-Postamt, Professor Julius Carl Raschdorff and Landesbaumeister Fricke built a three-story post office, which was previously housed separately from the post office to accommodate the telegraph office. In addition, the service rooms for the head post office and service apartments for the head of the OPD and the post office, as well as for the caretaker and a subordinate have been prepared in the new house. The then General Postmaster Heinrich Stephan , who was very interested in the construction of the post office in the new Reichspost , also came to Braunschweig once to learn about the progress made in the construction of the building. Coming from the train station, he found to his surprise on Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse that the dominant main entrance in the middle of the building did not coincide with the center line of Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse. (He had moved too far to the right as a result of a subsequent change in the road layout.) Stephan was so upset and upset about this that he immediately turned back and did not attend the inauguration ceremony (1881) of the building.
In 1891 a neighboring property was bought and the telegraph office and the packing room of the post office were housed in the building erected on it. ( "Packing chamber": this is where the packages are stacked and processed for shipping )
In 1902 a third floor had to be built on the side wing facing the courtyard. Just two years later, the Reichsbank building on Kattreppeln and Johannishof was purchased. Despite these measures, “the OPD building burst at the seams over the next few years”. The First World War , inflation and the Second World War prevented an urgently needed new building. In the meantime, rooms in private buildings had to be rented to accommodate individual departments of the Oberpostdirektion. The air war, which increased towards the end of the war, exacerbated the situation. In April 1944 the salary fund at the bank square was bombed out. After the destruction of Braunschweig in October of the same year, it was relocated to Schöppenstedt together with the Post-Savings and Loans Association. The Post Company Health Insurance Fund moved to Groß Schwülper and the Reich Post Health Care Fund moved to Ohrum. Only at the end of May 1945 did these offices return to Braunschweig. Fortunately, the OPD building survived the war without any significant damage. After the currency reform , the volume of traffic increased to an unprecedented extent. The Oberpostdirektion was forced to accommodate additional offices in rented rooms that were scattered all over the city.
On April 16, 1959, the foundation stone for one of the most modern post offices in the Federal Republic was laid at the Braunschweig train station. As the construction phases progressed, the first offices could already be accommodated in the new building on “Berliner Platz” in 1960. This made it possible to re-house the offices of the Oberpostdirektion in the OPD building or to move them together in the immediate vicinity. In 1968 there were still 13 offices in six different private buildings near the Oberpostdirektion. The "space war" that had been going on for about seventy years was over.
The remaining post office on Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse became “Braunschweig 31” while the post office at the train station on “Berliner Platz” became “Braunschweig 1”. At the same time, all post offices and post offices were given new post office designations on November 14, 1966.
The high-rise administration building [Post-Toblerone] in the post center at the new train station, completed in 1990, was supposed to bring the reunification of all departments of the Oberpostdirektion in a new building adapted to the current needs. Instead, the OPD Hanover took over the Oberpostdirektion, except for Department IV, Household, Purchasing Braunschweig. Now the Oberpostdirektion district Braunschweig was subordinate to the OPD Hannover / Braunschweig under the direction of Horst Zech.
District of the Oberpostdirektion
The former Brunswick postal area - it consisted of the Duchy of Brunswick with its exclaves Calvörde , Bodenburg , Ölsburg and Thedinghausen (on the lower Weser near Bremen) - had become the "Bundes-Ober-Postdirection Braunschweig". The postal service was carried out by 50 post offices, which were divided into post offices, postal expeditions 1st class and postal expeditions 2nd class.
From July 1, 1871, the General Post Office in Berlin arranged for the postal administration business for the Polle office , the city of Bodenwerder, for the Osterode, Göttingen, Einbeck and Zellerfeld districts, as well as for the Liebenburg and Wöltingerode offices and the city of Goslar , passed from the administrative to large Ober-Postdirektion in Hanover to the Ober-Postdirektion in Braunschweig.
Two years later, in 1873, the Brunswick district of Thedinghausen was assigned to the OPD Hanover. The same applies to the Bodenburg and Ölsburg exclaves as well as Brunkensen, Coppengram, Grünenplan, Hohenbüchen and Lütgenholzen from the Holzminden district. At the same time, the town of Grasleben, located in the Helmstedt district, was handed over to the Magdeburg Head Office.
In 1875 there were 130 post offices in the OPD district of Braunschweig, 79 of them with telegraph operation, 77 official sales outlets for postage stamps, 569 kilometers of railway lines and 1579 kilometers of artificial roads; 895 people were employed in the district. With the merger of post and telegraphy on January 1, 1876, the Oberpostdirektion added further extensive tasks.
On July 1, 1911, the Calvörde post office (exclave of the Duchy of Braunschweig) was assigned to the district of the Magdeburg Post Office.
After the First World War in 1919, the name changed to “Oberpostdirektion”, in the Third Reich it was “Reichspostdirektion” and after the war it was again “Oberpostdirektion”.
