Solling

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Solling
Highest peak Great nakedness ( 527.8  m above sea  level )
location Lower Saxony , Hesse , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany )
Part of the main unit Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald
Classification according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany ( single sheet 99 Göttingen)
Solling (Lower Saxony)
Solling
Coordinates 51 ° 44 ′  N , 9 ° 36 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′  N , 9 ° 36 ′  E
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The Solling is up to 527.8  m above sea level. NHN high low mountain range of the Weser Uplands in Lower Saxony ( Germany ), the extreme southern foothills of which extend to Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia .

Within Lower Saxony, it represents the second largest mountain range in terms of area and, after the Harz ( Wurmberg ; 971.2  m ; highest point in the Lower Saxony Harz region) and the northern part of the Kaufunger Wald ( Haferberg ; 580.4  m ) reaching into Lower Saxony, the third highest mountain range.

The Solling, together with the smaller and less high Vogler low mountain range and the small Burgberg ridge , which connect to the Solling to the north, form the Solling-Vogler Nature Park .

Surname

Lower Saxony highlands

The name Solling is etymologically interpreted as a forest landscape characterized by its wealth of swampy areas. Preforms of the word go back to the syllable sol , which means a low or boggy place and can also be found in field names such as Heimbuchsoll . Today's words Suhle and Soll also go back to this stem.

The Solling is mentioned in a document relatively late, the first reference can be found in a document of the Fulda traditions from 1157: pro foreste Sulgo .

geography

location

The Solling lies almost entirely in southern Lower Saxony in the districts of Holzminden and Northeim . Only its south-west foothills with the Hanoverian cliffs are legally part of the Höxter district in East Westphalia , and its south-west roof with the Gartenstadt Bad Karlshafen district is located in northern Hesse in the Kassel district , where the southern roof of the Solling also ends in the Wesertal community .

On the Solling, the larger towns are located along an imaginary ring on its edge. In clockwise direction these are Deensen , Heinade , Dassel , Moringen , Hardegsen , Uslar , Bodenfelde , Bad Karlshafen , Lauenförde , Beverungen , Fürstenberg , Boffzen , Höxter , Holzminden and Bevern .

In the north, the Solling meets the Burgberg , behind which the Vogler is located, in the north-northeast against the Homburgwald , in the northeast against the mountain ranges of Amtsberge , Holzberg and Ellenser Wald , in the east against the Ahlsburg , in the southeast against the Weper , in the south against the Kiffing and in the southwest of the Reinhardswald . In the south-west, west and north-west the Upper Wesertal forms the natural boundary of the Solling.

Natural allocation

In natural terms , the Solling is the largest and highest of the three eponymous red sandstone blocks of the main unit Solling, Bramwald and Reinhardswald (No. 370). The Schwülme valley, which is commonly seen as the southern border of the Solling and at the same time forms the state border with Hesse and the southern border of the nature park, does not play a role in the natural spatial classification .

The actual core mountains up to the deeper and wider incised northern side valleys of Ahle and Rehbach form the natural area of Nördlicher Solling (370.0). The deeper and slightly less high landscape from there to the Nieme valley, behind which the Bramwald adjoins, is called Kuppiger Solling (370.1). The populated Uslar basin around Uslar , which also includes the Ahletal from Schönhagen , the Rehbachtal from Bollensen and the Schwülmetal between Offensen and Vernawahlshausen , is surrounded by islands like this continuously wooded area .

mountains

The mountains and elevations of the Solling include - with heights in meters (m) above sea ​​level (MSL; unless otherwise stated according to):

  • Eisernstieg (446.3 m)
  • Strutberg (444.1 m) - with Sollingturm (AT)
  • Großer Lauenberg (442.6 m)
  • Wildenkiel (approx. 441 m)
  • Auerhahnkopf (approx. 440 m)
  • Hackeberg (428.4 m)
  • Hengstrücken (424.4 m)
  • Buchholz (421.7 m)
  • Sonnenköpfe (414.6 m; west summit)
  • Sonnenköpfe (407.0 m; east summit)
  • Young Schmacht (388.0 m)
  • Slab (379.7 m)
  • Sommerberg (364.5 m)
  • Kahlberg (224.7 m)

