Fredelsloh
|
Fredelsloh
City of Moringen
|
||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Height : | 253 m | |
| Residents : | 902 (Jan 2020) | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1974 | |
| Postal code : | 37186 | |
| Area code : | 05555 | |
Location of Fredelsloh in Lower Saxony |
||
 Northwest part of Fredelsloh with the monastery church
|
||
Fredelsloh is a district of Moringen in southern Lower Saxony ( Germany ). The place is known beyond the borders of the state as an artist and pottery village and a state-recognized excursion destination in Lower Saxony.
etymology
According to tradition, the place name has changed several times over the centuries; so the village was sometimes called Fridaßle , Fridessele and Fredelsheim , whereby interpretations say that the name illustrates peace after the long-standing feuds with the Counts of Dassel. The final syllable ~ loh has two meanings: On the one hand, Loh denotes a young wood, a forest that is growing well , while on the other hand Loh could be derived from Loch , since Fredelsloh is in a valley, surrounded by the Weper, the forest walls and the Solling Mountains.
location
Fredelsloh is located in the Northeim district on the eastern edge of the Solling , north of the Weper ridge or southwest of the Ahlsburg ridge . It is located northwest of the core town of Moringen , northeast of the town of Uslar and north of the town of Hardegsen in the valley of the Dieße stream , which is a south-southwest tributary of the Ilme and is fed by the Dellgraben in Fredelsloh.
history
colonization
Only a few archaeological finds exist for the oldest settlement in Fredelsloh; however, it is assumed that at least parts of the Moringer Basin have been settled since the Neolithic period , as the first finds appear from this time. Remains of human settlement were also found in the Bronze Age . The first documented mention of the place comes from the year 1135, whereby it is assumed that Fredelsloh existed before the foundation of the monastery.
Fredelsloh Abbey
.jpg)
The appearance of the village center of Fredelsloh is shaped by the monastery church of St. Blasii and Mariae . This basilica belonged to the Fredelsloh monastery, which was founded in 1132 as an Augustinian canon monastery by the diocese of Mainz .
Since the Fredelsloh monastery was located in the northern outskirts of the diocese of Mainz, the Mainz bishops transferred the bailiwick rights to the Counts of Dassel , which are documented for the 13th century until 1277. Then began the transformation into a choir monastery. The monastery existed until a few decades after the Thirty Years' War . Even before the Thirty Years' War, the former political importance of the monastery was waning; so it was now primarily used to care for the daughters and widows of the landed gentry who lived in the near and far area. It was precisely on this occasion that the economic basis of the monastery was strengthened in the 12th century through the purchase of tithes and lands. However, the development was in decline in the following 13th century: land and permissions were sold, later annuities were also sold. A fire damaged numerous monastery buildings; however, the means were lacking to rebuild it or even to halt its gradual decline.
A Protestant church visitation initiated by Duchess Elisabeth von Braunschweig showed that only a few nuns lived in Fredelsloh in 1542 who had accepted the new faith without resistance and asked for economic help. In 1564, Duke Erich II of Calenberg-Göttingen pledged the Fredeloh monastery to Christoffer von Falkenberge for 12 years and in 1575 it was repurchased to Dietrich Kanne for 5731 thalers and 4 Mariengroschen, although the monastery, including all accessories, did not belong to him. From the pledge in 1564 it is also known that at that time only the dominatrix , a nun who acted as headmistress, as well as a maid and a pastor lived in the monastery. In 1584, Duke Julius von Braunschweig arranged for some nuns to move from Dorstedt near Wolfenbüttel. Julius redeemed the monastery, but the economic situation remained devastating, apart from a brief recovery phase towards the end of the 16th century.
Pottery Guild
The pottery trade, which was a main source of income for many residents, has been of great importance for the place since the earliest times. In the Middle Ages, the Fredelsloh potters were at the forefront of technology, which resulted in their pots and storage containers being sold as far as Tallinn and even as far as Novgorod in Russia .
Not far from Fredelsloh, a pilgrim dug the first clay pit, which provided excellent material for pottery. After this discovery, more and more master potters from other villages settled in the area in the following years, brought up this industry and in this way also provided Fredelsloh with significant income. In the Middle Ages a potters guild was formed, whose statutes were confirmed by the then sovereign Otto von Braunschweig . Towards the end of the 16th century, Duke Erich II granted the guild the right to dig for potting soil in the Fredeloher Feldmark and to use the separate top and poll wood from the manorial forest of interest free of charge.
After the establishment of the Kingdom of Westphalia , all guilds were abolished and their rights and privileges were robbed. There were efforts, especially on the part of the former heads of the guild - Ehrich Paland, Justus Friedrich Baumann, Georg Behrens and Georg Paland - with a petition of May 3, 1809, that even if their previous guild constitution should end, they should still be allowed would like to further identify a closed partnership, so that foreign subjects do not sneak into their craft, which alone hardly provides them with a living . They also made their request later, when the Kingdom of Hanover was constituted in 1814, but without success.
During the German Revolution of 1848/1849 , Fredelsloher Töpfer and other residents attacked the buildings of the monastery and damaged the tenant's house, among other things. Then 32 cuirassiers from the Northeim garrison marched in . However, there was no open battle because politicians succeeded in mediating.