In 1928, some offices in the south and west of the district were transferred to other senior post offices. At that time there were 845 offices and offices in the OPD district of Braunschweig with a population density of 119 people per km². At that time, each resident wrote an average of 82 letters.
In November 1937, the government decided to create a new industrial area. As early as 1939, the Heßlingen and Rothenfelde post offices previously supplied by the Vorsfelde post office had been closed and merged into the independent post office " City of the KdF-Wagens ".
The “Stadtgebiet Salzgitter” was created for the Reichswerke. For this purpose, area adjustments had to be carried out first. The city and district of Goslar and a further 11 communities from the district of Marienburg came to the state of Braunschweig. In exchange, parts of the Braunschweig area have been transferred to the Hildesheim administrative district.
After these extensive preparations, the town of "Watenstedt-Salzgitter" was established on April 1, 1942. It was made up of 24 communities, parts of 16 communities and 5 forest markings in the Brunswick districts of Wolfenbüttel and Goslar. The city administration had its seat in the district Lebenstedt (Braunschw.). To characterize the extent of the redesign at that time, the places, residential and construction camps combined to form the town of “Salzgitter” are listed here as at July 1, 1942: “Adersheim, Alt-Wallmoden, Altenhagen, Barum, Beddingen, Beinum, Bleckenstedt , Broistedt, Bruchmachtersen, Burgdorf, Calbecht, main administration of the Reichswerke, Hermann Göring ', Drütte, Engelnstedt, Engerode, Flachstöckheim, Fümmelse, Gebhardshagen, Gielde, Groß Mahner, Gustedt, warehouse 14, Hallendorf, special warehouse 21, warehouse 8 and 10, NSKK - Warehouses and transport, warehouse 25 and 25a, Waldhaus Krüger, Haverlah, Haverlahwiese, Heerte, Hohenrode, Immendorf, Krähenriede, Lebenstedt, Leinde, Lesse, Lichtenberg, Liebenburg, Lobmachtersen, Nienrode (Gut), Ohlendorf, Osterlinde, Reppner, Ringelheim, Salder, Salzgitter, Steinlah, Thiede, Üfingen, Watenstedt, camps 11, 27 and 36; Camp 23, A, B, C and Dorm 3; Residential camps 1, 2, 3, 12 and 20; Ohe and Wortlah. "
Hornburg, which belongs to the district of Wernigerode, was exchanged on August 1, 1941 for the Brunswick towns of Hesse with Hessendamm and Pabstorf. However, the exchange of these places by post did not take place until April 1, 1944 between the Reichspostdirektion Braunschweig and Magdeburg.
After the end of the Second World War , at the beginning of July 1945, the southeastern part of the district with the post offices Blankenburg (Harz), Elbingerode, Hasselfelde, Ilfeld and Sülzhayn, the branch post offices Rübeland, Stiege, Tanne and Niedersachswerfen as well as 18 post offices I and 26 post offices II and 9 post offices have been cut off. For this purpose, the branch post offices Hohegeiß and Zorge came to the Braunschweig district on July 5th and the Bad Sachsa post office with the post office I Tettenborn (previously part of Erfurt) on August 1st .
When the military government decided on April 6, 1946 that the boundaries of the Reichspostdirektion Braunschweig had to coincide with the interzonal boundaries, some places had to be taken over from the Reichspostdirektion Frankfurt and an approximately equal number of places had to be transferred there.
Rail mail lines
The following post offices were temporarily involved in the operation of the post on the following railway lines:
- Post office 1 in Blankenburg a. H. for the railway line: Blankenburg-Halberstadt,
- Post office 1 in Braunschweig for the railway lines: Braunschweig-Oschersleben, as well as Braunschweig-Harzburg, Goslar-Vienenburg,
- Post office 1 in Clausthal for the railway line: Clausthal-Grauhof,
- Post office II in Seesen for the railway lines: Herzberg a. H. — Seesen, as well as Langelsheim — Seesen,
- Post office 1 in Einbeck for the railway line: Einbeck-Salzderhelden.
This list can certainly be extended.
Transmitting systems for radio and television
In the area of application of the OPD Braunschweig, the history of the transmission systems for radio and television began only after the Second World War .
The British occupying power decided in the late summer of 1945 to develop the Northwest German Broadcasting Corporation (NWDR) into an independent full program. At that time, broadcasting in Europe was mainly on medium wave with its very large ranges.
The transmission frequencies were renegotiated at the 1948 Copenhagen Wave Conference. Germany as an occupied nation was not represented and received only a few, unfavorable frequencies. At that time, ultra-short waves (VHF) were widely known, but were not yet used for broadcasting. Then the Post decided to introduce VHF frequencies to improve broadcasting. Although they only had a short range, they gave a clear sound feel. The first ultra-short wave transmitters initially had only a few listeners, as VHF reception was not possible with the old radio receivers. After advertising, the listeners were convinced of the significantly better sound quality.