Waters

The rivers in and on the Solling include:

  • Ahle - rises in the Solling, leaves it flowing southeast and is a northwestern Schwülme tributary
  • Beverbach - rises on the northern edge of the Solling in Schorborn, flows westward and is an eastern tributary of the Weser
  • Dieße - rises on the eastern edge of the Solling near Fredelsloh, flows north-northeast and is a south-southwest tributary of the Ilme
  • Dürre Holzminde - rises in the Solling in the ore quarry, flows via Mühlenberg to Holzminden and is a tributary to Holzminde
  • Espolde - rises on the eastern edge of the Solling near Espol, flows mainly eastward and is a western Leine tributary
  • Hasselbach - arises in the Solling near Schießhaus, flows mainly westwards and is an eastern drought tributary to the Holzminde
  • Helle - has its source in the Solling in the Mecklenbruch, flows through Hellental and Merxhausen and is a south-westerly Spüligbach tributary
  • Holzminde - rises in Solling in the Mecklenbruch, flows predominantly northwest and is an eastern tributary of the Weser
  • Ilme - rises in Solling near the Neuer Teich, flows mainly eastwards and is a western Leine tributary
  • Otterbach - rises in Solling near "Neuhaus im Solling" in Rutenbruch, flows northwestward and is an eastern tributary of the Weser
  • Rehbach - rises in Solling near the Schönenberg, flows southwest and is a north-eastern Ahle tributary
  • Reiherbach - rises north of Amelith, flows south-south-east to Bodenfelde and is a north-north-west tributary of the Weser
  • Rottmünde - rises in Solling near “Neuhaus im Solling” in Rutenbruch, flows southwest and is an eastern tributary of the Weser
  • Schwülme - rises in the southeast of the Solling near Hettensen, flows mainly westward and is an eastern tributary of the Weser
  • Spüligbach - rises on the northeast edge of the Solling near Heinade, flows southeast and is a northwest tributary of the Ilme
  • Weser - arises about 35 km (as the crow flies) south of the Solling near Hann. Münden from the union of Fulda and Werra, passes the Solling west edge in a south-north direction and is a river flowing into the North Sea

The latter two run peripherally, while the others drain the Solling radially.

The still waters of the Solling include the Neue Teich and the neighboring Lakenteich .

Localities

Localities at or in Solling are:

Unregulated areas

Most of the uninhabited forest areas of the Solling are located in a total of four community-free areas :

geology

Sandstone reddish in color

The Solling rock massif stands out from its surroundings in the shape of an upturned plate. The diameter is about 30 km, the thickness 300 m. This solid rock consists of sandstone , mostly reddish in color, the red sandstone . At the time of the Variscan mountain formation , part of an extensive depression, the Sollingscholle rose in the Mesozoic . Subsequently, a fault developed as a result of a regional tectonic process. It runs through the entire massif along a fairly straight line. On the surface it becomes visible as a trench that is partially filled with loose rock . Today the Helle runs through this ditch in the northeast , at the northern end of which it flows into the Spüligbach. Adjacent to this brook valley, the Mecklenbruch has formed in the center of Solling. The southwestern part of the rift valley shows its strongest form near Derental. The entire formation is covered by a layer of parabrown earth on which moderate humus has formed.

The middle of the Solling with altitudes over 400  m above sea level. NHN is also known as Hoher Solling or Hochsolling . On this plateau, the soils change into pseudogley or stagnogley , so that moor areas have formed.

In addition to the distinctive trench structure described, the Solling has several smaller faults that often appear as stream valleys. The edge areas of the Solling can be characterized clockwise as follows:

The Vogler joins in the north. In the east, the Solling runs flat into the city of Dassel. A basin has sunk around Uslar in the southeast . In the south, the Solling borders the Reinhardswald . The western course forms the Weser , where the Weser sandstone of the Solling has its steepest formation as Hanoverian cliffs .