Stonecutters Guild
Later than the potters 'guild, the stone carvers' guild was founded in Fredelsloh . The first guild letter, issued on July 13, 1769 by the state government in Hanover, attests to its earliest mention. Without debts, but also without verifiable assets, they had the right to break the stones necessary for their work in the communal forest. A registered book that has been preserved records the names of the guild members, journeymen and apprentices. The guild was dissolved under the rule of the Kingdom of Westphalia . At the end of April 1809, Dietrich Wilhelm Fischer and Philipp Schormann asked for the stone carvers' guild to be re-established, but they were refused.
Second World War
On March 28, 1945, several houses in Fredelsloh were completely destroyed in an air raid and the church was damaged.
Incorporation
On March 1, 1974, Fredelsloh was incorporated into the city of Moringen.
Bengerode desert
About 1.5 km east of Fredelsloh is the Bengerode desert , where archaeologists have excavated a medieval pottery settlement. Today's pottery in Fredelsloh is in the tradition of this desert. The finds from the Bengerode desert are shown in KERAMIK.UM and in the Klett pottery .
Wackenrode desert
The deserted village of Wackenrode was still north of Fredelsloh. It was mentioned in the sources as early as 1264 and was considered a pottery village. The reason for the downfall of the place may have been the Hildesheim collegiate feud of 1519. As early as the 12th century, Bengerode and Wackenrode are said to have been in desolation as part of the Northeim dispute between Adolf II von Dassel and the Northeimer Stift. Parts of the pots and shards of the clay pots found in the desert are exhibited today in the Fredelsloh local history museum.
politics
The local mayor in Fredelsloh is Stefan Josef ( SPD ). His deputy is Angelika Gerl (SPD).
Culture and sights
Collegiate church
After the monastery was closed, the Romanesque collegiate church served as a granary for several generations and was therefore preserved, while the other monastery buildings fell into disrepair except for the remains of walls and a fountain. The three-aisled basilica has since been renovated and is now used as a church. The north portal serves as the main entrance. This is a Hirsauer portal . The Fredelsloh form of the column portal with the half-arch from the 12th century is one of the earliest of its kind in Germany.
museum
After more than six years of planning and 1½ years of construction, the exhibition and event house was 16 June 2011 Keramikum (proper spelling KERAMIK.UM) opened in Fredelsloh that makes the story Fredelslohs and pottery in an illustrative way to life.
With a lot of voluntary commitment and regional handicrafts, an exhibition was created that presents the almost 1000-year-old uninterrupted tradition of the Fredelsloh pottery handicraft. The visitor can immerse himself in the history of pottery in a vivid and entertaining way. Special exhibitions, pottery seminars and experimental archeology with the fire from the Middle Ages complement the permanent exhibition of the Fredelsloh Heimat- und Geschichtsverein.
Association
As part of the 100th anniversary of the Fredelsloh volunteer fire brigade, Fredelsloh's 875th birthday was also celebrated.
The men's soccer team of TSV Fredelsloh currently plays in the 2nd district class.
literature
- Fritz Both: 850 years of Fredelsloh. Timeline. Ed .: Ortsrat Fredelsloh, Moringen 1982
- Fritz Both: The monastery church St. Blasii and Marien in Fredelsloh. ( Small art guide for Lower Saxony , issue 22), Göttingen 1982
- Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent. 2001
- Gerda Engelbracht: The "Pottery Village Fredelsloh". A village between the pottery tradition and tourism . Master's thesis, Göttingen 1981
- Petra Lönne with the collaboration of Johannes Klett-Drechsel and Sonja M.-A. König: The medieval pottery desert Bengerode near Fredelsloh, district Northeim. In: Mamoun Fansa , Frank Both, Henning Haßmann (editor): Archeology | Land | Lower Saxony. 400,000 years of history. State Museum for Nature and Humans, Oldenburg 2004 = licensed edition for the Scientific Book Society. Page 264–266.
- Wolfgang F. Nägeler: Ortsfamilienbuch Fredelsloh and Espol . Stadtoldendorf 2019
- Arno Schelle (editor), 850 years of Fredelsloh. Photos of the parade in 1982. Fredelsloh found pieces and fragments, volume 5, Verlag Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2018.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Data & figures on the website of the city of Moringen, accessed on April 6, 2020
- ↑ Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent . Self-published by Gramatzki, Dassel-Fredelsloh 2001, ISBN 3-8311-1974-0 , p. 8 .
- ↑ Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from its foundation to the expiration of its convent . Self-published Gramatzki, Dassel-Fredelsloh 2001, p. 90 f .
- ^ Karl Scheibe-Moringen: Fredelsloh. History of the village and monastery . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . tape 10 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1900, p. 41 .
- ↑ Andreas Düwel: Social Revolutionary Protest and Conservative Sentiment, 1996, p. 89
- ↑ Engelchristine, Hanshenderk Solljer, Ira Spieker, Wolfgang Schäfer: Mägdealltag und Mädchenträume - Jugenderinnerungen aus einer Sollingdorf, 2000, p. 213
- ↑ Matthias Seeliger: 1848 - (K) a revolution on Weser and Leine, 1999, p. 135
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 214 .
- ^ Karl Lechte: History of the city of Hardegsen . Hardegsen 1968, p. 224 .
- ↑ Source: Shards for the opening. Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Fredelsloh opens permanent exhibition in the Keramikum. (PDF; 292 kB)
Behrensen | Blankenhagen | Fredelsloh | Großenrode | Lutterbeck | Moringen | Nienhagen | Oldenrode | Thüdinghausen