Peat house
The shorter range of VHF radio made it necessary to build new transmitters. In 1948, the Central Telecommunications Office carried out radio relay tests with VHF transmission and reception systems in Torfhaus , which led to the establishment of the Torfhaus radio station in the same year . They were initially used for telephone traffic from the western zones to West Berlin . 16 long-distance calls could be made simultaneously over this radio bridge . This tower later received the television antennas for broadcasting the second and third television programs.
In 1950 the NWDR was one of the founding members of the ARD. In 1952, the NWDR was largely responsible for the restart of television in Germany. An antenna system was added to the peat house in 1952. By erecting a 70 m high antenna tower in a steel grid construction, the performance could be significantly improved.
When the North West German Broadcasting (NWDR) was split up, the North German (NDR) and West German Broadcasting (WDR) were created in 1954 . Both broadcasters took over broadcasting on April 1, 1956.
In 1958 another 45 m high antenna tower was built in Torfhaus. 480 long-distance calls could now be transmitted simultaneously in traffic with Berlin. This radio link was significantly expanded in 1961, due to the Braunschweig - Torfhaus - Hanover radio link. Now 960 long-distance calls could be made with West Berlin. Other radio links transmitted the audio and television programs from the broadcasters to the Torfhaus. The radio programs and the 1st television broadcast program were forwarded to the Torfhaus via a cable connection. The second television program was broadcast since June 1, 1961, the third television program since September 21, 1964 by the television and radio station Torfhaus, which belongs to the service area of the Braunschweig telecommunications office.
Torfhaus is currently the location of two large transmission systems, one of which is operated by the public NDR and the other by the German radio tower (DFMG). Since May 24, 2004, the NDR transmission system has been used to broadcast terrestrial digital television (DVB-T) and four NDR radio programs in the VHF range. A 279.8 m high, guyed tubular steel mast acts as the antenna carrier, the transmitting antennas of which are located at a height of 243 m. The operations center for all NDR transmitter systems in Lower Saxony is also located at the foot of the mast. The transmission system of Deutsche Funkturm GmbH is used to broadcast the radio programs Deutschlandfunk , Radio ffn and Hit-Radio Antenne in the VHF range and is also the location of a radio relay system.
Abbenrode / Cremlingen
The medium wave continued to operate. In 1962, the Deutsche Bundespost set up the medium wave transmitter in Braunschweig / Abbenrode / Cremlingen . He broadcast the program “ Voice of Russia” from Deutschlandfunk, initially with an output of 100 kW on the frequency 630 kHz . After the erection of a 240 m high tubular antenna mast with a diameter of 2 m, the power of the transmitter has been increased to 400 kW. A second transmitter broadcasts the Deutschlandfunk program on the frequency 756 kHz at the same point. It has an output of 200 kW. The mast has a height of 137 m, at 99 m there is a reserve antenna for directional radio.
Fredelsloh transmitter
In the south of the OPD district, the 155 m high and around 3200 tons heavy reinforced concrete tower of a transmitter near Fredelsloh was built in 1962 : the telecommunications tower Solling . Since August 1963 it has served as a relay station for the directional radio links Hanover-Frankfurt am Main as well as the transmission of long-distance calls on the directional radio line Göttingen-Fredelsloh-Hanover. Added to this are the directional radio lines already mentioned, which run via the Torfhaus radio station. Fredelsloh has been broadcasting the second television program since February 1964 and the third since July 1965. The reception area spans the Göttingen plain to the edge of the Harz and the Weser Uplands. Since the television waves propagate in a straight line like rays of light and larger bumps are obstacles, television reception is insufficient in some areas. In order to ensure that the residents of these areas can enjoy watching television without a shadow of a doubt, filling transmitters were set up in the district of the Oberpostdirektion , which receive the television program on the radio and broadcast it to the areas in the shadow of the reception area.
All radio links for the transmission of television programs, as well as all television stations and the television converters (filler stations) in the Braunschweig district have been technically equipped for the transmission of color television since the summer of 1967.
particularities
From the first mail flight
to Braunschweig
Telegram form
Printed in Braunschweig
by Westermann
10 times franking
currency reform
See also
- Postal organization
- List of known transmitters
- Transmitting systems on the Brocken
- Dual broadcast system
- Portal: radio
- Portal: television
literature
- 100 years of the Braunschweig Postal Directorate 1868–1968. Westermann, Braunschweig 1968 (Braunschweig City Library, call number I 66-127)
- Rudolf Knackstedt: Postman in the city of Braunschweig. (unpublished manuscript )
- Reinhard Försterling: The history of the post in Salzgitter. In: Salzgitter Yearbook 1997/1998. Verlag Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV, Salzgitter 1998, pp. 288–385.
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 41.7 ″ N , 10 ° 31 ′ 15.9 ″ E