Landscape image

The continuous forest of the Solling shapes its overall appearance. Spruce stands dominate this cultural landscape. Beech forest areas form the core of the deciduous tree population. In some places there are long oak avenues that were laid out 250 years ago by forester Johann Georg von Langen . From the through streets, forest and hiking trails provide access to the edges of clearings, which also have other tree species such as maple, birch, Douglas fir, ash, larch and fir. Unless undergrowth has established itself, the ground is usually covered with grove. Bachtal and forest edge zones have the character of meadows.

Nestled in the wooded area located right in the Solling with the new pond , the Lake pond and bog Mecklenbruch three ecologically important wetlands.

history

Prehistory

In the last Ice Age , the Solling was on the northern edge of the glacier advances. The first human uses began as early as the Mesolithic . Finds of stone tools by pulling hunter-gatherers were in outlying areas of the Solling about in Dassel made. The Bredenstein south of Neuhaus is sometimes ascribed a prehistoric meaning, but its precise meaning and chronological order have not been proven. The sedentary settlement began in the Middle Ages also from the edge and river valleys ago. A small hill near Schmeessen was settled from an army camp of Charlemagne in Herstelle . Until this phase, the natural vegetation remained predominant in the Solling.

middle Ages

Hollow road in the Solling

With the onset of a medieval warm period , there was an increase in population. During this time, the Counts of Dassel took over sovereignty in the area. They had a large settlement before their castle Nienover create what significant deforestation for construction, heating and hat was associated -Zwecke. The Solling was gradually transformed into a cultural landscape. In the 13th century the Guelphs took over and Nienover fell desolate . The use of the forest was continued by the surrounding towns of Uslar, Höxter and Holzminden. From this period there are isolated ravines . The population decline as a result of the plague in the middle of the 14th century led to partial reforestation.

Modern times

Köhler in Solling 1909

In modern times , forest pasture management was continued and expanded. This led to an aging of the trees, which in the middle of the 16th century consisted of birch, beech and oak as well as willows planted on the banks of the streams . The clearing was also resumed, partly by coal-burning huts , but especially by the Amelungsborn monastery . The deforestation served not only to expand arable land, but also to take possession of fallow land. During the Thirty Years' War , Friedrich Ulrich ordered a clearing stop. Nevertheless, the forest could not recover in the next hundred years either. There was a need for firewood not only from the increasing population, but also from the newly built glass and iron works. In 1755 von Langen proposed systematic forest regeneration by planting spruce trees. However, it was not until the middle of the 19th century that the use of the forest as a forest replaced fattening grazing . After a brief affiliation with the Leine department, the drainage of small moors began. From around 1860, large areas of spruce were planted. The old political border in Solling is still today the district border between Holzminden and Northeim . Since the Middle Ages, it ran along the geological rift that separated the northern, Braunschweig part from the southern, Calenberg (later Hanoverian ) part.

Known damaging events were: Hurricane Quimburga , Hurricane Kyrill , Storm Friederike .

Glass history

Based on documentary mentions and soil research, it is assumed that there have been over 20 earlier forest glassworks in Solling since the 9th century, of which no more than 3 to 4 huts existed at the same time. Examples of forest glassworks are the forest glassworks at Holzminde , the forest glassworks at Lakenborn , the forest glassworks in the Reiherbachtal and the forest glassworks in Kreickgrund . Later permanent glassworks in Solling were, for example, the Rottmünde glassworks , the Becker glassworks and the Schorborn glass factory . The Georgshütte and Noelle + von Campe were built on the edge of the Solling in Boffzen in the 19th century .

The densely wooded area of ​​the Solling was a favorable location for forest glassworks in earlier centuries , as they relied on large quantities of wood to fire the melting furnaces and to produce potash (forest ash). The huts were built in the forest near streams or springs and usually operated for 5 to 6 years until the wood of the forest was exhausted. Other raw materials, such as quartz sand, were also found in the Solling valleys. The sovereign granted the authorization (concession) to operate the glassworks. The glassmakers of the Solling were dependent on the import of clay for their melting ports from Hesse, since an ideal, malleable and fire-resistant clay was available in a large clay store near Großalmerode in the Kaufunger Forest .

Tourism and attractions

Downy birch forest with scabbard cotton-grass at Moorauge in the Mecklenbruch moor (June 2013)

The Solling offers a variety of hiking opportunities. Many hiking trails are designed as circular or themed routes, including the Loccum – Volkenroda pilgrimage route . Most of the paths are flat or have only a slight gradient. Popular excursion destinations in Solling are the nature reserve Hochmoor Mecklenbruch near Silberborn, the viewing towers Hochsollingturm on the Moosberg , the Sollingturm on the Strutberg and the Harzblick on the Großer Steinberg , the Hutewald near Nienover Castle and the Neuhaus wildlife park with its WildparkHaus - the Solling visitor center .

During the mating season of the deer of the deer can be listened to (in parking lots to the tubes deer roaring ). Cross -country skiing can be practiced on a few days in winter on groomed trails and, for example, you can toboggan near Silberborn.

Archaeological excavation sites can be visited on Bundesstraße 241 near the Nienover Middle Ages Center with the Winnefeld desert and the Schmeessen desert , as well as another one at the Lakenteich with the Waldglashütte am Lakenborn . For mountain biking there at Neuhaus , a circular course. Various roads with little traffic are used in spring by racing cyclists to prepare for the season, while the Solling is used for cycling tourism on the R1 European Cycle Route .

The pottery village of Fredelsloh is located on the southeast edge of the Solling . In addition to the traditionally settled pottery, numerous artisans from woodworking as well as jewelry and basket production are based here.

Award

In 2013 the Solling was named forest area of ​​the year .

literature

Web links

Commons : Solling  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ^ Wolfgang Kramer: Der Name Solling, Contributions to Name Research , No. 6, 1971, pp. 130-150.
  3. Kirstin Casemir, Franziska Menzel and Uwe Ohainski: The place names of the Northeim district . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2005, pp. 350 f., ISBN 3-89534-607-1 .
  4. ^ Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Hiking and Leisure in the Solling-Vogler Nature Park , Topographische Karte (1: 50,000; 1975),
    Ed .: Lower Saxony State Administration Office - State Surveying
  6. according to information that was previously visible from the map of Bodenfelde u. a. with the Kahlberg, on findcity.de.
  7. Hans-Adolf Hedemann: The vault structure of the Solling and its emergence, in: Geologisches Jahrbuch 72, 1957, p. 529 ff.
  8. Hans Stille (1922): Excerpt from the overview map Leinegraben (p. 15; Fig. 1.10; M  = 1: 500,000) of the overview map of the Saxon mountain formation , in: Christof Liebermann (2009): Geological structure model in the wider area of ​​the Northeimer Bergbad sinkhole (PDF ; 6.7 MB).
  9. Klaus Raddatz, Mesolithic sites in Solling, Göttinger Jahrbuch 18 (1970), pp. 25–32.
  10. ^ Sievershausen site no. 12, municipality of the city of Dassel, district of Northeim, Reg.Bez. Braunschweig ( Memento from October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), St. Veil / R. Leibecke in “News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory 1998”, on archive.org
  11. Hery A. Lauer: Archaeological walks in southern Lower Saxony . H. Lauer Verlag, Angerstein 1988, ISBN 3-924538-03-4 .
  12. H.-G. Stephan , R. Mahytka, R. Myszka, M. Zirm, H.-R. Bork, A. Beyer: Archaeological-ecological research on landscape, settlement and economic history in Solling in 2006 , Göttinger Jahrbuch 55 (2007), pp. 239-258.
  13. ^ Daniel Althaus : The factory in the forest. Glass and mirrors from Amelith and Polier , dissertation, (= contributions to the history of the Solling and the Weser Valley. Volume 2), Verlag Jörg Mitzkat, Holzminden 2015
  14. WildparkHaus - The Solling Visitor Center , accessed on February 1, 2016, at naturpark-solling-vogler.de
  15. Forest area of ​​the year: 2013 - The Solling , Association of German Foresters, on waldgebiet-des-jahres.de
  16. Solling elected Forest of the Year ( Hessische / Niedersächsische Allgemeine ), from August 17, 2012, on hna.de